This document discusses the human digestive system. It describes the main parts of the digestive system including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It explains the functions of each part and how they work together to digest food. The document also mentions the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder as organs that secrete enzymes and bile to aid in digestion. It provides details on how the digestive system works through the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients. Finally, it lists some common digestive system diseases and tips for maintaining a healthy digestive system.

1. ‫االهليه‬ ‫النسور‬ ‫جامعة‬
‫كلية‬
/
‫الصيدل‬
‫ة‬
0202
/
0202
‫محمد‬ ‫حردان‬ ‫احمد‬ ‫مصطفى‬ :‫االسم‬
‫االولى‬ :‫المرحلة‬
A1)
)
‫المادة‬
:
Histology
‫حسين‬ ‫علي‬ ‫عمار‬ ‫الدكتور‬ : ‫أشراف‬
"
"Report on the digestive system

2. Q/Explain the human digestive system?
The digestive system is one of the parts of the human
body, and it consists of a series of hollow organs that
start in the mouth, pass through the digestive system,
and end with the anus, and the digestive system in all its
parts is responsible for the process of digesting food and
liquids that a person consumes, and converting them
into fuel or Energy that the body uses to carry out vital
processes and its various activities, and this process is
carried out by all parts of the system, with the help of a
group of bacteria inside the intestine, which is called the
intestinal flora or the microbiome.

3. Parts of the digestive system
The digestive system consists of several parts,
and each has a complementary action to the
other, as follows:
1-The mouth: the mouth is the first part of the
digestive system, which is a cavity in which food is
chewed and swallowed, as it contains the teeth, salivary
glands, and the tongue. The teeth are divided into four
different types: incisors, premolars, canines and molars,
which are always 32 years old, all of which contribute to
The process of chewing food, while the salivary glands
destroy the starch in maltose by the amylase enzyme,
the salivary glands have three types of thought, which
are the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and
sublingual gland.
2-Esophagus: It is a channel that connects the
mouth and stomach, and food is released
through it.
3-Stomach: It is a hollow, muscular organ similar to a
sac. It has a capacity of 1 liter. The stomach destroys
food and turns it into a liquid state by mixing it and
treating it with strong acids and enzymes.

4. 4-Small intestine: The small intestine consists of the
duodenum and the duodenum, and fasting is a long
tube wrapped inside the abdomen in which food is
destroyed, and this process is done by contractions of
the small intestine, and the food is mixed with
secretions and digestive enzymes coming from the
pancreas and liver, then the food is absorbed into the
blood By a person's fasting and ileum.
5-Large intestine: It is a long, muscular tube,
consisting of the cecum and colon that receives waste
products, the rectum, and the remaining foods for
disposal.
Q/What are the organs attached to the
digestive system?And what are the functions?
Pancreas, liver and gallbladder: The pancreas breaks
down proteins, fats and carbohydrates through enzymes
that it secretes and sends to the small intestine, then
the liver secretes bile stored in the gallbladder, and then
secretes it into the small intestine to aid in digestion, in
addition to the role of the liver in purifying and cleaning
the blood coming from the small intestine.

5. Q/How does the digestive system work?
The function of the digestive system is to
digest and absorb food. Here is how the
digestive system works:
1-Eat and swallow food.
2-A series of contractions and diastole occurs in
the smooth muscles that line the wall of the
digestive tract, causing food to be pushed forward
along the digestive tract
3-Chemicals are destroyed chemically, as their
acidity is controlled by enzymes and liquids.
4-The mechanical digestion process that leads to
the breakdown of food and its conversion into
small parts begins through chewing and strong
muscle movement inside the stomach, as well as
due to the contraction of the muscles of the small
intestine.
5-Chemical digestion, due to the enzymes present
inside the stomach and small intestine, the food
chemicals are broken down into simple molecules

6. 6-Absorption phase, in which nutrients resulting
from the digestion of food are transported into the
lymph vessels and blood by passive diffusion or
active transport.
7-Finally, the remains of food and undigested
materials are eliminated through the removal
process.
Digestive system diseases
Some problems are found in the digestive system, which
may be caused by the type of food that a person eats, or
how he eats, or because of a genetic condition or
because of immunity False Saliva Common diseases that
affect the digestive system are:
Heartburn
.
Peptic ulcers
.
Diverticular disease
.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
.
The formation of stones in the gallbladder
.
Digestive strikes
.
Constipation
.
.Diarrhea

7. Q/How to maintain a healthy digestive
system?
You can take these steps to maintain a healthy
digestive system:
1-Eat a healthy, balanced and moderate diet
2-Exercise daily, if possible, or at least several times a
week
3-Avoid smoking
Maintaining weight within normal limits
-
4
5-Avoid and reduce stress