This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
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This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
1. Historical Background of the Pallavas and the legacy of their Architecture
2. Aspects and Architectural Techniques of Monolithic Temple Architecture of the Pallavas
3. Origin of the Monolithic Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Monolithic Architectural Aspects of the Panchapandava Rathas at Mahabalipuram
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Matriparishad Composition, Functions and Scope Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
The PPP is on Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Kahjuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India for the students of UG on its architecture and art with its historical background.
The slide is not for my API, It is for the students. .
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic and general information on the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
1. Historical Background of the Pallavas and the legacy of their Architecture
2. Aspects and Architectural Techniques of Monolithic Temple Architecture of the Pallavas
3. Origin of the Monolithic Architecture in Tamil Nadu
4. Monolithic Architectural Aspects of the Panchapandava Rathas at Mahabalipuram
history of architecture. IV _ KAILASHNATH TEMPLE.pptxSanobarseher
The Kailasanathar temple, also referred to as the Kailasanatha temple, is a Pallava-era historic Hindu temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Dedicated to Shiva, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Matriparishad Composition, Functions and Scope Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
The PPP is on Kandariya Mahadeva temple, Kahjuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India for the students of UG on its architecture and art with its historical background.
The slide is not for my API, It is for the students. .
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Chola Temples with Special Reference to TanjavurVirag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information on Art and Architecture of the Chola Temples of Tanjore. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and recommended research article.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” Virag Sontakke
This presentation is prepared for the BA students to get basic information of Pattadakal temple. This presentation is incomplete and students advised to get the further and proper information from subjective books and research article.
Temple Architecture of Early Chalukyas “Pattadkal” .pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
समुद्री व्यापार.pptx Maritime Trade in IndiaVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Military Administration and Ethics of War .pdfVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Megalithic Culture of India, Megalithic Culture of Penisular IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Painted Grey Ware.pptx, PGW Culture of IndiaVirag Sontakke
Presentation Lines
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
गुप्त कालीन अर्थव्यवस्था .pptx, Economy of Gupta PeriodVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptx, प्राचीन भारतीय वैदिक अर्थव्यवस्था.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Origin of physical form and structures in Indian architecture.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Town Planning depicted in Kautilya Arthashatra.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
Origin of physical form and structures in Indian architecture.pptxVirag Sontakke
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. Introduction
• The Hoysalas were successors of Chalukyas.
• The Hoysala period (1026 CE – 1343 CE) was marked by
illustrious achievements in Temple architecture, art, and culture.
• The nucleus of this activity lay in the Mysore, Halebidu, Hassan
district of Karnataka.
• The most remarkable accomplishment of this era lies,
undoubtedly, in the field of architecture.
• For 200 years (1100-1300 CE) Hoysala’s constructed several
temples.
• Temples of Hoysala are not only significant for their
architectural value but also important for sculptural beauty.
• Their architectural style known as Later Chalukya Style or
Hoysala style.
5. Features of Hoysala style
1. Plan of the temple: Stellate plan
2. Multiple Girbhgruha: 2,3, &4
3. Constructed on high plinth: reached by steps (9-10 feet),
horizontal bands
4. No pradakshinapath: outer plinth
5. Pillars: lathe technique (mechanically made)
6. Sculptures on pillar brackets: मदनिकाएँ
7. Shikhra : not tall, enormously decorated
8. Outer decoration on wall: Extremely ornate, windows, scuptures
9. Situated in Prakara
10. More focus upon art & decoration
6.
7. Basic features of the Hoysala Temple
• Stellate plan
• Multiple Shrine, (one to five )
1. Garbhagriha: कोष्ठ
2. Antarala (vestibule)
3. Mandapa (a pillared hall known as the navaranga):
नवरंग
4. In few temples Mukhamandapa also structured
• Intricate carving : work of Ivory, Sandalwood,
Goldsmith, silver filigree
• Use of Greenish or bluish-black chloritic schist
(soapstone) which is much finer grains. Helpful for
intricate carving and decoration
8. Basic Elements of the Hoysala Temple
• Sometimes, the Hoysala temple consisted of double, triple,
quadruple and even quintuple garbhagriha.
• Generally the plinth plan was star-shaped,
• The typical Hoysala temple rested on a platform or jagati
which was harmonious with star-shaped nature of the
constructions.
• This feature was of immense architectural value for it gave
some sense of height to the temple
• Mandapa, Pillared hall, Navranga
• Multiple entrances from the platform into the Navranga.
• Nandi mandapa containing a large stone bull.
• Basically situated outside the building and opposite to
each shrine on the east.
9. On the adhisthana
number of bands
displaying animate
sculptured designs,
which ran right round
the temple
1. Gajathara
2. Horsemen
3. Floral scroll
4. Kirtimukh
5. Goose (राजहंस)
6. Yuli (जलचर)
10. Pillars
• Marvel of ancient
engineering
• Technique: Lathe
turned pillars
• Regional ornate
style
• Madnika on
brackets
• Development of the
Dravidian style
• Mixture of tradition
and technology.
11. Decorative Aspect
• Ornate niches consist elaborately chiselled images
of the gods within them.
• Hoysala sculptor concentrated only on the exterior
surface by varying specific forms.
• Various god and goddesses are displayed outside
niches
• The Interior walls of the temple were generally left
undecorated.
• A vestibule to the shrine was Indicated by the
Sukanasi (a parrots beak) projection at the front of
the shikhara.
15. Channa Keshav Temple
• Channa Keshav Temple situated in Belur of Hasan District.
• Constructed in 1117 CE. (Percy Brown)
• Build by Vishnuvardhan to commemorates the Victory over Chola
• Deity called Vijay Narayan, Channa Keshav Temple: handsome Kesava ,
contemporary to Ramanuja.
• Enclosed in Prakara
• Total 118 inscriptions found dated between 1117 CE to the 18th century.
• It was repeatedly damaged and plundered during wars, repeatedly rebuilt
and repaired over its history.
• The temple was raided, damaged and its gateway was burnt down in a raid
by a Muslim general Salar and his army working for Muhammed bin
Tughlaq (1324-1351 CE)
• The temple was repaired by the later dynasties
• The complex has a number of shrines.
17. Basic elements
• Channa Keshav Temple temple is a ekakuta style.
• Size of the temple of 10.5 m by 10.5 m size.
• Stands on high ornamental Jagati which is open and
wide
• It also act as circumambulatory path around the
sanctum.
• Flight of steps leading to the Jagati and
• The Jagati (platform) follows the square design of
the temple mandapa and the star shape of the shrine.
• Also another flight of steps into the mandapa.
• Intricate and abundant artwork both on the outside and
inside the temple.
18. Mandapa (navaranga)
• Mandapa has entry from 3 sides (North,
south, East)
• The Mandapa has forty eight pillars.
• Doorways of Mandapa are decorated
with dvarapalaka on either side.
• Initially porch like appearance
• Later Ballal II added pierced stone
windows
• 40 Madnikas (female sculptures) are
shown in pillar Brackets
• The Madnikas are in various poses like
dancing, acting posture, musicians,
dressing, doing make up, a woman with
a parrot, dressing hair etc.
• The navaranga in Kesava temple is the
largest of any Hoysala temple.
19.
20. Garbhagriha
• The mandapa leads to the Garbhagriha through antarala.
• Decorated doarway
• Garbhagriha door flanked by Dwarapala,
• An image of Keshava, stands on a 3 feet high platform
situated inside the Garbhagriha .
• The temple had a Shikhara, which was damaged and
destroyed
21. Pillars
• Pillars are elaborately carved and
each has different design.
• The navaranga hall has 48 pillars.
• Except the central four all others
are elaborately carved (added
later to support the
superstructure).
• Narsimha Pillar and Mohini
Pillars are significant
22. Outer Decoration
• Elaborately Carved
• The bottom band is of
elephants
• Above it is an plain layer,
followed by cornice work
with a periodic lion face
• Over that a row of horsemen
in various riding positions
• Small figurines is a fifth band
(female, dancers and
Musicians)
• The bands above pilasters are
carved with females and
couples, scenes of the epic
Ramayana and Mahabharata,
eroticism and sexual scenes,
daily activities of people,
23. Sculptures
• The temple consist 80
large icons around the
temple
1. Vishnu 32
2. Avatar 9
3. Shiva 4
4. Surya 4
5. Durga 5
6. Others
32. Hoysalesvara Temple at Halebid
• Hoysalesvara Temple is situated in a small town Halebid.
• It is 30 km from Hassan and 210 km from Bangalore, in
Hasan district.
• It is intact and situated the capital of the Hoysala empire.
• This is largest monument and perhaps the greatest ever
constructed in Dwarasamudra.
• It is rightly be regarded as a veritable museum of
sculpture; with its thousands of large and small carved
figures.
• These figures depict the condition of art and life during
the reign of the Hoysalas.
• This temple is the largest existing structure of the Hoysala
style.
33.
34. Backdrop
• Its construction started around 1121 CE and was
complete in 1160 CE.
• Temple dedicated to Shiva
• The temple complex as a whole is placed on a Jagati
(15’ wide).
• Dwikuta vimana (plan of twin shrines and two
superstructures)
• Twin Garbhgiha dedicated to the Hoysalesvara and
Santalesvara Lingas (north-south).
• The two temples are of the same size, and their
sanctums open to the east,
• Front of the temple has two separate Nandi Mandapa
37. Elements
The two sanctums are next to each other in a north-south alignment
1. Cruciform on Plan (four entrances)
2. Garbhagriha (twin)
3. Antaral (suknasi)
4. Mandap (Navrang) attachment
5. Nandi Mandap
6. Share joint platform (15 feet high)
7. No Pradakshina Path
8. Entry from Hoysalesvara Temple
9. Main temple, connected by stone stairs
10. Shikhra now lost must have followed the star shape design
11. Shuknasika over the Antarala (missing)
40. • Temple situated on a high platform
• Both Garbhagriha are of equal size.
• Has three niches on the north, west and south
interior and exterier
• The entrance are flanked by dwarapala
• Temple built of greyish soapstone
• It had an open Mandapa, the mantapa was
closed by Hoysala king Narasimha I.
• The interior walls of the temple are quite plain
compared to the outer wall,
• Their outer walls are star-shaped
• The pillars are ornate have
the Madnikas sculptures in their pillar brackets.
• Corresponding to these can be seen tall two-
storeyed towered niches on the exterior.
• Dimensions: 112’ length, 100’ width
• 4 gateway
• Small shrines at the
entrance
• अष्टभद्र गभभगृह
41. Art
• The artwork in Hoysaleswara temple is damaged though largely
intact.
• Outer walls of the temple are intricately carved.
• Base of the temple consist of numerous bands of elephants, lions,
scrolls and miniature dancers, horses, scrolls, scenes from epics and
Puranas.
• The outer walls of the Hoysaleswara temple encompasses 340 large
reliefs
• Sculptures of Gods, men and ornamental designs cover almost every
square foot of space on its outer walls.
• According to S. Settar “It is a manual of Hindu iconography",
• Each masterpiece signed by the the creator.
• Fine grained chloritic schist used for sculptural art
42. 1: Elephants;
2: lions;
3: thin miniature scroll;
4: horsemen in
different postures;
5: thin miniature scroll;
6: friezes narrating
legends;
7: makaras;
8: Swan and peacocks;
9: Daily life of people
alternately standing and
sitting;
10: mythical creatures,
festivals, ceremonies;
11: mithuna (eroticism,
sex), various
occupations, some
mythical scenes;
12: large image panels
(deities, spiritual stories
from Hindu texts)
44. Harihar
Subject of Sculptures
1. Shiva: as Umamahesvara, as
Nataraja and destroyer of
various demons, Dakshinamurti ,
Bhairava
2. Shakti: Durga,
Mahishasuramardini, Kali and
others
3. Vishnu: Various Avtara
4. Harihara:
5. Ganesha:
6. Kartikeya:
7. Brahma:
8. Saraswati:
9. Indra,
10.Surya and others
11.Etc.
47. • Outer walls appears like a sculptural gallery
• Extensively ornate
• Depicted varies god and goddesses
48.
49.
50. Name of Artists
1. Manibalaki,
2. Mabala,
3. Ballana,
4. Bochana,
5. Ketana,
6. Bama,
7. Balaki and
8. Revoja etc.
51. • These temple are the beauty of South India.
• Percy Brown "supreme climax of Indian architecture"
• These are majestic and worthy of being the greatest ever by
Hoysala.
• Perfect blend of art and architecture
• Great technical skill has been displayed by the sculptor.
• Hoysala temple is remarkable for its architecture, sculptures,
reliefs, friezes as well its iconography, inscriptions and history.
• It also shows the theological perspectives of Hoysala Empire rule.
Conclusion