How to write a research proposal
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This document outlines the 8 main steps for writing a research paper: 1. Select a topic that is interesting, specific, relevant, and well-documented. Reading reviews can help limit the topic. 2. Prepare to write by finding references from written texts, audio-visual materials, and taking notes on sources. 3. Select the sources that will be used for the particular paper, considering at least two points of view. 4. Define the methods and methodology, explaining why particular research methods were used and reviewing relevant literature. 5. Argue objectively without summarizing or arguing a point of view. 6. Check for plagiarism, adequate sources, and object
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Study Guide for Critically Reading Scholarly Articles
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How to write a research proposal
- 1. Fundamentals of writing a research paper
- 2. Step 1. Select the topic/ Choose a problem
- 3. The topic should be: – Interesting for the author – Specific – Relevant – Well documented Reading reviews is an excellent way to limit your topic.
- 4. Step 2. Preparing to write: look for references
- 5. References can be: -Written texts: books, chapters of a book, reviews, articles on journals, documents (such as a constitutions), an unpublished research, notes. -Audio-visual texts: videos, pictures, interviews. Organize the sources. Use any type of good reading and summarizing resource. Always: take notes of the place where the source was found.
- 6. Step 3. select the sources that will be used
- 7. Once you have read and summarized the information, you can decide which sources you will use for one particular paper. Consider at least two different and contrasting points of view, theories, sources of information in order to present an objective vision of the topic.
- 8. Step 4. The Methodology
- 9. Method: - Technical steps taken to do research. - Define your methods. - Explain the reason for their use. - Outline of the procedures you use to select, gather and process the data. Methodology: - Discussion of the underlying reasoning why particular methods were used. - It inlcudes the description of the theoretical concepts that inform the choice of methods. - It reviews the relevance to examine the research problem. - This discussion also includes a thorough review of the literature about methods other scholars have used to study the topic.
- 10. Groups of Research Methods The Empirical-analytical Approach: - It focuses on objective knowledge. - The research questions can be answered yes or no. - Employs deductive reasoning that uses existing theories as a foundation for testing hypotheses. - It focuses on explanations The Interpretative Approach: - It is focused in the interpretative methods. - It reveals the meaning-making practices of human subjects. - It shows how human practices arrange so that it can generate observable outcomes. - It allows to recognize your connection to phenomena under study. - It focuses on subjective knowledge so it requires careful interpretation of variables.
- 11. Step 5. argue you objectivity
- 12. A paper is not… -A summary. -An essay. -A field research. A paper is not written to find solutions or argue your point of view on an issue. A paper is an argumentative and polyphonic type of text.
- 13. Step 6. check the internal validity of the paper
- 14. Make sure you are not plagiarizing. Make sure that you are using adequate sources of information. Make sure that the topic you will develop takes into consideration a variety of points of view. Make sure that you are being objective.
- 15. Step 7: proofreading your paper
- 17. Step 8: write your paper
- 18. Plan the structure of the text. Develop the topic. Conclude with an objective view based on the information you have used in your paper. Check the use of the sources: not mentioning the source of the information when you paraphrase is also plagiarism. Correct and edit your paper. Do not forget to include the list of references used in the paper.
- 19. Structure of a research paper Abstrac. Introduction. Literature review. Methodology. Results. Discussion. Conclusion.
- 20. For more information, check: lbguides.usc.edu Organizing your social sciences research paper.
- 21. Thanks!