The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. In the mouth, chewing and saliva begin breaking down food. The esophagus transports food to the stomach through peristalsis. The stomach stores, churns, and breaks down food with acid and enzymes. The small intestine further breaks down food and absorbs nutrients with help from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted. Together these organs convert food into energy and basic nutrients for the entire body.

1. BIPPROZIT MONDAL
Lecturer,CRPnursingcollege
Digestive System

2. The digestive system is a group of organs
working together to convert food into energy
and basic nutrients to feed the entire body.
Food passes through a long tube inside the
body known as the alimentary canal or the
gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).
Introduction:-

3. Function of digestive system:-
1. Ingestion of food
2. Secretion of fluids and
digestive enzymes
3. Mixing and movement of food
and wastes through the body
4. Digestion of food into
smaller pieces
5. Absorption of nutrients
6. Excretion of wastes.
Define digestion:
Digestion may be define as a physiologic process by which complex food particles
are broken down into simple form, suitable for absorption and subsequent
utilization.

4.  Mouth.
 Throat.
 Esophagus.
 Stomach.
 Small Intestine.
 Colon (Large Intestine)
 Rectum.
 Anus.
Organs of the AlimentaryCanal :- Organs of the Accessory:-
 Salivary glands
 Teeth
 Pancreas
 Liver
 Gall bladder

5. Draw and label
The
human
digestive
System:-

6. Mouth Anatomy: Digestion begins
1. Hard palate – forms
the anterior roof
2. Soft palate – forms
the posterior roof
3. Uvula – fleshy
projection of the
soft palate
4. Tongue – attached
at hyoid and skull

7. Pharynx:-
The membrane-lined cavity
behind the nose and mouth,
connecting them to the
oesophagus.
1. Passageway for air and food
2. Epiglottis is fold of tissue
that determines the
pathway
3. Food always movement
continues to esophagus via
peristalsis.

8. Esophagus:-
The esophagus is a muscular
tube connecting the throat
(pharynx) with the stomach.
The esophagus is about 8
inches long, and is lined by
moist pink tissue called
mucosa. The esophagus runs
behind the windpipe (trachea)
and heart, and in front of the
spine. Just before entering the
stomach, the esophagus passes
through the diaphragm.
1. Runs from
pharynx to
stomach
through the
diaphragm
2. Conducts food
by peristalsis
3. Passageway
for food only
(respiratory
system
branches off
after the
pharynx

9. Stomach:-
The stomach is a muscular organ located
on the left side of the upper abdomen. It is
‘J’ shape organ and it is 25cm. long. The
stomach receives food from the esophagus.
As food reaches the end of the esophagus,
it enters the stomach through a muscular
valve called the lower esophageal
sphincter. The stomach secretes acid and
enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle
tissue called rugae line the stomach. The
stomach muscles contract periodically,
churning food to enhance digestion. The
pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that
opens to allow food to pass from the
stomach to the small intestine.

10. Drawand label a Stomach:-

11. Your practices

12. Function of Stomach:-
 Acts as a primary reservoir of food
 Temporary storage allowing time
for the digestive enzymes, pepsins,
to acts in digestion of food.
 Its peristaltic movement softens and
mixed the food with the gastric
juice. The food is liquefied to chime.
 Chemical digestion- pepsins convert
proteins to polypeptides.
 Secretion of local hormone gastrin.
 The gastric juice contains
hydrochloric acid which destroy
many microorganism present in
food and drink.
 Absorption of water, alcohol, lipid-
soluble drugs.
 Production and secretion of
intrinsic factors needed for
absorption of vitamin B12
 Regulation of the passage of gastric
contents into the duodenum.

13. Bloodsupplyof Stomach:-
01.Left gastric artery
02.Right gastric artery
03.Right gastroepiploic artery
04.Left gastroepiploic artery
05.Short gastric arteries(5-7)

14. Intestine
1.Large intestine
2.Smallintestine

15. Function of the small intestine:
1. Helps in onward movement of its
contents by peristalsis
2. Secretion of intestinal juice which
takes part in digestion
3. Completion of chemical digestion of
carbohydrate, protein, and fats
4. Protection from infection by
microorganism
5. Absorption of nutrients
6. Secretion of local hormones
cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretion
Function of the large intestine:
1. Absorption of water, salts,
vitamin and solutes.
2. Lubrication of faeces by
mucus
3. Microbial activity present
4. Mucoid secretion of the
large intestine is rich in
antibodies
5. Mass movement: is is also
under nervous (reflex)
control

16. Accessory Digestive Organs
Salivary glands
Teeth
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Saliva-producing glands
Saliva breaksdown starches
Three pairs exist:
 Parotid glands –
located anterior to ears
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

17. Parotid Gland
Parotid Gland
Submandibular Gland
Esophagus

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