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1. TCP/IP and
OSI Models
Understanding the
Differences between

2. TCP
TCP and IP are the two main network
protocols or communications standards of the
internet.
Where TCP defines how different
applications can communicate over reliable
channels across a network, IP regulates how
devices connected to the internet can
transmit and receive data over the network
or an interconnected set of networks.
In other words, IP defines routing and
addressing while TCP defines how the
connected peripherals can communicate
across the IP-mediated link without any data
loss.

3. OSI Model
The OSI or Open Systems Interconnection model,
on the contrary, defines how the different tasks
related to the network communication can be
segregated across multiple layers of software
and hardware components.
It was developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) as the
ISO/IEC 7498-1 standard to support the creation
of interoperable and interchangeable systems
by network vendors.

4. OSI Model
In essence, the OSI model describes how a
network can be transformed into seven
functional layers of service, which include the
physical interconnection of nodes to the
application layer.
Generally, any specific layer of the OSI model
offers services to the above layer and receives
services from the layer below, and never
interacts with the other layers or offers/receives
any functions to/from them.

5. Differences between
TCP/IP and OSI
Models
TCP and IP mainly define the protocols used for the
internet.
On the other hand, other non-internet protocols like the
Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) and the Datagram
Delivery Protocol (DDP) also communicate with the OSI
model (layer 3).
Moreover, while TCP may function somewhat like layer 5 in
the OSI model, it does not perform all the tasks involved in
the process, such as authentication and authorization.

6. Differences between
TCP/IP and OSI
Models
In general, TCP/IP will not make any assumptions about
what is going on above the level of any given network
session, which is level 5 in the OSI model.
Similarly, TCP/IP will allocate all higher factors of network
uses to the applications whereas the OSI model will assign
two additional layers of standardized functions to it.

7. Differences between
TCP/IP and OSI
Models
Therefore, when an application needs specific functions
that are not provided by TCP/IP, it will have to supply the
features on its own.
Yet in the case of the OSI model, it assumes that no
application will implement any functionality that belongs
to the defined network layer.
Likewise, TCP/IP will not state what is going on below the
network layer.

8. Differences between
TCP/IP and OSI
Models
Therefore, when an application needs specific functions
that are not provided by TCP/IP, it will have to supply the
features on its own.
Yet in the case of the OSI model, it assumes that no
application will implement any functionality that belongs
to the defined network layer.
Likewise, TCP/IP will not state what is going on below the
network layer.

9. Differences between
TCP/IP and OSI
Models
Although IP assumes the presence of a network access
layer, it does not define it.
However, the OSI model will break the functions of the
network access layer into two more defined layers – the
physical layer and the data link layer – to perform the
required tasks.

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