1. The document discusses hridroga (heart disease) according to Ayurveda, including definitions, causes, types, and treatments.
2. The heart is seen as a vital organ (marma) that is the site of mind, consciousness, and channels of rasa and prana. Several types of hridroga are described based on doshas.
3. Treatments include snehana, shodhana, rasayana, and formulations depending on the dosha involved. Vataja hridroga potentially correlates to angina and other types correlate to modern cardiac conditions.
shotha nidana, poorva roopa, roopa, upashaya, samprapthi, chikitsa according to charaka, sushrutha, ashtanga hridaya, ashtanga sangaraha
you can get detail description on shotha from this presentation.
Rightly diagnosed is half cured so thorough examination of the patient is very much essential for the diagnosis and management of udara roga. Here an attempt made to understand udara roga in parlance with modern science which will be helpful for treating the patient at right time.
shotha nidana, poorva roopa, roopa, upashaya, samprapthi, chikitsa according to charaka, sushrutha, ashtanga hridaya, ashtanga sangaraha
you can get detail description on shotha from this presentation.
Rightly diagnosed is half cured so thorough examination of the patient is very much essential for the diagnosis and management of udara roga. Here an attempt made to understand udara roga in parlance with modern science which will be helpful for treating the patient at right time.
NADI PAREEKSHA -it is the ancient form of pulse diagnosis which is included under ashtasthana pariksha.Examination of patient with certain criterias is detailed in Pariksha of Ayurveda.Detailed description of examination of Nadi (the pulse) from various references in Ayurveda including samhitas and other specific texts.
astasthana pareeksha-
1.Nadi -The pulse
2.Mootram – The urine
3.Malam --The faeces
4.Jihwa – The tongue
5.Sabda – The voice
6.Sparsa – Examination by palpation
7.Drik -- The eyes
8.Akriti – Dimentions of the body
in Ayurveda,Ashtashana pareeksha is one among the different
methods of rogi pareeksha.
• It is mentioned in yogaratnakara.
• Here the physician examines 8 specific sites of patients.
prakriti assessment tool, explained aboput genomics and prakriti relation, evidence based researches done on prakriti and explained in this ppt.helpful for the 1st bams according NCISM syllabus.
rheumatic fever, cause and risk factors explained., pathogenesis of the acute RF, clinical manifestations mentioned properly by pictures, medical management ACC to modern science.
Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition of the lung. It is a permanent dialation of the bronchi or bronchioles in the lungs due to other pathological conditions like cystic fibrosis/ pulmonary tuberculosis etc., . etiology, pathology, clinical features diagnostic crieteria to identify the cause of bronchiectasis, management, and preventive measures. differential diagnosis is key point to finding the actual disease condition of the lung.
Muscular Dystrophy : Description about Myopathy, types, Muscular dystrophy eitiological factors, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment explained in this ppt.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
3. INTRODUCTION
• The word Hridaya in Ayurveda means heart.
According to Ayurveda, it is a site of Mana(mind),
Chetana(consciousness) and origin of Rasavaha and
Pranavaha Srotasa (body channels)
• Acharya Sushruta has described another specific
Hridroga named Hritshool which can be correlates with
Angina or Ischemic Heart Disease (CAD) as per
modern sciences.
• According to Ayurvedic texts Hridaya is described as a
Marma and its measurement is Musthi Pramana Also,
it is a site of Vyana Vayu, Sadhaka Pitta, Avlambaka
Kapha, Oja and Rasa Dhatu.
4. HRUDAYA –
HRU - means Harathi [ to receive from ]
DA – means Dadati [ To give ]
YA – means yagati [ to control ]
Hridroga is a disease of marma
(vitalorgan) which is the seat of
many vital activities.
Definition of the heart disease,
etiology, pathogenes is and
management has been described in
Charak samhitha sutra, chikitsa
10. TYPES OF HRIDROGA - LAXNAS
VATAJA
HRIDROGA
PITTAJA
HRIDROGA
KAPHAJA
HRIDROGA
SANNIPATHAJA
HRIDROGA
KRIMIJA
HRIDROGA
• VEPATHU -
FIBRILLATION
• VESTANAM –
CARDIAC
CRAMPS
• STHAMBA –
PAUSES IN
CARDIAC
BEATS
• PRAMOHA –
STUPOR
• SHUNYATA –
EMPTINESS IN
CARDIAC
REGION
• DARAH-
MURMUR
• HRITDAHA –
BURNING
SENSATION
AT HEART
REGION
• TIKTATA
VAKTRE –
BITTER TASTE
IN MOUTH
• AMLODGARA
-SOUR
ERUCTATION
• KLAMA –
EXHAUSTION
• TRISHNA,
MURCHA,
BRAMA,SWED
• SUPTHAM –
NUMBNESS
• STHIMITHA
BHARIKAM-
STIFFNESS
AND
HEAVYNESS
• TANDRA-
DROWSINESS
• ARUCHI-
ANOREXIA
ALL THE
TRIDOSA
DOMINANT
TYPES OF
HRIDROGA
• SEVERE PAIN,
• KANDU
• SHASTRAIRJA
TA
• MAHARUJAM
11. TREATMENT
PAIN
(KAPHA)
Immediate after food Devadaru kusta, tilvaka
saindava and
souvarchala lavana with
warm water
PAIN (PITHA) During the digestion Purgation with draksha,
kasmarya
PAIN (VATHA) After the digestrion Purgation with oil, ghee
etc.,
PAIN (TRIDOSHA) All the three periods Theekshna virechana
VATHAJA – Snehana (Bahya and Abhyantara), Vamana,
Basti(su.ut)
PITTAJA - Sitala pradeha, pariseka, Mriduvirechana,
KAPHAJA – Vamana, Langhana, Rasayana prayoga,
Basti
SANNIPATAJA – Langana, Purification based on
predominant dosa
KRIMIJA – Snehana, Virechana, Nasya
12. Vataja Hridroga: Can correlate Vataja Hruday Roga
with angina. Due to Laghu and Ruksha Guna Vata
aggravates and cause hardness and calcification of
arterial wall.
Pittaja Hridroga: Can correlates with Pericarditis and
Inflammatory disease of heart
Kaphaja Hridroga: Can be correlate with Myocardial
Infarction because of heaviness feels in MI.
Sannipataj Hridroga: Due to Vata, Pitta, Kapha, all
symptoms are present in Sannipataj Hridroga. It can
13. ACCORDING TO MODERN SCIENCE
• According to modern science heart is a
hollow muscular organ that pumps and
circulate blood throughout the body . Heart is
located near the anterior chest wall, posterior
to the sternum and surrounded by the cavity
called as pericardial cavity.
•
• Main two factors are responsible first one is
obstruction in the lumen of coronary Arteries
due to hypercholesterolemia (Sama Dosha) and
second one is spasm (Vikrut Gati Of Vata dosha
Sankoch due to increased Vata Dosha) of
14. All conditions may cause following
consequences
A. Asymptomatic state
B. Angina Pectoris
C. Acute Myocardial Infraction (MI
D. Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
/Myocardial Fibrosis
E. Sudden Cardiac death.
15. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart
and blood vessels. They include:
▪ Coronary heart disease – a disease of the blood vessels supplying
the heart muscle;
▪ Cerebrovascular disease – a disease of the blood vessels supplying
the brain;
▪ Peripheral arterial disease – a disease of blood vessels supplying
the arms and legs;
▪ Rheumatic heart disease – damage to the heart muscle and heart
valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria;
▪ Congenital heart disease – birth defects that affect the normal
development and functioning of the heart caused by
malformations of the heart structure from birth; and
▪ Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism – blood clots in the
leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.
