5G has evolved over generations of wireless technology to support new services beyond enhanced mobile broadband like ultra-reliable low latency communications and massive machine type communications. These new services enable applications for industries like tele-operated transport. 5G trials are exploring use cases for cross-border tele-operated transport involving automated barges, platooning of trucks, and remote vehicle takeover. Consortia are working to validate 5G technologies, develop business models, and address regulatory challenges to realize the promise of 5G for enabling new automated and connected mobility applications.

1. 5G
Photo: Felipe Pelaquim
Johann M. Marquez-Barja
Professor @ imec – UAntwerp
Head of Wireless Cluster @ IDLab/imec-UAntwerp

2. 2
Disclaimer
Within this set of slides some third party copyrighted material is reused under the ‘fair use’
approach, for educational purposes only.
ACK
imec IDLabWireless Cluster (UAntwerpen + UGent)

3. imec is
the world-leading R&D and innovation hub
in nanoelectronics and digital technology.

4. GHENT
SMART APPLICATIONS
LEUVEN
HEADQUARTERS
ANTWERP
CITY OF THINGS (CITYLAB)
SMARTHIGWAY

5. USA
SAN FRANCISCO
BELGIUM
LEUVEN HQ - GHENT
THE NETHERLANDS
EINDHOVEN
INDIA
BANGALORE
TAIWAN
HSINCHU
CHINA
SHANGHAI
JAPAN
TOKYO
JAPAN
OSAKA
USA
ORLANDO

6. SEMICONDUCTOR & SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES
CORE
CMOS
PATTERNING
TECHNOLOGY
LOGIC
TECHNOLOGY
MEMORY
TECHNOLOGY
INTERCONNECT
TECHNOLOGY
3D INTEGRATION
OPTICAL I/O
SENSOR
TECHNOLOGY
FLEXIBLE
TECHNOLOGY
APPLICATION DOMAINS
SMART HEALTH SMART MOBILITY SMART CITIES SMART INDUSTRIES SMART ENERGY
NETWORKING DIGITAL PRIVACY &
SECURITY
SOFTWARE & DATA
MANAGEMENT SKILLS
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
Centralized team in Leuven (BE) & Eindhoven (NL) Embedded within universities

7. 110+ researchers
part of and
Connectivity, IoT & 5G Distributed AI

8. 8
5G
It is always good to look back…
Photo: Fran
How did we end-up here?

9. 9
5G
Actually…
it is better to look
further back…
Photo: Fran
How did we end-up here?

10. Electromagnetic waves… wireless transmissions.
10
• Electricity
• Magnetism
• Charge is
source of
electric fields
• …
1864
Transmit
(generate, send,
receive) an
electromagnetic
wave
~1887
• Send / Receive
Radio signal
• Added
information to
radio wave
1895
Bounded by physics!

11. 11
5G
It is always good to look back…
…understanding the driving factors in
the generations
Photo: Fran
How did we end-up here?

12. 12
§ Voice… for people’s consumption.
§ Data… for people’s consumption.
§ Data… for people’s consumption.
§ More Data… for people’s consumption.

13. 13
§ more Data?
§ SERVICES!
§ Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
§ Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
§ Massive Machine Type Communications
(mMTC)
§ … for people’s consumption AND the
for the consumption by things/machines.

14. Photo: Andrew Petrov
5G

15. 15
§ SERVICES!
§ Enhanced Mobile Broadband
(eMBB)
§ Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
§ Massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC)
IMTVision - "Framework and overall objectives of the future
development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”
09/2015

16. 16
IMTVision - "Framework and
overall objectives of the future
development of IMT for 2020
and beyond”
09/2015
To achieve ultra-low latency, the data and control
planes may both require significant enhancements
and new technical solutions addressing both the
radio interface and network architecture aspects.

17. 17
…require significant enhancements and new technical solutions addressing both
the radio interface and network architecture aspects.
RAN
Network
Architecture
Core
Fronthaul /
Backhaul
Radio
softwarization
end-to-end
orchestration
Network
softwarization
Spectrum sharing
/ efficiency
Splitting
functionality
VNF /
Functionality
MEC
CLOUD
Bounded by physics!

18. 18
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
Massive Machine Type Communications
(mMTC)
2019-06-07 (Frozen) 2020-07-03 (Frozen)

19. 19
Enhanced Mobile
Broadband (eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
Massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC)
2022-06-10 (Frozen)

20. 20
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
(eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
Massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC)
Promise:
Reality:

21. 21
Enhanced Mobile Broadband
(eMBB)
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency
Communication (URLLC)
Massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC)
Promise:
Reality:

22. Photo: Andrew Petrov
5G

23. 23
VERTICALS,TRIALS,
RESEARCH

24. Vertical Markets
“The true differentiator for 5G is the vertical markets. If we fail with the
verticals, we fail with 5G.”
Jean-Pierre Bienaimé
24

25. 25
SERVICES!
§ Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
§ Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)
§ Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)
… for people’s
(B2C) consumption AND the for
the consumption by
things/machines
(verticals = B2B)
?

26. 5G Reality!
26
Europe
Dec 2020

27. 5G Reality!
27
Europe
Dec 2020

28. 5G Reality!
28
Worldwide
Dec 2020

29. 5G Reality!
29
IT perception…

30. 5G Reality!
30
Europe - CAM

31. 5G-BLUEPRINT IN A NUTSHELL
31
TELE-OPERATEDTRANSPORT
TECHNOLOGY – 5G NETWORK & ENABLING FUNCTIONS
Fast Reliable Secure Guaranteed Cross-border
GOVERNANCE
ECONOMICS
• Reduction of waiting time
• Reduction labour shortage
• Economic growth
• Safer driving
• Facilitator automated mobility
• Complex business model
• MNO SLA's
• ToD service SLA's
• Legislation
• Certification
• Liability
• Data sharing and GDPR
C H A L L E N G E S

32. 5G-BLUEPRINT ULTIMATE GOAL
32
5G-Blueprint designs and validates a technical architecture,
business and governance model for uninterrupted cross-
borderTele-Operated transport based on 5G connectivity
TECHNOLOGICAL BUSINESS REGULATORY

33. 33
UC2: Automated driver in loop docking
UC1: Automated barge control
UC3: CACC based platooning
UC4: Remote take over
Vlissingen and Antwerp port
Vlissingen and Antwerp port
Cross border on public road
Cross border on public road
Tele-Operated
crane
USE CASES

34. 34
Automated barge control
Tele-Operator
Input to
barge
Visual feedback to
Tele-Operator
UC1 Automated barge control
UC2 Automated driver in loop docking
UC3 CACC based platooning
UC4 Remote take over
USE CASES

35. 35
CACC based
platooning
Automated driver in
loop docking
Container placed
in truck
Path following error
determination
Sensor to
localize
vehicle
Docking gates
Input to
crane
Mathematical model-based
feedback
Visual feedback to
Tele-Operator
UC1 Automated barge control
UC2 Automated driver in loop docking
UC3 CACC based platooning
UC4 Remote take over
USE CASES

36. 36
V2V Communication
CACC based platooning
Input
to
vehicle
UC1 Automated barge control
UC2 Automated driver in loop docking
UC3 CACC based platooning
UC4 Remote take over
Tele-Operator
Visual feedback to
Tele-Operator
USE CASES

37. 37
UC1 Automated barge control
UC2 Automated driver in loop docking
UC3 CACC based platooning
UC4 Remote take over
Remote take over operation
Input
to
vehicle
Tele-Operator
Visual feedback to
Tele-Operator
USE CASES

38. ENABLING FUNCTIONS
EF1 Enhanced awareness dashboard
EF2 Vulnerable Road User (VRU) interaction
EF3 Timeslot reservation at intersections
EF4 Distributed perception
EF5 Active collision avoidance
EF6 Container ID recognition
EF7 ETA sharing
EF8 Logistics chain optimization
• Speed advice
• Warnings
• Navigation and routing features
TELE-OPERATION COCKPIT
EF2
EF3
EF4 EF6
EF7
EF8
EF5
38
Concise messages on

39. PILOT AREA
39
VLISSINGEN SITE
• Tele-Operation
• Gracefully degrading safety fallback
• Tele-Operation station for operator
• Cameras at terminal
• Docking service
• Logistics chain optimization
ZELZATE CROSS-BORDER SITE
• Tele-Operation
• Gracefully degrading safety fallback
• Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control
(CACC)
NORTH SEA PORT-ANTWERP-
ROTTERDAM TRANSPORT CORRIDOR
PORT OF ANTWERP SITE
• Tele-Operation
• Gracefully degrading safety fallback
• Tele-Operation station for operator
• Cameras at terminal
• Docking service
• Logistics chain optimization

40. CONSORTIUM AS A WHOLE
Network
Operators Vehicle OEM
Tele-operation
OEMs
Transport
Connected Mobility
sector Research institutes
National
governments
Business
accelerator
Software
Ports
Logistics
Advisory Board (Consortium Ring 2)
Regional
governments Insurance company
Emergency
service operator
Logistics sector

41. …validation in imec test labs
• Validate automotive requirements for
automated driving with industry in real-life trials
• Key technologies: phase 1: 3GPP LTE-V [C-V2X]
(+MEC), IEEE 802.11p [ITS-G5]; phase 2: 5G
Scalable and reliableV2X….
Imec’sV2X testbed – “smart highway”
For validated & reliableV2X communication
41

42. RSU Hardware
First RSU installed on the highway
42

43. Distributed
Sensor Fusion
OBU car unit, with
processing unit, CAN
box & power system
OBU roof unit, with
V2X communication
platforms & LIDAR
processing unit
LIDAR
Vehicle testbed
43
Hybrid testing environment
Model-
in-the-
loop
ML-based
hybrid models
Modeling and simulation-based learning
ITS-G5
C-V2X

44. Other EU initiatives
44
5G for Connected and Automated Road
Mobility in the European unioN
5G for cooperative & connected auto-
mated MOBIility on X-border corridors
Dynamic coverage Extension and
Distributed Intelligence for human Centric
Applications with assured security,
privacy, and Trust: from 5G to 6G
Vertical Innovations
in Transport And Logistics over
5G experimentation facilities
Network intelligence
for aDAptive and
sElf-Learning
MObile Networks
Connected Corridor for
Driving Automation

45. Take away message
45
§ What is holding us back?
§ Regulation?
§ Spectrum?
§ Business models?
§ B2C ?
§ Technology readiness / adoption?
§ Remarks
§ 5G is a promise becoming reality
§ We are unleashing the potential of 5G
§ The best is yet to come
Bounded by physics!

46. 46
JOHANN MARQUEZ-BARJA
PROFESSOR
HEAD OF THE WIRELESS CLUSTER
IMEC-IDLAB UANTWERPEN
BELGIUM
johann.marquez-barja@imec.be
johann.marquez-barja@uantwerpen.be