Inequities in health exist among Australians due to various factors including daily living conditions, quality of early life experiences, access to services and transport, socioeconomic status, social attributes like discrimination, and government policies and priorities. The quality of early life experiences, including genetic and environmental factors as well as the socioeconomic status of parents, influence an individual's development and access to resources in a way that can impact their future health and well-being. Social attributes such as social exclusion and discrimination can negatively impact health by disempowering and disconnecting individuals from society. Government policies determine the prioritization of health areas and populations for funding and support.

2. Why do inequities exist in the health
of Australians?
• Factors that create inequities:
o Daily Living Conditions
o Quality of early years of life
o Access to services and transport
o Socioeconomic factors
o Social Attributes eg, social exclusion,
discrimination
o Government policies and priorities eg.
economic, social,health

3. Daily Living Conditions
Peoples everyday environments including the
places they live, play and work.

4. Quality of early years of life
Genetic & Environmental factors
Genetics may give an individual a predisposition
to certain diseases and physiological factors

5. Quality of early years of life
Genetic & Environmental factors
Environmental factors influence an individual’s
development and access to services/resources.

6. Quality of early years of life
Socioeconomic Status of Parents
The socioeconomic status of the parents has a
bearing on a child’s potential to achieve good
health.

7. Quality of early years of life
Sociocultural Factors
Sociocultural factors play an important role in
development of an individual during their early
years, impacting their behaviour, self-worth,
beliefs and values.

8. HOW WOULD THESE FACTORS IMPACT
YOUR HEALTH?
Access to services
& transport
Low
socioeconomic
people are more
likely to use
primary health
care rather than
preventative
measures
Occupation
Level of education

9. Social Attributes
Australia is considered to be a very multicultural
society, with its own blend of races, values,
attitudes, religions and range socioeconomic
status that contribute to our overall patterns of
illness, death and health.

10. Social Attributes
Social exclusion
Social exclusion occurs when a community or
group shows bias against particular individuals,
which results in them being excluded or feeling
left out.
Individuals and groups can feel disempowered
and disconnected from mainstream society. This
can lead to anti-social behaviour such as
vandalism, self harm, withdrawal from society
and even homelessness.

12. Social Attributes
Discrimination
Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a
person or group based on factors such as sex,
race, cultural origins, age and disability.

13. Government Policies & Priorities
The Federal and state governments are
responsible for prioritising health care and
allocating funds to the general health areas and
specific population groups.

14. 2 LESSONS I am away..

15. Classwork while Miss is away!!
Students have been given a population that experiences inequities in
Australia.
This is individual work – no group work.
They are to design a prezi/powerpoint or video that answers the following
questions
• Nature of population – including health inequities they experience
• Extent of inequities
• Explain whether the ‘gap’ they are experiencing is decreasing or
increasing?
• Describe the impact of health determinants on their health
• Examine the media’s role in influencing social attitude towards population
• Evaluate 1 government intervention aimed at population
• Students will present these to the class. A one-page summary needs to be
created to give to the class.

16. 2 POINT FOCUS FOR TRIALS
YOU HAVE
COVERED
THIS IN…
CORE 1 &
OPTION 1

17. KEY IMPORTANT QUESTION…
AN INDIVIDUAL’S CHILDHOOD HAS WHAT
IMPACT ON YOUR ACCESS TO HEALTH AND/OR
PERCEPTION OF HEALTH?

18. QUALITY OF EARLY YEARS OF LIFE
WHAT ABOUT THESE?
GENETIC &
ENVIORNMENTAL
FACTORS
SOCIOECONOMIC
STATUS OF
PARENTS
SOCIOCULTURAL
FACTORS IN THE
EARLY YEARS
NOTE: SIMILAR TO
DETERMINANTS
OF HEALTH

19. QUALITY OF EARLY YEARS OF LIFE
ACTIVITY TIME

20. Australia is ranked as one of the healthiest nations
worldwide, however we know that not all Australians
experience the same level of health
• Social justice principles refer to values “that favour
measures that aim at decreasing or eliminating
inequity; promoting inclusiveness of diversity; and
establishing environments that are supportive of all
people.”
The social justice principles include:
equity, diversity and supportive environments.
WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT NEEDED?

21. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
ENABLING MEDIATING
ADVOCATING
ACTIONS THAT IMPROVE HEALTH

22. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
ENABLING MEDIATING
ADVOCATING
ACTIVTY: I GOT THE P, YOU GIVE ME THE ‘EE”
Forming partnerships with
individuals or groups to
empower them, through
mobilising human material
resources and using skills in
order to promote and protect
their health
Working to bring about
consensus and reconciling the
different interests of
individuals, communities and
sectors in a way that promotes
and protects health
Combination of individual and
social actions designed to speak
up for specific groups, gain
political commitment, policy
support, social acceptance and
systems support for a particular
health goal
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE
AND JUSTIFY ITS LINK
TO HEALTH

23. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
Empowering individuals in
disadvantaged circumstances
WHAT IS IT?
Empowering disadvantaged
communities
Improving access to essential
facilities and services
Encouraging economic and
cultural change

24. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
Empowering individuals in
disadvantaged circumstances
WHAT IS IT?
• Priority: Improve health
literacy = improved
knowledge
• More knowledge you have, the
better decisions you can make
• Access services/ problem
solving
• Adopt health promoting
behaviours
• Requires strong personal
support networks
Example?

25. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
WHAT IS IT?
• Priority: Instil connectedness
= feel empowered
• Empowered if they are a part
of the decision making process
• Community members to run
initiatives, programs, services
• HP more likely to meet the
needs of community
Empowering disadvantaged
communities
Example?

26. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
WHAT IS IT?
• Priority: Improve infrastructure
= more likely to seek treatment
earlier and on a more regular
basis
• Early intervention
• Health care workers/ support
personnel that reflect
community
Improving access to essential
facilities and services
Example?

27. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
WHAT IS IT?
• Priority: Government funding is
essential = supportive
environment & promotes better
health
• Financial support is needed for
minority groups so that their
health is prioritised
• Draw attention to their needs
and issues
• Encourage social change
through changing people’s
attitudes.
Encouraging economic and
cultural change
Example?

28. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
APPLICATION ACTIVITY
FOCUS QUESTION:
ANALYSE HOW IS THE ‘CLOSE THE GAP’
SCHEME UTLISING THE SOCIAL JUSTICE
FRAMEWORK?

29. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
HEALTH PROMOTION ANALYSIS
SO….
IF YOU ARE ASKED TO ANALYSE A HEALTH
PROMOTION INITIATIVE USING THE SOCIAL
JUSTICE FRAMEWORK… DO YOU STILL NEED
THE OTTAWA CHARTER?

30. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
HEALTH PROMOTION ANALYSIS

31. SOCIAL JUSTICE FRAMEWORK
HEALTH PROMOTION ANALYSIS

32. HOMEWORK
Extended response:
Using the social justice framework critically
analyse the effectiveness of health promotion
schemes aimed at priority population
• BAND 6 : 4-5 PAGES
• BAND 5: 3-4 PAGES
• BAND 4: 2-3 PAGES