Based on pollution

1. POLLUTION
- Chirag Thakur

2. Content
Introduction
Types of Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Land Pollution
Radioactive Pollution

3. Introduction
• Pollution is the effect of
undesirable changes in our
surroundings that have harmful
effects on plants, animals and
human beings. This occurs when
only short-term economic gains are
made at the cost of the long-term
ecological benefits for humanity.

4. Types of Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Land Pollution
Radioactive Pollution

5. Air Pollution
• Air pollution occurs due to the
presence of undesirable solid or
gaseous particles in the air in quantities
that are harmful to human health and
the environment. Air may get polluted
by natural causes such as volcanoes,
which release ash, dust, sulphur and
other gases, or by forest fires that are
occasionally naturally caused by
lightning.

6. Causes of Air Pollution
Air pollution is caused by solid and liquid particles and certain gases that are
suspended in the air. These particles and gases can come from car and truck
exhaust, factories, dust, pollen, mold spores, volcanoes and wildfires. The
solid and liquid particles suspended in our air are called aerosols.
Air pollution happens when solid and liquid particles—called aerosols—and
certain gases end up in our air. These particles and gases can be bad for the
planet and for our health, so keeping track of them is important.

7. Effect of Air Pollution
They can increase the risk of heart and respiratory diseases, as well as
lung cancer. Ozone is a major factor in causing asthma (or making it worse),
and nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide can also cause asthma, bronchial
symptoms, lung inflammation and reduced lung function.
Air pollution can damage crops and trees in a variety of ways. Ground-level
ozone can lead to reductions in agricultural crop and commercial forest
yields, reduced growth and survivability of tree seedlings, and increased
plant susceptibility to disease, pests and other environmental stresses (such as
harsh weather).

8. How to avoid Air Pollution
The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels,
replacing them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal.
Producing clean energy is crucial. But equally important is to reduce our
consumption of energy by adopting responsible habits and using more efficient
devices.
Shifting to electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, and promoting shared mobility
(i.e. carpooling, and public transports) could reduce air pollution.
From planning to demolition, green building aims to create environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient structures to reduce their carbon footprint.

9. Water Pollution
Water pollution is the release of
substances into bodies of water that
makes water unsafe for human use and
disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
 Water pollution can be caused by a
plethora of different contaminants,
including toxic waste, petroleum, and
disease-causing microorganisms.

10. Causes of Water Pollution
 Unsurprisingly, human activity is primarily responsible for water pollution, even if
natural phenomenon - such as landslides and floods - can also contribute to degrade
the water quality.
Inadequate sewage collection and treatment are sources of water pollution.
Even though it does not have a direct impact on water quality, urbanization and
deforestation have a lot of indirect effects.
Agriculture has an impact on water pollution due to the use of chemicals such as
fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, herbicides or insecticides running off in the water,
as well as livestock excrement, manure and methane (greenhouse effect).

11. Effect of Water Pollution
Water pollution truly harms biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. The toxic
chemicals can change the color of water and increase the amount of
minerals - also known as eutrophication - which has a bad impact on life in
water.
Water pollution has very negative effects on public health. A lot of diseases
result from drinking or being in contact with contaminated water, such as
diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, dysentery or skin infections. In zones where there
is no available drinking water, the main risk is dehydration obviously.

12. How to avoid Water Pollution
Wastewater treatment consists of removing pollutants from wastewater through a
physical, chemical or biological process.
Globally, agriculture accounts for 70% of water resources, so it is essential to have
climate-friendly crops, efficient irrigation that reduces the need for water and
energy-efficient food production.
80% of plastic in our oceans is from land sources. In order to reduce the amount of
plastic entering our ocean, we need to both reduce our use of plastic globally, and to
improve plastic waste management.
Without water conservation, we won’t go very far. It is central in making sure the
world has better access to clean water.

13. Noise Pollution
Not all sound is considered noise
pollution. The World Health Organization
(WHO) defines noise above 65 decibels
(dB) as noise pollution. To be precise, noise
becomes harmful when it exceeds 75 decibels
(dB) and is painful above 120 dB. As a
consequence, it is recommended noise levels
be kept below 65 dB during the day and
indicates that restful sleep is impossible with
nighttime ambient noise levels in excess of 30
dB.

14. Causes of Air Pollution
Traffic noise accounts for most polluting noise in cities. For example, a car
horn produces 90 dB and a bus produces 100 dB.
There are fewer aircraft flying over cities than there are cars on the roads, but
the impact is greater: a single aircraft produces 130 dB.
Building and car park construction and road and pavement resurfacing works
are very noisy. For example, a pneumatic drill produces 110 dB.
Bars, restaurants and terraces that spill outside when the weather is good can
produce more than 100 dB. This includes noise from pubs and clubs.

15. Effect of Noise Pollution
As well as damaging our hearing by causing — tinnitus or deafness —,
constant loud noise can damage human health in many ways, particularly in the
very young and the very old.
Respiratory agitation, racing pulse, high blood pressure, headaches and, in case of
extremely loud, constant noise, gastritis, colitis and even heart attacks.
Noise can cause attacks of stress, fatigue, depression, anxiety and hysteria in both
humans and animals.
Noise may affect people's ability to focus, which can lead to low performance over
time. It is also bad for the memory, making it hard to study.

16. How to avoid Noise Pollution
International bodies like the WHO agree that awareness of noise pollution
is essential to beat this invisible enemy.
 For example: avoid very noisy leisure activities, opt for alternatives means of
transport such as bicycles or electric vehicles over taking the car.
Governments can also take measures to ensure correct noise
management and reduce noise pollution.
 For example: protecting certain areas — parts of the countryside, areas of
natural interest, city parks, etc.

17. Land Pollution
Land pollution refers to all forms of
pollution affecting any type of soil:
agricultural, forestry, urban, etc. Soil
pollution is a disruptive element for
many biological resources and
ecosystems.
A soil is polluted when it contains an
abnormal concentration of chemical
compounds potentially dangerous to
human health, plants or animals.

18. Causes of Land Pollution
Soil pollution is a form of land pollution in which the soil’s upper layer is
harmed.
Mining has the potential to pollute the air and water supply, damage
biodiversity and ecosystems, and permanently alter natural landscapes.
 Intensive urbanization will exacerbate poverty by preventing local
municipalities from providing services to all residents.
The soil is also contaminated by radioactive waste from nuclear research
stations and nuclear power plants, as well as radioactive fallout from nuclear
explosions.

19. Effect of Land Pollution
Soil pollution can harm public health and animals, as well as the quality of
groundwater and surface water.
Contamination of groundwater, loss of topsoil, water nutrient enrichment and
increased risk of wildfires (because of the dry conditions created by the pollutants
in the soil) are among the consequences of land pollution.
As land pollution and soil erosion progress, animals are forced to shift habitats and
adapt to new conditions. As a result, some species are at risk of extinction.
The potential effects of soil contamination on human health include breathing
disorders, birth defects, skin diseases, and cancer.

20. How to avoid Land Pollution
Environmental remediation consists of removing pollution from the soil,
groundwater or surface water.
Sustainable agriculture is essential as it is meant to control the impact on the
cultivated environment, by minimizing the external contributions (phytosanitary
products), by diversifying the cultures and by using biological treatments.
Conservation of the forests is key. Without the protection of the trees, the land
becomes dry and starts to erode.
Be it for industrial or household waste, efficient waste disposal is one of the most
effective ways of curbing land pollution.

21. Radioactive Pollution
• Radioactive pollution refers to the
physical pollution of living organisms
and their environment. It happens due
to the release of radioactive substances
into the environment during nuclear
explosions and nuclear weapons testing,
production and decommissioning of
nuclear weapons, the mining of
radioactive minerals, the handling, and
disposal of radioactive waste, and
accidents at nuclear power plants.

22. Causes of Radioactive Pollution
For the development of detectors and in other manufacturing operations,
radioisotopes are used. Isotopes like uranium have high radiation concentrations in
them.
When ships strike glaciers or coral reefs and end up dumping contaminants on
rivers and in the environment, there have been cases of spillages across oceans.
Many of these substances have a large amount of radiation, including petroleum
products, which can be harmful to the environment.
Generally, the manufacturing of defensive weapons capable of releasing
radioactivity from the nuclear materials treated poses a high health risk.

23. Effects of Radioactive Pollution
The most dominant illness linked to radiation is cancer. Over the years, it has
grown and poses a great danger to global health.
Radiation exposure to the environment means that it is present even in the
soil. The radioactive contaminants in the soil react together with the various
nutrients that cause the nutrients to be lost, making the soil highly toxic and
infertile.
It is not easy to experience radiation, but it is easy to know that it has shaped
you. Evidence is the acute appearance of burns, red lesions, and sores. This
will result in skin cancer, to make it worse.

24. How to avoid to Radioactive Pollution
The disposal of radiation waste cannot be carried out through chemical or
biological processes via degradation.
Also, many radioactive materials have very long half-lives (time taken for the
degradation or transformation of half of the material into non-radioactive
materials).
Waste containment in radiation-shielded containers that are typically buried
underground.
Thus, radiation waste can pose a danger for many years after its development.

25. Thank You