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TCP/IP and OSI Modal
OSI Reference Model:-
The seven layers of the OSI model are as follows:
· Physical layer: Converts the data into the stream of electric or
analog pulses that will actually cross the transmission medium
and oversees the transmission of the data
· Data Link layer: Provides an interface with the network
adapter; maintains logical links for the subnet
· Network layer: Supports logical addressing and routing
· Transport layer: Provides error control and flow control for
the internetwork
· Session layer: Establishes sessions between communicating
applications on the communicating computers
· Presentation layer: Translates data to a standard format;
manages encryption and data compression
· Application layer: Provides a network interface for
applications; supports network applications for file transfer,
communications, and so forth
TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model. The
four layers of model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and
Network Interface. Each layer in model corresponds to one or
more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) model.
The APRANET initially started with four Internet message
processors (IMPs), located at the UCLA, UCSA, Stanford
research institute and the University of Utah. In the early years,
the purpose and usage of the APRANET network was widely
discussed, leading to many enhancements and modifications as
the users steady increased and requested demanded more from
the network. As time passed many enhancements were made to
the existing protocol but by 1973 it was clear that NCP
(Network Control Protocol) was unable to handle the volume of
traffic passing through it network and proposed a new
functionality. A new protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control
Protocol / Internet Protocol was developed over time to replace
NCP.
Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model
TCP/IP modal
OSI modal
1. The TCP/IP model doesn’t clearly distinguish between
service, interval and protocol.
1. The OSI model originally distinguishes between service,
interval and protocols.
2. The TCP/IP model is an implementation of the OSI model.
2. The OSI model is a reference model.
3. In TCP/TP model, the protocols came first, and the model
was really just a description of the existing protocols.
3. In OSI model, the protocols came after the model was
described.
4. In TCP/IP model , the protocols are not hidden.
4. In OSI model, the protocols are better hidden.
5. The TCP/IP model has only 4 layers.
5. The OSI model has 7 layers.
6. The TCP/IP model supports both connectionless and
connection-oriented communication in the transport layer.
giving users the choice.
6. The OSI model supports both connectionless and connection-
oriented communication in the network layer, but only
connection -oriented communication in transport layer.
Reference
· Where Wizards Stay Up Late - Katie Hafner and Matthew
Lyons
Inside the PC - Peter Norton

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  • 1. TCP/IP and OSI Modal OSI Reference Model:- The seven layers of the OSI model are as follows: · Physical layer: Converts the data into the stream of electric or analog pulses that will actually cross the transmission medium and oversees the transmission of the data · Data Link layer: Provides an interface with the network adapter; maintains logical links for the subnet · Network layer: Supports logical addressing and routing · Transport layer: Provides error control and flow control for the internetwork · Session layer: Establishes sessions between communicating applications on the communicating computers · Presentation layer: Translates data to a standard format; manages encryption and data compression · Application layer: Provides a network interface for applications; supports network applications for file transfer, communications, and so forth TCP/IP Protocol Architecture TCP/IP protocols map to a four-layer conceptual model. The four layers of model are: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface. Each layer in model corresponds to one or more layers of the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The APRANET initially started with four Internet message processors (IMPs), located at the UCLA, UCSA, Stanford research institute and the University of Utah. In the early years, the purpose and usage of the APRANET network was widely discussed, leading to many enhancements and modifications as the users steady increased and requested demanded more from the network. As time passed many enhancements were made to
  • 2. the existing protocol but by 1973 it was clear that NCP (Network Control Protocol) was unable to handle the volume of traffic passing through it network and proposed a new functionality. A new protocol TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol was developed over time to replace NCP. Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model TCP/IP modal OSI modal 1. The TCP/IP model doesn’t clearly distinguish between service, interval and protocol. 1. The OSI model originally distinguishes between service, interval and protocols. 2. The TCP/IP model is an implementation of the OSI model. 2. The OSI model is a reference model. 3. In TCP/TP model, the protocols came first, and the model was really just a description of the existing protocols. 3. In OSI model, the protocols came after the model was described. 4. In TCP/IP model , the protocols are not hidden. 4. In OSI model, the protocols are better hidden. 5. The TCP/IP model has only 4 layers. 5. The OSI model has 7 layers. 6. The TCP/IP model supports both connectionless and connection-oriented communication in the transport layer. giving users the choice. 6. The OSI model supports both connectionless and connection-
  • 3. oriented communication in the network layer, but only connection -oriented communication in transport layer. Reference · Where Wizards Stay Up Late - Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyons Inside the PC - Peter Norton