The Corning Pretium EDGE® Tap Module allows passive tapping into optical networks for monitoring purposes. The modules contain splitters that divide each optical signal into two
outputs, one for network link traffic and one for monitoring.
Design and Realization of 2.4GHz Branch-line CouplerQuang Binh Pham
This project report describes the design and measurement of a 2.4GHz branch-line coupler. Binh Pham Quang designed the coupler using ADS software, simulating both the schematic and electromagnetic models. Key steps included calculating transmission line impedances from design specifications, synthesizing physical dimensions, and tuning for optimal performance. The coupler was then fabricated on an RO4350B substrate and measured using a vector network analyzer. Results showed good agreement with simulations, achieving high reflection coefficient, coupling, and directivity near the target frequency.
Introduction to Mode Conditioning Patch CableJo Wang
Mode conditioning patch cord (MCP) was developed as a solution for network applications where Gigabit Ethernet hubs with laser based transmitters are deployed. It is a special fiber optic patch cord and allows customer upgrading their hardware technology without the cost of upgrading fiber plant. In addition, MCP significantly improves data signal quality while increasing the transmission distance. The text will give some detailed information about mode conditioning patch cable.
The document discusses Compex Mesh@work, a wireless mesh networking solution. It provides an overview of key features such as mesh technology, security, management capabilities, and use cases. The agenda covers features, setup instructions, advanced configuration options, performance testing, and deployment scenarios. Configuration topics include transmit power, SSH passwords, firmware updates, channels, and individual node settings. Scenarios described are for hotspots, cameras, fast roaming, and using MeshSpan for long-distance backhaul links.
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile
communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving
the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible
to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper,
we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of
uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel.
This document provides an internship report from Siddhant Bajpai at Bharti Airtel Ltd. covering topics related to mobile communication technologies including optical fiber communication, cellular generations from 1G to 4G, the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network architecture, and components like the base transceiver station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visiting location register. The report also includes a chapter on the OSI model and SS7 layers, and examines the call flow process in GSM networks.
This document provides an overview of extending the reach of 100 Gb/s multimode parallel optic links. It begins with introductions to fiber optics and standards. Test results are presented for transmitter and receiver modules showing performance over 300m of fiber, exceeding the 100m standard. Specifically, the transmitter results show minimal degradation in spectral width, mask margin, and jitter over fiber. Receiver results demonstrate meeting the mask, jitter and sensitivity specifications over 300m with worst-case transmitters. The conclusions state that 100GbE VCSEL modules can successfully operate over longer distances without significant performance impacts.
IRJET-Review of Massive MIMO, Filter Bank Multi Carrier and Orthogonal Freque...IRJET Journal
This document reviews Massive MIMO, Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It discusses that Massive MIMO uses a large number of antennas at base stations to serve more users simultaneously and achieve higher data rates. FBMC is presented as an alternative to OFDM that does not require cyclic prefixes, improving bandwidth efficiency. Key differences between OFDM and FBMC include OFDM's use of cyclic prefixes and weaker spectral localization. The document concludes that Massive MIMO and FBMC can help address spectrum and energy consumption issues in 5G networks.
Design and Realization of 2.4GHz Branch-line CouplerQuang Binh Pham
This project report describes the design and measurement of a 2.4GHz branch-line coupler. Binh Pham Quang designed the coupler using ADS software, simulating both the schematic and electromagnetic models. Key steps included calculating transmission line impedances from design specifications, synthesizing physical dimensions, and tuning for optimal performance. The coupler was then fabricated on an RO4350B substrate and measured using a vector network analyzer. Results showed good agreement with simulations, achieving high reflection coefficient, coupling, and directivity near the target frequency.
Introduction to Mode Conditioning Patch CableJo Wang
Mode conditioning patch cord (MCP) was developed as a solution for network applications where Gigabit Ethernet hubs with laser based transmitters are deployed. It is a special fiber optic patch cord and allows customer upgrading their hardware technology without the cost of upgrading fiber plant. In addition, MCP significantly improves data signal quality while increasing the transmission distance. The text will give some detailed information about mode conditioning patch cable.
The document discusses Compex Mesh@work, a wireless mesh networking solution. It provides an overview of key features such as mesh technology, security, management capabilities, and use cases. The agenda covers features, setup instructions, advanced configuration options, performance testing, and deployment scenarios. Configuration topics include transmit power, SSH passwords, firmware updates, channels, and individual node settings. Scenarios described are for hotspots, cameras, fast roaming, and using MeshSpan for long-distance backhaul links.
Performance Comparison of Uncoded OFDM & Uncoded Adaptive OFDM System Over AW...IOSR Journals
Adaptive OFDM (AOFDM) is the important approach to fourth generation of mobile
communication. Adaptive modulating scheme is employed according to channel fading condition for improving
the performance of OFDM. This gives improved data rate, spectral efficiency & throughput. OFDM is flexible
to adapt modulation schemes on subcarriers according instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper,
we compare Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of
uncoded OFDM & uncoded adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel.
This document provides an internship report from Siddhant Bajpai at Bharti Airtel Ltd. covering topics related to mobile communication technologies including optical fiber communication, cellular generations from 1G to 4G, the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network architecture, and components like the base transceiver station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visiting location register. The report also includes a chapter on the OSI model and SS7 layers, and examines the call flow process in GSM networks.
This document provides an overview of extending the reach of 100 Gb/s multimode parallel optic links. It begins with introductions to fiber optics and standards. Test results are presented for transmitter and receiver modules showing performance over 300m of fiber, exceeding the 100m standard. Specifically, the transmitter results show minimal degradation in spectral width, mask margin, and jitter over fiber. Receiver results demonstrate meeting the mask, jitter and sensitivity specifications over 300m with worst-case transmitters. The conclusions state that 100GbE VCSEL modules can successfully operate over longer distances without significant performance impacts.
IRJET-Review of Massive MIMO, Filter Bank Multi Carrier and Orthogonal Freque...IRJET Journal
This document reviews Massive MIMO, Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It discusses that Massive MIMO uses a large number of antennas at base stations to serve more users simultaneously and achieve higher data rates. FBMC is presented as an alternative to OFDM that does not require cyclic prefixes, improving bandwidth efficiency. Key differences between OFDM and FBMC include OFDM's use of cyclic prefixes and weaker spectral localization. The document concludes that Massive MIMO and FBMC can help address spectrum and energy consumption issues in 5G networks.
The document describes the steps for installing three Motorola private broadband network product families:
1. The T3 PowerBroadband System extends Ethernet over single-pair telephone wiring up to 600 meters and provides line power to wallplate devices.
2. The XLP-6800 Extended PoE System extends Ethernet over two or four pairs up to 3,000 meters and provides line power and PoE to connected devices.
3. The XLP-7000 Extended PoE System extends Ethernet over single-pair wiring up to 1,500 meters and provides line power and PoE to connected devices.
The installation process involves installing the core switch in a wiring closet, running cross connects to wallplates or
146661638 configuring-rbs-6201-gsm-with-rusSyed Ahmad
This document discusses configuring a Remote Unit Subsystem (RUS) for a GSM network. It describes the available RUS variants using the naming convention RU<t> <gg> <bb>. It also details the RUS's certified output power levels, use of license keys to adjust the power level, and main functions which include transceiving, filtering, power amplification, and supporting up to four carriers. The document then discusses defining the configuration in the Integrated DataBase (IDB) including settings for Multi Carrier Transceivers (MCTRs) and their power distributions based on the number of transceivers. It concludes with steps for defining node, ESB delay, and time frequency compensation parameters
This document provides an overview of Huawei's GSM GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) for BTS3900 base stations. It discusses the hardware structure and functions of the GRFU, typical configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and how to configure GRFU data in Huawei's network management system. The key points covered are:
- The GRFU performs modulation, demodulation, signal processing and combining/dividing between baseband and RF signals.
- A single BTS3900 can support up to 36 carriers using one GRFU, or 72 carriers using two GRFUs.
- Typical configurations include single GRFU, dual antenna with
The document discusses the implementation and maintenance of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem) system for GSM, CDMA, and 3G networks. It provides information on Tata Docomo as a telecom service provider in India and the products and services it offers. The objective of the project is to implement BSS sites and maintain them using a Network Management Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. It then covers basic BSS concepts, the concept of maintenance, a process flow diagram for project rollout, an example of link budget calculations, common maintenance issues and how to address them, limitations, findings, and recommendations.
This document provides the user manual for the Canopy Access Point Module. It includes notices about modifications, FCC and Industry Canada regulations for radio frequency equipment, exposure notes on safety distances for the module and reflector, software license terms, and other product details. The summaries provide essential information about the document's contents in 3 sentences or less.
The document describes the Codan 8800 Series Digital Microwave Radio (DMR). Key features include its split indoor and outdoor unit configuration, robust modulation scheme, redundancy options like 1+1 hot standby and space diversity, flexible data interface units supporting Ethernet and TDM, and compliance with international standards. The DMR provides reliable point-to-point wireless connectivity over long distances.
A BER Performance Analysis of Shift Keying Technique with MMSE/MLSE estimatio...AM Publications
This document analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation in a Rayleigh fading channel. It compares the use of minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizers at the receiver to mitigate interference. Simulations show that MMSE achieves performance close to MLSE at much lower complexity. Filtered multi-carrier (FBMC) is also analyzed and found to have around 2.5dB better uncoded BER than cyclic prefix (CP)-OFDM. In conclusion, MMSE is a good lower complexity alternative to MLSE for channel equalization
Performance Evaluation of IEEE STD 802.16d TransceiverIOSR Journals
WiMAX ("Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access") technology is developed to meet the
growing demand of increased data rate and accessing the internet at high speeds. 802.16 family of standards is
officially called Wireless MAN in IEEE. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier
modulation technique used in IEEE 802.16d (fixed WiMAX) communication standard. OFDM is used to
increase data rate of wireless medium with higher spectral efficiency. The proposed work is to evaluate
performance of IEEE Std 802.16d transceiver in MATLAB R2009b simulink environment. System performance
evaluated using BER vs SNR for different modulation technique such as 4 QAM, 16 QAM, 64 QAM under
different channel condition
Каталог Анритсу Россия Anritsu 2016 2017onlinestuden
This document appears to be a catalog for Anritsu Corporation products. It includes:
- An outline of Anritsu Corporation, including its founding date, headquarters location, sales numbers, employees, and sales network.
- A description of Anritsu's quality and reliability assurance systems, which involve rigorous design, evaluation, manufacturing and inspection processes, as well as calibration and repair services to ensure traceability and performance.
- Information for using the catalog, including definitions of terms, specifications, accessories, and technical support.
This document contains 25 questions and answers related to basic electronics and communication engineering. It covers topics such as the definitions of electronics, communication, engineering, and modulation. It also discusses different communication techniques like analog and digital, as well as modulation methods like AM, FM, and more. Additionally, it provides explanations for concepts like sampling, cut-off frequency, passband, stopband, and base stations.
An efficient technique for out-of-band power reduction for the eliminated CP...IJECEIAES
The most dominant needs for the recent wireless mobile applications are higher bandwidth (BW) efficiency, higher energy efficiency higher quality of services (QOS). The main technique in 4G systems is OFDM but it suffers from some limitations such as large peak to average power ratio (PAPR), higher out-of-band (OOB) power radiation, and wasting bandwidth efficiency due to cyclic prefix (CP) extension. In his paper, these OFDM limitations will be reduced with low computational complexity compared to filter bank multicarriers (FBMC). The proposed scheme is based on symbol time compression (STC) for OFDM system. The proposed STC-Shaped system is achieved via interleaver-spreader and symbol shaper in the transmitter side in addition to equalization and combining processes in the receiver side. Comparative study between the proposed system and the conventional OFDM in case of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) and COST 207 typical multipath fading channel will be presented. The numerical results show that the proposed STC-Shaped scheme reduces OOB significantly. The proposed scheme improves BER in multipath Rayleigh fading although it is without CP. Thus, the proposed system is more robust against inter symbol interference (ISI) compared to conventional OFDM system. Also, the numerical results show that the PAPR of the proposed system is decreased significantly and also, it is derived theoretically. Also, the proposed scheme overcomes CP extension, and hence increases the bandwidth (BW) efficiency. Finally, the computational complexity for the proposed scheme is derived and it has very low complexity compared to FBMC.
The document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including terminology, fiber characteristics, and transmission effects. It discusses key topics such as optical propagation in fibers, attenuation and compensation using optical amplifiers, dispersion types and limitations, and wavelength grids. Diagrams and examples are used to illustrate optical power measurements, budgets, safety classifications, and the impacts of attenuation and dispersion on transmission performance.
The document proposes a solution to migrate legacy traffic for ethio Telecom to a new hybrid IP and packet backhaul network. Key points of the proposal include:
1) Replacing legacy microwave backhaul with a new hybrid system and mapping legacy TDM traffic to CES over IP while keeping 2G/3G as packet traffic.
2) Legacy services like MISU, CDMA and PSTN will be carried over the new network using CES to encapsulate TDM signals for transport over IP.
3) The solution will require configurations of network elements like TCUs, SPs, TN nodes and Tellabs equipment to implement CES mapping and ensure services continue functioning over the new infrastructure
RF Fiber Optical Reciever for converting Optical CATV RF signals to electrical RF on coax. Featured with AGC, high level RF output and extra-low noise.
This document provides specifications for NEC Corporation's iPASOLINK 200/400/1000 converged packet radio series. The iPASOLINK series integrates transmission over both microwave and optical, packet switching, and TDM cross-connect switching for mobile backhaul networks. Key features include support for native Ethernet, native TDM, and all-IP transport; high throughput with advanced modulation; flexible radio configurations; and multi-service quality of service. The document also summarizes the main capabilities and applications of the iPASOLINK 200, 400, and 1000 models.
In this research paper, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) was proposed as a technique by
realizing bilateral edge walls to produce a compact 5G beam-steering antenna at 24 GHz. The beam
forming network is produced using SIW directional coupler perform as 2×2 Butler Matrix (BM) fed with SIW
slotted waveguide antenna array. The output signal is steered from -29 degrees and +29 degrees when
the signal is fed to the respective input ports. If one of the input ports is fed, the signal is evenly distributed
between the adjacent output ports with 90 degree constant phase shift. The compact size of directional
coupler was designed by longitude slots on the surface of SIW substrate with bandwith of 16.85% at the
operating frequency. The proposed antenna produce gain of 6.34 dB at operating frequency and the
promising outcome of the beam steering make proposed design suitable for 5G communications especially
with tracking capabilities.
1. The document discusses various cellular network technologies including 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE. It explains key aspects like frequency bands, speeds, and whether voice and data are carried on separate networks.
2. The concepts of signal strength, quality, and handovers between sectors and sites are introduced. Good signal strength is defined as above -70dBm while good quality means a clean signal.
3. Different types of drive testing are described including site shakedowns to test a single location and cluster drives to evaluate multiple neighboring sites along pre-defined routes simultaneously.
This document provides guidance on designing and implementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It discusses choosing between centralized and cascaded splitting approaches. Centralized splitting uses a single splitter located close to the optical line terminal, while cascaded splitting uses multiple splitters in a tree-like structure. The document also covers topics like choosing splitter types, calculating splitting ratios and attenuation budgets, and testing optical power levels. Designing an FTTH network requires considering factors like topology, subscriber density and distance to optimize network performance and cost.
How to Use the DTX-EFM2 Fiber Modules to Test Installed Corning Multimode Pre...Fluke Networks
The Corning Pretium EDGE® Tap Module allows passive tapping into optical networks for monitoring purposes. The modules contain splitters that divide each optical signal into two
outputs, one for network link traffic and one for monitoring.
Nd at s best practices for single mode tier i ii testing 01-2011Dean Murray
The document discusses selecting and operating Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDRs) for fiber optic cable testing. It compares OTDRs to Optical Loss Test Sets (OLTS) and describes how OTDRs can provide additional information about individual connections, splices and fiber sections compared to OLTS. It reviews different OTDR models from Noyes including the M200, M700, OFL280 and C850 and how to set them up and perform basic OTDR operations and testing.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
The document describes the steps for installing three Motorola private broadband network product families:
1. The T3 PowerBroadband System extends Ethernet over single-pair telephone wiring up to 600 meters and provides line power to wallplate devices.
2. The XLP-6800 Extended PoE System extends Ethernet over two or four pairs up to 3,000 meters and provides line power and PoE to connected devices.
3. The XLP-7000 Extended PoE System extends Ethernet over single-pair wiring up to 1,500 meters and provides line power and PoE to connected devices.
The installation process involves installing the core switch in a wiring closet, running cross connects to wallplates or
146661638 configuring-rbs-6201-gsm-with-rusSyed Ahmad
This document discusses configuring a Remote Unit Subsystem (RUS) for a GSM network. It describes the available RUS variants using the naming convention RU<t> <gg> <bb>. It also details the RUS's certified output power levels, use of license keys to adjust the power level, and main functions which include transceiving, filtering, power amplification, and supporting up to four carriers. The document then discusses defining the configuration in the Integrated DataBase (IDB) including settings for Multi Carrier Transceivers (MCTRs) and their power distributions based on the number of transceivers. It concludes with steps for defining node, ESB delay, and time frequency compensation parameters
This document provides an overview of Huawei's GSM GRFU (GSM Radio Filter Unit) for BTS3900 base stations. It discusses the hardware structure and functions of the GRFU, typical configuration principles when using one or two GRFUs, and how to configure GRFU data in Huawei's network management system. The key points covered are:
- The GRFU performs modulation, demodulation, signal processing and combining/dividing between baseband and RF signals.
- A single BTS3900 can support up to 36 carriers using one GRFU, or 72 carriers using two GRFUs.
- Typical configurations include single GRFU, dual antenna with
The document discusses the implementation and maintenance of a BSS (Base Station Subsystem) system for GSM, CDMA, and 3G networks. It provides information on Tata Docomo as a telecom service provider in India and the products and services it offers. The objective of the project is to implement BSS sites and maintain them using a Network Management Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. It then covers basic BSS concepts, the concept of maintenance, a process flow diagram for project rollout, an example of link budget calculations, common maintenance issues and how to address them, limitations, findings, and recommendations.
This document provides the user manual for the Canopy Access Point Module. It includes notices about modifications, FCC and Industry Canada regulations for radio frequency equipment, exposure notes on safety distances for the module and reflector, software license terms, and other product details. The summaries provide essential information about the document's contents in 3 sentences or less.
The document describes the Codan 8800 Series Digital Microwave Radio (DMR). Key features include its split indoor and outdoor unit configuration, robust modulation scheme, redundancy options like 1+1 hot standby and space diversity, flexible data interface units supporting Ethernet and TDM, and compliance with international standards. The DMR provides reliable point-to-point wireless connectivity over long distances.
A BER Performance Analysis of Shift Keying Technique with MMSE/MLSE estimatio...AM Publications
This document analyzes the bit error rate (BER) performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation in a Rayleigh fading channel. It compares the use of minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizers at the receiver to mitigate interference. Simulations show that MMSE achieves performance close to MLSE at much lower complexity. Filtered multi-carrier (FBMC) is also analyzed and found to have around 2.5dB better uncoded BER than cyclic prefix (CP)-OFDM. In conclusion, MMSE is a good lower complexity alternative to MLSE for channel equalization
Performance Evaluation of IEEE STD 802.16d TransceiverIOSR Journals
WiMAX ("Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access") technology is developed to meet the
growing demand of increased data rate and accessing the internet at high speeds. 802.16 family of standards is
officially called Wireless MAN in IEEE. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier
modulation technique used in IEEE 802.16d (fixed WiMAX) communication standard. OFDM is used to
increase data rate of wireless medium with higher spectral efficiency. The proposed work is to evaluate
performance of IEEE Std 802.16d transceiver in MATLAB R2009b simulink environment. System performance
evaluated using BER vs SNR for different modulation technique such as 4 QAM, 16 QAM, 64 QAM under
different channel condition
Каталог Анритсу Россия Anritsu 2016 2017onlinestuden
This document appears to be a catalog for Anritsu Corporation products. It includes:
- An outline of Anritsu Corporation, including its founding date, headquarters location, sales numbers, employees, and sales network.
- A description of Anritsu's quality and reliability assurance systems, which involve rigorous design, evaluation, manufacturing and inspection processes, as well as calibration and repair services to ensure traceability and performance.
- Information for using the catalog, including definitions of terms, specifications, accessories, and technical support.
This document contains 25 questions and answers related to basic electronics and communication engineering. It covers topics such as the definitions of electronics, communication, engineering, and modulation. It also discusses different communication techniques like analog and digital, as well as modulation methods like AM, FM, and more. Additionally, it provides explanations for concepts like sampling, cut-off frequency, passband, stopband, and base stations.
An efficient technique for out-of-band power reduction for the eliminated CP...IJECEIAES
The most dominant needs for the recent wireless mobile applications are higher bandwidth (BW) efficiency, higher energy efficiency higher quality of services (QOS). The main technique in 4G systems is OFDM but it suffers from some limitations such as large peak to average power ratio (PAPR), higher out-of-band (OOB) power radiation, and wasting bandwidth efficiency due to cyclic prefix (CP) extension. In his paper, these OFDM limitations will be reduced with low computational complexity compared to filter bank multicarriers (FBMC). The proposed scheme is based on symbol time compression (STC) for OFDM system. The proposed STC-Shaped system is achieved via interleaver-spreader and symbol shaper in the transmitter side in addition to equalization and combining processes in the receiver side. Comparative study between the proposed system and the conventional OFDM in case of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) and COST 207 typical multipath fading channel will be presented. The numerical results show that the proposed STC-Shaped scheme reduces OOB significantly. The proposed scheme improves BER in multipath Rayleigh fading although it is without CP. Thus, the proposed system is more robust against inter symbol interference (ISI) compared to conventional OFDM system. Also, the numerical results show that the PAPR of the proposed system is decreased significantly and also, it is derived theoretically. Also, the proposed scheme overcomes CP extension, and hence increases the bandwidth (BW) efficiency. Finally, the computational complexity for the proposed scheme is derived and it has very low complexity compared to FBMC.
The document provides an overview of optical DWDM fundamentals, including terminology, fiber characteristics, and transmission effects. It discusses key topics such as optical propagation in fibers, attenuation and compensation using optical amplifiers, dispersion types and limitations, and wavelength grids. Diagrams and examples are used to illustrate optical power measurements, budgets, safety classifications, and the impacts of attenuation and dispersion on transmission performance.
The document proposes a solution to migrate legacy traffic for ethio Telecom to a new hybrid IP and packet backhaul network. Key points of the proposal include:
1) Replacing legacy microwave backhaul with a new hybrid system and mapping legacy TDM traffic to CES over IP while keeping 2G/3G as packet traffic.
2) Legacy services like MISU, CDMA and PSTN will be carried over the new network using CES to encapsulate TDM signals for transport over IP.
3) The solution will require configurations of network elements like TCUs, SPs, TN nodes and Tellabs equipment to implement CES mapping and ensure services continue functioning over the new infrastructure
RF Fiber Optical Reciever for converting Optical CATV RF signals to electrical RF on coax. Featured with AGC, high level RF output and extra-low noise.
This document provides specifications for NEC Corporation's iPASOLINK 200/400/1000 converged packet radio series. The iPASOLINK series integrates transmission over both microwave and optical, packet switching, and TDM cross-connect switching for mobile backhaul networks. Key features include support for native Ethernet, native TDM, and all-IP transport; high throughput with advanced modulation; flexible radio configurations; and multi-service quality of service. The document also summarizes the main capabilities and applications of the iPASOLINK 200, 400, and 1000 models.
In this research paper, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) was proposed as a technique by
realizing bilateral edge walls to produce a compact 5G beam-steering antenna at 24 GHz. The beam
forming network is produced using SIW directional coupler perform as 2×2 Butler Matrix (BM) fed with SIW
slotted waveguide antenna array. The output signal is steered from -29 degrees and +29 degrees when
the signal is fed to the respective input ports. If one of the input ports is fed, the signal is evenly distributed
between the adjacent output ports with 90 degree constant phase shift. The compact size of directional
coupler was designed by longitude slots on the surface of SIW substrate with bandwith of 16.85% at the
operating frequency. The proposed antenna produce gain of 6.34 dB at operating frequency and the
promising outcome of the beam steering make proposed design suitable for 5G communications especially
with tracking capabilities.
1. The document discusses various cellular network technologies including 2G, 3G, and 4G LTE. It explains key aspects like frequency bands, speeds, and whether voice and data are carried on separate networks.
2. The concepts of signal strength, quality, and handovers between sectors and sites are introduced. Good signal strength is defined as above -70dBm while good quality means a clean signal.
3. Different types of drive testing are described including site shakedowns to test a single location and cluster drives to evaluate multiple neighboring sites along pre-defined routes simultaneously.
This document provides guidance on designing and implementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It discusses choosing between centralized and cascaded splitting approaches. Centralized splitting uses a single splitter located close to the optical line terminal, while cascaded splitting uses multiple splitters in a tree-like structure. The document also covers topics like choosing splitter types, calculating splitting ratios and attenuation budgets, and testing optical power levels. Designing an FTTH network requires considering factors like topology, subscriber density and distance to optimize network performance and cost.
How to Use the DTX-EFM2 Fiber Modules to Test Installed Corning Multimode Pre...Fluke Networks
The Corning Pretium EDGE® Tap Module allows passive tapping into optical networks for monitoring purposes. The modules contain splitters that divide each optical signal into two
outputs, one for network link traffic and one for monitoring.
Nd at s best practices for single mode tier i ii testing 01-2011Dean Murray
The document discusses selecting and operating Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDRs) for fiber optic cable testing. It compares OTDRs to Optical Loss Test Sets (OLTS) and describes how OTDRs can provide additional information about individual connections, splices and fiber sections compared to OLTS. It reviews different OTDR models from Noyes including the M200, M700, OFL280 and C850 and how to set them up and perform basic OTDR operations and testing.
The document discusses considerations for designing an EPON network. It covers bandwidth requirements, splitting architecture options including 1-stage and 2-stage splitting, maximum transmission distances depending on splitting ratios, calculating the optical power budget, services that can be provided over EPON including FTTH and FTTB/C, upgrading existing networks, required network nodes and equipment, and cable types.
WCDMA network optimization involves four key steps:
1. Coverage optimization to ensure adequate signal levels across the network.
2. Neighbor optimization to create accurate neighbor lists and avoid dropped calls.
3. Pilot pollution optimization to reduce interference between cells by adjusting tilts and adding sites.
4. Soft handover optimization to limit the percentage of routes in soft handover through tilt and azimuth changes.
Анализатор коротких оптических линий mu909011a3-052onlinestuden
1) The MT9090A is a compact modular OTDR for testing short fibers such as FTTx drop cables.
2) It features high resolution of 5 cm sampling and deadzones of less than 1 meter for accurate evaluation of short fibers.
3) Setup and testing is simplified with fixed parameters and a one button testing sequence for easy operation by technicians of any skill level.
Measuring Fiber / Merenja na optičkim vlaknimaNemanja Radić
1. Fiber optic networks are constantly increasing in speed and capacity to meet new application demands like interactive video.
2. Standards like ANSI/TIA-568-C set allowable loss limits for fiber optic links based on factors like cable length, number of splices and adapters.
3. Proper cleaning, inspection and testing of fiber optic connections and links is important to ensure low loss and good performance. A visual fault locator can be used to check basic connectivity but more advanced testing may be required.
IRJET- Password based Circuit Breaker using DTMFIRJET Journal
This document describes a password-based circuit breaker system that uses dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) technology. The system is designed to provide safety for maintenance staff working on live electrical lines. It uses a DTMF decoder integrated with a microcontroller and relays to allow loads to be turned on or off remotely using passwords dialed from a mobile phone. The system was simulated using Proteus software and implemented on a printed circuit board. It provides a solution that ensures safety and security by only allowing authorized people who know the passwords to control the circuit breaker.
This document discusses using Corning De-Rating tables to exceed standard limits for channel length and loss in multimode fiber cabling systems. The tables provide maximum channel length and allowable loss values based on fiber category, data rate, and number of connections. This allows network designers to optimize operating points for their specific system configurations and confirm if their multimode cabling design can extend beyond standard limits while still achieving full transmission speeds. The relationship between channel length and loss is non-linear, with trade-offs that the tables provide visibility into for planning reliable networks beyond single snapshot views of standard models.
This lab manual provides instructions for a Computer Network lab course. The course aims to provide hands-on networking experience. Students will experiment with networking topics like IP addressing, routing protocols, and network troubleshooting using tools like ping and traceroute. Students will also learn network modeling and simulation using software like Packet Tracer. The manual outlines 9 experiments that cover topics such as network cabling, network devices, IP configuration, basic network commands, and configuring network topologies in Packet Tracer using different routing protocols.
This lab manual provides instructions for a Computer Network lab course. The course aims to provide hands-on networking experience. Students will experiment with networking topics like IP addressing, routing protocols, and network troubleshooting using tools like ping and traceroute. Students will also learn about network modeling and simulation using software like Packet Tracer. The manual outlines 9 experiments that involve studying network devices, IP addressing, connecting computers to a LAN, networking commands, and configuring network topologies using Packet Tracer.
This document provides an overview of PROFINET, including:
- PROFINET uses Ethernet standards to provide industrial communications over an Ethernet network at speeds up to 100Mbit/s.
- PROFINET is compatible with PROFIBUS but is not simply PROFIBUS over Ethernet.
- PROFINET supports different update rates, priorities, and IT services for various applications on the same network.
- Commissioning and qualification of a PROFINET network involves testing the installation, topology, device identification, network loads, and more to ensure proper functioning.
In-building Solution (IBS) / Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Small Cell Coverage within building premises
Signal is restricted inside the building
Antenna installed inside the building
Low Transmit Power of Antenna
Smaller Antenna size
Like its predecessor PROFIBUS, PROFINET is a diagnostic-rich protocol allowing your support team to quickly identify the source of device-related problems. This however is of limited use if the underlying performance of your network is poor. PROFINET networks are often seen as the plug and play solution for industrial networks, giving you the impression that successful completion of your application-specific testing is a guarantee that your network is working efficiently and without errors. This is fundamentally wrong and needs to be considered at the design stage as well as the acceptance stage of a project. This presentation will discuss the issues, how to address them and give typical examples of the equipment required.
The document discusses the need to properly test fiber optic installations to support new applications like Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Generic cable standards are not sufficient and a tester needs to automatically check against application-specific limits. There are currently seven different sets of length and loss limits for variants of Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet will likely require many more sets of complex testing limits. A field tester should keep track of the different application test limits and produce a test report with pass/fail results for each network application and generic cable standards.
This document defines a fiber optic datalink and describes its key components and testing procedures. A datalink consists of fiber optic transmitters and receivers that transmit signals over optical fibers. It transmits either analog or digital signals according to communication protocols. Testing includes measuring transmitter output power, receiver input power, and bit error rate to confirm the link operates as specified. Documentation of a datalink includes equipment, power levels, fiber routing and test results.
Thorne & Derrick UK are official distributors of the SebaKMT range of LV-HV Cable Fault Location instruments including cable sheath testers and cable sheath fault prelocation and pinpointing units. SebaKMT are the leading manufacturer of measurement equipment for the diagnosis of cable networks and for cable fault location. Cable faults are the ''natural enemy'' of reliability. The innovative SebaKMT products make it possible to quickly localise low and high voltage cable faults without causing damage to fault-free parts of the cable.
Оптический анализатор спектра mu909020a для Anritsu MT9090Aonlinestuden
Позволяет провести быстрый контроль мощности, длины волны, девиации на всех 18 каналах CWDM от 1250 до 1650 нм по МСЭ-Т G.694.2. Полоса пропускания покрывает все 18 CWDM каналов, в соответствии с ITU-T G.694.2. Ширина полосы пропускания ±6.5 нм, соответствует стандарту ITU-T G.695
manual on networking cabling with pratical guideNuhuSamaila
1. Configure the IP addresses of the client computers to be in the same subnet as the host computer sharing the internet connection. 2. Use ping and tracert commands on the client computers to test connectivity to the host and internet gateway. 3. Use ipconfig to view and confirm TCP/IP settings like IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways on all computers match the LAN configuration.
Students will first study basic networking commands like ping and tracert using Command Prompt to test network connectivity. They will then configure the network settings of both a host computer and client computers to share an internet connection on the LAN. The host will be configured to act as a DHCP server to automatically assign IP addresses to connected clients. Students will use networking configuration commands to set the host IP as 192.168.0.1 and enable internet connection sharing.
Similar to How to Use the DTX-MFM2 Fiber Modules to Test Installed Corning Multimode Pretium EDGE® Tap Modules (20)
Versiv Cabling Certification System- Everything you need to certify, manage and report on your cable installation projects. Versiv™ modular design supports copper certification, fiber optic loss, OTDR testing and fiber end-face inspection.
Fluke Networks is the worldwide leader in certification, troubleshooting, and installation tools for professionals who install and maintain critical network cabling infrastructure.
The Evolution of Test Sets in Telecom HistoryFluke Networks
Fluke Networks is the worldwide leader in certification, troubleshooting, and installation tools for professionals who install and maintain critical network cabling infrastructure.
The document describes a voltage detector that detects AC and DC voltages through a long-life carbide tip. To use it, the user simply places the tip on an object, presses the trigger, and observes the LEDs - green means no voltage, red flashing means dangerous voltage is present. It is compact, lightweight, and easy to use to test potentially dangerous objects like electrical equipment to avoid electrical shock. It detects voltages as low as 50V AC or 6V DC and protects users from up to 20,000V AC or 2,000V DC.
Visi fault™ visual fault locator. Industrial-strength fiber tracing, verification and fault location tool.
Bright red visible laser light source
• Accelerates end-to-end fiber
continuity checks
• Speeds fiber tracing and identification
• Simplifies fiber polarity verification
• Aids in location of fiber faults including
tight bends, breaks and bad connectors
The TS100 Cable Fault Finder is a tool that helps technicians quickly find and locate cable faults from one end of the cable. It functions as a fault locator, cable manager, and tone generator. It can instantly measure the distance to open or short circuits in cables up to 3,000 feet. The unit identifies specific cable pairs using a patented tone generator and detects high voltages on cables. It has a large LED screen, simple menu, and can be used when moisture is present, allowing technicians to efficiently test and manage cables.
TS52 PRO LCD Test Set easy-to-use unit comes with all the features that make a technician more productive, including a crystal clear LCD (liquid crystal display) with backlight, caller-id,
a high-fidelity, two-way hands-free amplified speakerphone,
speed dialing, a low battery warning indicator and
a rugged oversized locking belt clip for universal needs.
High and low voltage lockout
Low/high voltage indication digital read out
Low current (mA) indication digital read out
Overvoltage and overcurrent protection
Selectable flash and pause duration
Selectable timeouts to save battery
Speed dial (10 memories, 23 digits each)
Polarity indication in talk andmonitor mode
Battery level indicator
Battery included
Central office 346A linecord plug included
Belt clip included
The TS54 TDR is perfect for voice, data and video professionals and communication service provider technicians who need a best-in-class test set combined with a powerful TDR and toner. Buying the TS54 TDR means you no longer need to carry a separate TDR, toner, pair identifier and test set.
The Pro3000 Analog Tone and Probe are your best choice for toning and tracing wire on non-active networks, and specifically for identifying individual pairs with SmartTone™ technology.
Pocket Toner connects to any voice, data, or video cable to detect open/short circuits, continuity, AC/DC voltage* and dial tone* all while protecting up to 52 volts.
Pocket Toner® NX8 Deluxe Kit quickly and easily test coax, telephone, home theater, audio, video, security and fire cables for continuity, AC and DC voltage, shorts, opens and 50-75 Ω termination—8x faster with 8 ID caps.
PTNX8 Cable and Telephone is the most popular kit used for
“Triple Play” installations. This kit contains all the essential
adapters for identifying and testing telephone and TV cables.
Quickly and easily test coax and telephone cables for continuity, AC and DC voltage, shorts, opens and 50-75 Ω termination all in a single, versatile kit.
Pocket Toner® NX8 Cable Kit quickly and easily test coax and telephone cables for continuity, AC and DC voltage, shorts, opens and 50-75 Ω termination—8x faster, all in a single, versatile kit.
Pocket Toner® NX2 Deluxe Kit quickly and easily test coax, telephone, home theater, audio, video, security and fire cables for continuity, AC and DC voltage, shorts, opens and 50-75 Ω termination.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
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Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
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Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
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An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
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This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
How to Use the DTX-MFM2 Fiber Modules to Test Installed Corning Multimode Pretium EDGE® Tap Modules
1. How to Use the DTX-MFM2 Fiber Modules
to Test Installed Corning Multimode Pretium
EDGE® Tap Modules
Note these important points regarding measuring loss through an EDGE Tap
Module:
• Because the splitters in the tap module have low loss in one direc-
tion and high loss in the other direction, you measure loss through
the module in one direction only (no bi-directional tests).
• The splitters in the multimode tap modules are optimized for
850 nm VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers), so you test
at only 850 nm.
• The network links through the LIVE port on the tap module to the
EDGE module at the far end are duplex, so you test them with the
DTX in Smart Remote mode. The links through the TAP port are all
outputs, so you test them with the DTX in Far End Source mode.
Required Equipment
• DTX CableAnalyzer main and remote testers
• Two DTX-MFM2 Fiber Modules
• Two mandrels for 50 μm fiber
• Two SC/LC 50 μm multimode test reference cords
• Two LC/LC 50 μm multimode test reference cords
• One duplex LC/LC adapter or two simplex LC/LC adapters
• One MTP/LC 12-fiber fan-out cable with Corning Universal polarity
• Fiber inspection microscope (such as the FT500 FiberInspector Mi-
croscope) with LC adapter
• Fiber cleaning supplies for LC and MTP connectors
The Corning Pretium EDGE® Tap
Module allows passive tapping
into optical networks for mon-
itoring purposes. The modules
contain splitters that divide
each optical signal into two
outputs, one for network link
traffic and one for monitoring.
To ensure that the installed
module operates correctly and
to meet the requirements for
Corning warranty coverage, you
must measure the loss of the
network links with the module
installed. Optionally, you can
also measure the loss of the
tap links from the module to
ensure that the links to your
monitoring equipment operate
correctly.
Calculating the Loss Budgets
To have a test limit that accounts for the losses of the splitters and MTP connectors, you calculate loss budgets for
each of the three paths you will test. Then you make a custom test limit that uses your loss budget values. The cus-
tom limit is based on the 1000BASE-SX limit, which specifies tests at only 850 nm.
You calculate loss budgets for these three paths of each link, which are shown in Figure 1:
• The network link. Note that if the network links are different lengths, you will need to calculate a budget for
each link.
• The tap port link from the near end (optional).
• The tap port link from the far end (optional). Note that if the network links are different lengths, you will
need to calculate a budget for each link.
2. B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Link under test
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Near End Far End
Tap port fan-out cable
(Corning Universal polarity)
11
1
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
Connect to
odd-numbered
connectors
9
7
5
3
2
4
6
8
10
12
Network
Links
Tap Port
Links from the
Near End
3. B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Tap port fan-out cable
(Corning Universal polarity)
12
2
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
10 8
6
4
12
10
8
6
4
2
Tap Port
Links from the
Far End
Component Maximum loss (dB)*
OM4 EDGE trunk fiber 2.8 dB/km (0.00085 dB/ft)
MTP® mated pair loss 0.35
LC mated pair loss 0.15
50/50 splitter inside the EDGE Tap Module 3.8
30/70 splitter inside the EDGE Tap Module 6.6/1.8
*Insertion loss when mated to other system components with similar performance specifications.
Table 1. Values for Loss Budget Calculations
Figure 1. Three Paths for Loss Budget Calculations
4. Figure 2 shows an example of a loss budget calculation for a test from the far end through the tap port and through
a fan-out cable. Note that the loss of the LC connection at the end of the fan-out cable is not included in this ex-
ample.
The calculation includes the loss of a 600 m trunk fiber and a 10 m tap port fan-out cable:
• Loss for 600 m of OM4 EDGE trunk fiber for a network link: 2.8 dB/km x .6 km = 1.68 dB
• Loss for 10 m of OM4 EDGE trunk fiber for a tap port harness: 2.8 dB/km x .01 km = 0.028 dB
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
6
PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
Link under test
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
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PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
21
A
WARRANTY
VOID
LC mated pair
0.15 dB
MTP mated
pair
0.35 dB
600 m of OM4
EDGE trunk fiber
1.68 dB
MTP mated
pair
0.35 dB
50/50
splitter
3.8 dB
MTP mated
pair
0.35 dB
0.028 dB
10 m tap port
fan-out cable
0.15 dB
0.35 dB
1.68 dB
0.35 dB
3.8 dB
0.35 dB
0.028 dB
+ 0.15 dB
Loss budget = 6.858 dB
0.15 dBLC mated pair
Figure 2. Example of a Loss Budget Calculation for Testing Network Links
For more examples of loss budget calculations, see the Corning Standard Recommended Procedure (SRP) document
number 003-126 on the Corning web site.
5. Setting Up a Custom Test Limit
Next, make a custom test limit that will include your loss budget values. The first loss budget value you enter will be
for the first network link you will test.
1. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP.
2. Select Fiber Loss.
3. On the Fiber Loss screen, set the Remote End Setup to Smart Remote and set Bi-Directional to No.
4. Select Test Limit.
5. On the Test Limit screen, press F1 More, then select Custom.
6. Press F1 Create.
7. Select Name, enter a name for your limit, then press SAVE.
8. Select Use Default Values From.
9. On the Use Default Values From screen, select Application, then select 1000BASE-SX.
10. On the Custom screen, select Maximum Length.
11. Set the maximum length to a value that is longer than the longest trunk in the fiber network, then press
SAVE.
12. On the Custom screen, select Maximum Loss at 850 nm.
13. Set the Maximum Loss at 850 nm to the calculated budget for the first network link you will test, then press
SAVE. Note that if the network links are different lengths, you will need to change this value accordingly
before you test each link.
14. On the Custom screen, press SAVE to save the custom limit.
15. Highlight your new custom limit, then press ENTER to select it.
On the settings tabs of the Fiber Loss screen, select these settings:
• Fiber Type: OM4 Multimode 50
• Number of Adapters/Number of Splices: Not used, since you will calculate the loss budget manually
• Connector Type: LC
• Test Method: 1 Jumper
Testing the Network Links
The network links are duplex connections, so you can use Smart Remote mode to test both fibers in each link.
Set the Reference for Smart Remote Mode
1. Turn on the main and remote DTX testers and let them sit for 5 minutes. Allow additional time if the modules
have been stored above or below ambient temperature.
2. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP, then select Fiber Loss.
3. Select Remote End Setup, then select Smart Remote.
4. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS, then select Set Reference. If both a fiber module and a twist-
ed pair or coaxial adapter are attached, select Fiber Module next.
5. Clean and inspect the connectors on the tester, remote, and test reference cords. Connect the tester and
remote as shown in Figure 3 for setting the reference.
6. Press TEST
6. 7. The View Reference screen shows the reference values and the date and time the reference was set. For
50/125 μm, the reference values should be better than -24.50 dBm where -23.50 dBm is better than
-24.50 dBm. If the values are good, press F2 OK. If not, clean all fiber connections and set the reference
again.
8. Press F2 OK.
Figure 3. Reference and TRC Test Connections for Smart Remote Mode
TRC test
connections
Reference
connections
Additional
TRC
Additional
TRC
TRC
TRC
7. Next, verify that the test reference cords (TRCs) you will add are good:
1. Disconnect the test reference cords from the INPUT ports on the tester and smart remote.
2. Make the connections shown in Figure 3 for testing the TRCs.
3. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST, then press TEST.
4. Press ENTER to see the test results. The loss for each fiber (Input Fiber and Output Fiber) in both directions
must be no more than 0.15 dB at 850 nm. If the loss is too high, clean the connections you made for the
TRC test and do the test again. Remember not to disconnect the fibers from the DTX output ports. If you do,
you must set the reference again.
5. Save the test results to show that you used good test reference cords to test the fiber links.
Test the Network Links
1. Clean and inspect the LC connectors on the EDGE Tap and EDGE modules.
2. Connect the TRCs to the near and far ends of the links, as shown in Figure 4.
3. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST, then press ENTER.
4. If the test passes, save the results. If it fails, clean and inspect the connections again, or troubleshoot as
necessary, then test again.
5. If the network links are different lengths, change the value for the Maximum Loss at 850 nm in your custom
limit to the applicable loss budget value for the next link.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 for all the links.
B
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PortTapModule
PartNumber
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MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
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2
43
AB
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WARRANTY
VOID
Link under test
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
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5
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PnPModule
PartNumber
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MADEINMEXICO
5
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43
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1
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VOID
Do not
disconnect
the output port
2
4
AB
3
B
1
21
A
B
2
3
B
1
21
A
Do not
disconnect
the output port
TRCs
TRCs
Near End Far End
DTX in Smart
Remote mode
Figure 4. Connections for Testing the Network Links
8. Testing the Tap Port Links
It’s not necessary to test the tap port links to meet Corning’s requirements for warranty coverage, but you may want
to do so to make sure your tap port links are good.
Note that this article shows the TAP port connected to a Corning Universal polarity fan-out cable. You can also con-
nect the TAP port to another Pretium EDGE module. In that case, you would add another MTP and LC mated pair loss
to your loss budget, and you would connect the DTX tester to the LC ports in the module.
TAP Port Connections
When you connect the remote to the EDGE Tap module at the near end, you measure the tap port link’s loss at the
odd numbered connectors on the tap port fan-out cable or EDGE module connected to the tap port. When you con-
nect the remote to the EDGE module at the far end, you measure the tap port link’s loss at the even-numbered con-
nectors on the tap port fan-out cable or EDGE module connected to the tap port. Figure 5 shows these connections.
Figure 5. Connections from the Near and Far End Modules to the TAP Port Cable
Set the Reference for Far End Source Mode
Because all of the tap port connections are outputs, you will use Far End Source mode to test all the tap port links
in the same direction, one at a time. Set the reference and test your test reference cords (TRCs) as follows:
1. Turn on the main and remote DTX testers and let them sit for 5 minutes. Allow additional time if the modules
have been stored above or below ambient temperature.
2. Turn the rotary switch to SETUP, then select Fiber Loss.
9. 3. Select Remote End Setup, then select Far End Source.
4. Clean and inspect the connectors on the tester, smart remote, and test reference cords. Connect the tester
and smart remote as shown in Figure 6 for setting the reference.
5. On the smart remote, hold down the button next to the VFL port for approximately 3 seconds to turn on the
OUTPUT port at 850 nm. The LED is red for 850 nm and green for 1300 nm.
6. Turn the rotary switch to SPECIAL FUNCTIONS, then select Set Reference. If both a fiber module and a twist-
ed pair or coaxial adapter are attached, select Fiber Module next.
7. Press TEST.
8. The View Reference screen shows the reference value and the date and time the reference was set. For
50/125 μm, the reference value should be better than -24.50 dBm where -23.50 dBm is better than
-24.50 dBm. If the value is good, press F2 OK. If not, clean all fiber connections and set the reference again.
9. Press F2 OK.
Figure 6. Reference and TRC Test Connections for Far End Source Mode
TRC test connectionsReference
connections
Additional
TRC
TRC
10. Next, verify that the test reference cord (TRC) you will add is good:
1. Disconnect the test reference cords from the INPUT port on the tester.
2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6 for testing the TRC.
3. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST, then press TEST.
4. Press ENTER to see the test results. The loss must be no more than 0.15 dB at 850 nm. If the loss is too
high, clean the connections you made for the TRC test and do the test again. Remember not to disconnect
the fiber from the remote’s output port. If you do, you must also set the reference again.
5. Save the test results to show that you used a good test reference cord to test the fiber links.
Test the Tap Port Links from the Near End
1. Change the value for the Maximum Loss at 850 nm in your custom limit to the applicable loss budget value
for the fiber path from the near end through the tap port.
2. Clean and inspect the even-numbered LC connectors on the EDGE Tap module (near end) and the odd-num-
bered connectors on the tap port fan-out cable or third EDGE module.
3. Make the connections shown in Figure 7 if you will do the test through a fan-out cable, or in Figure 8 if you
will do the test through a third EDGE module.
4. Make sure the smart remote’s OUTPUT port is still transmitting at 850 nm (LED is solid red).
5. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST, then press ENTER.
6. If the test passes, save the results. If it fails, clean and inspect the connections again, or troubleshoot as
necessary, then test again.
7. Repeat steps 3-6 for all tap port links.
11. B
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MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
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2
43
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WARRANTY
VOID
Tap port fan-out cable
(Corning Universal polarity)
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
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5
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PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
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11
1
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
Connect to
odd-numbered
connectors
9
7
5
3
2
4
6
8
10
12
Near End Far End
DTX in
Far End Source
mode
Do not
disconnect
the output port
Smart remote with
OUTPUT port transmitting
at 850 nm (LED is solid red)
Figure 7. Connections for Testing the Tap Port Links from the Near End through a Fan-Out Cable
12. B
6
12
11 A
B
5
10
9 A
B
4
8
7 A
B
3
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PnP
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5 A
B
2
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3 A
B
1
2
1 A
WAR
RANTY
VOID
B
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5
109
AB
4
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3
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PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
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A
WARRANTY
VOID
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
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PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
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WARRANTY
VOID
11
1
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
Connect to
odd-numbered
connectors
9
7
5
3
2
4
6
8
10
12
Near End Far End
DTX in
Far End Source
mode
Do not
disconnect
the output port
Pretium EDGE
Module
TRC
TRC
Smart remote with
OUTPUT port transmitting
at 850 nm (LED is solid red)
Figure 8. Connections for Testing the Tap Port Links from the Near End through an EDGE Module
13. Test the Tap Port Links from the Far End
1. Change the value for the Maximum Loss at 850 nm in your custom limit to the applicable loss budget value
for the first tap port link you will test from the far end through the tap port.
2. Clean and inspect the even-numbered LC connectors on the EDGE module (far end) and the even-numbered-
connectors on the tap port fan-out cable or third EDGE module.
3. Make the connections shown in Figure 9 if you will do the test through a fan-out cable, or in Figure 10 if you
will do the test through a third EDGE module.
4. Make sure the smart remote’s OUTPUT port is still transmitting at 850 nm (LED is solid red).
5. Turn the rotary switch to AUTOTEST, then press ENTER.
6. If the test passes, save the results. If it fails, clean and inspect the connections again, or troubleshoot as
necessary, then test again.
7. If the network links are different lengths, change the value for the Maximum Loss at 850 nm in your custom
limit to the applicable loss budget value for the next tap port link.
8. Repeat steps 3-7 for all the tap port links.
B
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PortTapModule
PartNumber
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MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
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2
43
AB
1
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A
WARRANTY
VOID
Link under test
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
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PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
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A
WARRANTY
VOID
Do not
disconnect
the output port
12
2
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
10
8
6
4
12
10
8
6
4
2
Near End Far End
Tap port fan-out cable
(Corning Universal polarity)
DTX in
Far End Source
mode
Smart remote with
OUTPUT port transmitting
at 850 nm (LED is solid red)
Figure 9. Connections for Testing the Tap Port Links from the Far End through a Fan-Out Cable
14. B
6
1211
AB
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AB
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3
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PortTapModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
TAPLIVE
5
AB
2
43
AB
1
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A
WARRANTY
VOID
Link under test
Pretium EDGE Tap
Module
Pretium EDGE
Module
B
6
1211
AB
5
109
AB
4
87
AB
3
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PnPModule
PartNumber
Serial
MADEINMEXICO
5
AB
2
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AB
1
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WARRANTY
VOID
Do not
disconnect
the output port
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
12
10
8
6
4
2
Near End Far End
12
2
108
64
B
6
12
11 A
B
5
10
9 A
B
4
8
7 A
B
3
6
PnP
M
od
ule
Par
t Num
be
r
Ser
ial
MA
DE
IN
ME
XI
CO
5 A
B
2
4
3 A
B
1
2
1 A
WAR
RANTY
VOID
Connect to
even-numbered
connectors
DTX in
Far End Source
mode
Pretium EDGE
Module
TRC
TRC
Smart remote with
OUTPUT port transmitting
at 850 nm (LED is solid red)
Figure 10. Connections for Testing the Tap Port Links from the Far End through an EDGE Module