How to create an Animation using Multimedia .ppt

CMPD273 Multimedia System
Prepared by Nazrita Ibrahim © UNITEN2002
Multimedia Building Block : Animation
References:
T. Vaughan, “Multimedia: Making It Works 5th Edition”, Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 2001
S. McGloughlin, “Multimedia: Concepts and Practice”, Prentice Hall, 2001

The power of animation
• Animation is achieved by adding motion to still
image/object.
• creation of moving pictures one frame at a time.
• Animation grabs attention.

Process / Information transition
• Animation can be used to describe complex
information / process in an easier way
– Perform visual cues (e.g. how things work)

Process / Information transition
Commission Sales_amount Sales_date Customer ID
ALTER TABLE sales
ADD customer_name char(30) null
ADD
Customer_name
DROP
ALTER TABLE sales
DROP COLUMN sales_date

Object movement
• Simple animated GIF
• Complex scene

How animation works
Animation is possible because of
• a biological phenomenon known as persistence
of vision
– An object seen by human eye remains chemically
mapped on the eye’s retina for a brief time after
viewing
• a psychological phenomenon called Phi
– Human’s mind need to conceptually complete the
perceived action i.e. translating the action

How animation works
• Combination of these two (persistence of vision + phi)
make it possible for a series of images that are changed
very slightly and very rapidly, one after another, to
seemingly blend together into a visual illusion of
movement.
• E.g. a few cells or frames of rotating logo, when
continuously and rapidly changed, the arrow of the
compass is perceived to be spinning.

How animation works
Still images are flashed in sequence to
provide the illusion of animation

How animation works
• The speed of the image changes is called the frame rate.
• Film is typically delivered at 24 frames per second (fps)
• In reality, the projector light flashes twice per frame, thus
increasing the flicker rate to 48 times per second to
remove any flicker effect.
• The more interruptions per second, the more continuous
the beam of light appears, the smoother the animation.

Animation techniques
• Cel animation
• Computer animation
– Digital cel & sprite animation
– Key frame animation
• Hybrid technique
• Kinematics
• Morphing

Animation by Computer
• Types of Animation:-
• Two-dimensional (2-D)space.(simple)
• “2½-D” space (More complicated )
(where shadowing, highlights, and forced
perspective provide an illusion of depth, the third
dimension)
•

• 3-D space (complex)
• virtual realm in three dimensions, and changes
(motion) are calculated along all three axes (x, y,
and z),
• allowing an image or object that itself is created
with a front, back, sides,top, and bottom to move
toward or away from the viewer,

• 2-D animations- simple and static,
not changing their position on the screen
• Path animation - provides motion, changing
the location of an image along a predetermined
path (position) during a specified amount of time

In path-based 2-D and 2½-D animation
• Animator
– creates an object
– describes a path for the object to follow
• Software
– creating the animation

In cel-based 2-D animation
• Animator
– Provides each frame of an animation
• Software
– Putting together the frames into a single fie of images

In 3-D animation
• Animator
– creating the models of individual objects
– designing the characteristics of their
shapes and surfaces.
• Software
– computes the movement of the objects within the 3-D
space
– renders each frame, in the end stitching them together
in a digital output fie

Animation techniques – Cel Animation
Made famous by Disney
1) A series of progressively different graphics are used for
each frame of film
2) Elements in a scene that might move are drawn on
sheets of transparent material called ‘cel’,
3) It is laid over a background which is drawn separately
4) In producing a sequence, only the moving elements
on the cel need to be redrawn for each frame, the fixed
part of the scene need only be made once.

Animation techniques – Cel Animation
• Animation is drawn between keyframes.
– Key frames identify the start and end of some action
– The process of filling in the action is called tweening.
• Tweening is a process which requires calculating the
number of frames between keyframes and the path the
action takes, and then actually sketching on to a cel the
series of progressively different outlines.

• Pencil test-As tweening progresses, the action
sequence is checked by flipping through
the frames.
• The penciled frames are assembled and then
actually fimed as a
• pencil test to check smoothness, continuity, and
timing
• If satisfactory, they are permanently inked,
photocopied onto cels, and given to artists who
use acrylic colors to paint the details for each cel

Computer Animation – Key Frame Animation
• Keyframes :
– Are drawn to provide the detailed characteristic of
characters at important points in the animation.
– Example, specify the start and end of a walk, the top
and bottom of the fall.
• 3D modeling and animation software will do the
tweening process
– It fill in the gaps between the keyframes and create a
smooth animation.
– You just set the value of frames per second (fps) for
your animation.

Computer Animation – Key Frame Animation

Animation Techniques - Kinematics
• The study of the movement and motion of
structures that have joints, such as a walking man.
• Need to calculate the position, rotation, velocity,
and acceleration of all the joints and articulated parts
involved—knees ,bend, hips flex, shoulders swing, and
the head
• 3-D modeling program, provides preassembled adjustable
human models (male, female, infant, teenage, and
superhero) in many poses, such as “walking” or “thinking.”

Inverse kinematics
• Process by which you link objects such as hands
to arms and define their relationships and limits
– for example, elbows cannot bend backward

Animation techniques - Morphing
• The process of transitioning from one image to another

Animation Techniques - Morphing
• When morphing, few key elements (such as a nose from
both images) are set to share the same location (one the
final image).

Animation Techniques - Morphing

Animation File Formats
• Windows Media files : .avi, .asf or .wmv
• Apple QuickTime files: .qt or .mov
• Motion video files : .mpeg or .mpg
• Flash files : .swf
• Shockwaves files : .dcr
• Animated GIF : .gif

Creating Animation
• Use digital camera to capture each drawn frame.
• Scan the drawn image/frame.
• Video camera (connected through video capture
card) is connected directly to computer to capture
each frame of animation on disk – let it be on
paper, cel, constructed on 3D set or by any other
techniques discussed.

Creating Animation
• Software tool can help create object such as:
– Rolling ball

Creating Animation
– Create eight rotated images at 45-degree incremental
angle, rotating a full circle of 360-degrees.
– when displayed sequentially at the same location, the
sphere spins.
– Calculation is needed in order to create a smooth
rolling effect.

Creating Animation
A bouncing ball
– Gravity makes the ball speed up as it falls and slow
down as it rises
– Formula: s = 1/2gt2

Creating Animation
Animated scene
– Few images are combined together.
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How to create an Animation using Multimedia .ppt

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