Delivered at ACSC in Canberra on 10 April 2018.
Associated intelligence requirements spreadsheet is available for download at https://www.dropbox.com/s/rtisz5zdy5sl1w1/ACSC-Reqs.xlsx?dl=0
Recently, NTT published the Global Threat Intelligence Report 2016 (GTIR). This year’s report focused both on the changes in threat trends and on how security organizations around the world can use the kill chain to help defend the enterprise.
Turning threat intelligence data from multiple sources into actionable, contextual information is a challenge faced by many organizations today. The Global Threat Intelligence Platform provides increased efficiency, reduces risks and focuses on global coverage with accurate and up-to-date threat intelligence.
This presentation was given at Carnegie Mellon University by Kenji Takahashi, VP of Product Management, Security at NTT Innovation Institute.
Cyber threat intelligence: maturity and metricsMark Arena
From SANS Cyber Threat Intelligence Summit 2016. What are the characteristics of a mature cyber threat intelligence program, and how do you develop meaningful metrics? Traditionally, intelligence has been about providing decision
support to executives whilst the field of cyber threat intelligence supports this customer, and network defenders, who have different requirements. By using the intelligence cycle, this talk will
seek to help attendees understand how they can identify what a mature intelligence program looks like and the steps to take their program to the next level.
Title: Welcome to the world of Cyber Threat Intelligence!
Abstract: Welcome to the world of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)! During this presentation, we will discuss about some of the basic concepts within CTI domain and we will have a look at the current threat landscape as observed from the trenches. The presentation is split into 3 parts: a) Intro to CTI, b) A view at the current threat landscape, and c) CTI analyst skillset.
Short Bio: Andreas Sfakianakis is a Cyber Threat Intelligence and Incident Response professional and works for Standard and Poors' CTI team. He is also a member of ENISA’s CTI Stakeholders’ Group and Incident Response Working Group. He is the author of a number of CTI reports and an instructor of CTI. In the past, Andreas has worked within the Financial and Oil & Gas sectors as well as an external reviewer for European Commission. Andreas' Twitter handle is @asfakian and his website is www.threatintel.eu
Recently, NTT published the Global Threat Intelligence Report 2016 (GTIR). This year’s report focused both on the changes in threat trends and on how security organizations around the world can use the kill chain to help defend the enterprise.
Turning threat intelligence data from multiple sources into actionable, contextual information is a challenge faced by many organizations today. The Global Threat Intelligence Platform provides increased efficiency, reduces risks and focuses on global coverage with accurate and up-to-date threat intelligence.
This presentation was given at Carnegie Mellon University by Kenji Takahashi, VP of Product Management, Security at NTT Innovation Institute.
Cyber threat intelligence: maturity and metricsMark Arena
From SANS Cyber Threat Intelligence Summit 2016. What are the characteristics of a mature cyber threat intelligence program, and how do you develop meaningful metrics? Traditionally, intelligence has been about providing decision
support to executives whilst the field of cyber threat intelligence supports this customer, and network defenders, who have different requirements. By using the intelligence cycle, this talk will
seek to help attendees understand how they can identify what a mature intelligence program looks like and the steps to take their program to the next level.
Title: Welcome to the world of Cyber Threat Intelligence!
Abstract: Welcome to the world of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI)! During this presentation, we will discuss about some of the basic concepts within CTI domain and we will have a look at the current threat landscape as observed from the trenches. The presentation is split into 3 parts: a) Intro to CTI, b) A view at the current threat landscape, and c) CTI analyst skillset.
Short Bio: Andreas Sfakianakis is a Cyber Threat Intelligence and Incident Response professional and works for Standard and Poors' CTI team. He is also a member of ENISA’s CTI Stakeholders’ Group and Incident Response Working Group. He is the author of a number of CTI reports and an instructor of CTI. In the past, Andreas has worked within the Financial and Oil & Gas sectors as well as an external reviewer for European Commission. Andreas' Twitter handle is @asfakian and his website is www.threatintel.eu
Threat intelligence is information that informs enterprise defenders of adversarial elements to stop them.
It is information that is relevant to the organization, has business value, and is actionable.
If you having all data and feeds then data alone isn’t intelligence.
#Threat #Intelligence #Forensics #ELK #Forensics #VAPT #SOC #SIEM #Incident #D3pak
6 Steps for Operationalizing Threat IntelligenceSirius
The best form of defense against cyber attacks and those who perpetrate them is to know about them. Collaborative defense has become critical to IT security, and sharing threat intelligence is a force multiplier. But for many organizations, good quality intelligence is hard to come by.
Commercial threat intelligence technology and services can help enterprises arm themselves with the strategic, tactical and operational insights they need to identify and respond to global threat activity, and integrate intelligence into their security programs.
Threat intelligence sources have varying levels of relevance and context, and there are concerns about data quality and redundancy, shelf life, public/private data sharing, and threat intelligence standards. However, if processed and applied properly, threat intelligence provides a way for organizations to get the insight they need into attackers’ plans, prioritize and respond to threats, shorten the time between attack and detection, and focus staff efforts and decision-making.
View to learn:
--The difference between threat information and threat intelligence.
--Available sources of intelligence and how to determine if they apply to your business.
--Key steps for preparing to ingest threat information and turn it into intelligence.
--How to derive useful data that helps you achieve your business goals.
--Tools that are available to make collaboration easier.
Cyber Threat Intelligence - It's not just about the feedsIain Dickson
Presented at BSides Perth 2019
Synopsis:
Although the practice of collecting and using intelligence has been studied and conducted by governments and the military for centuries, it’s relative application to Cyber Security has only recently been highlighted. This area of infosec has been termed Cyber Threat Intelligence, where the marriage of traditional intelligence techniques and analysis with deep technical understanding within the Cyber domain are used to predict future actions by threats through long term analysis and modelling. This approach is then used to support both proactive and reactive cyber security actions, from incident response to penetration testing. This presentation focuses on threat intelligence from a practical data perspective, moving away from just the commercial concept of threat intelligence feeds (although these form one part of the equation). This presentation will approach threat intelligence from an analysts perspective of what questions needs to be answered to effectively investigate an incident, using the Diamond Model and Cyber Kill Chain as framing devices. These questions will then lead to examples of the data that can be used to answer these questions. Although traditionally data collection has focused on external cyber information, more often than not however, it’s actions outside of those seen within an organisations network, or even outside cyberspace that can provide context to the actions a threat takes. Finally, we provide a number of use cases on which the results of threat intelligence processes can be applied within a Security Operations Centre, including Incident Response as well as traditional Penetration Testing and Red Teaming.
Cyber Threat Intelligence is a process in which information from different sources is collected, then analyzed to identify and detect threats against any environment. The information collected could be evidence-based knowledge that could support the context, mechanism, indicators, or implications about an already existing threat against an environment, and/or the knowledge about an upcoming threat that could potentially affect the environment. Credit: Marlabs Inc
Effective Threat Hunting with Tactical Threat IntelligenceDhruv Majumdar
How to set up a Threat Hunting Team for Active Defense utilizing Cyber Threat Intelligence and how CTI can help a company grow and improve its security posture.
Falcon OverWatch Experts Hunt 24/7 To Stop Incidents Before They Become Breaches
Is your IT security team suffering from alert fatigue? For many organizations, chasing down every security alert can tax an already overburdened IT department, often resulting in a breach that might have been avoided. Adding to this challenge is an increase in sophisticated threats that strike so fast and frequently, traditional methods of investigation and response can’t offer adequate protection.
A new webcast from CrowdStrike, “Proactive Threat Hunting: Game-Changing Endpoint Protection Above and Beyond Alerting,” discusses why so many organizations are vulnerable to unseen threats and alert fatigue, and why having an approach that is both reactive and proactive is key. You’ll also learn about Falcon OverWatch™, CrowdStrike’s proactive threat hunting service that investigates and responds to threats immediately, dramatically increasing your ability to react before a damaging breach occurs.
Download the webcast slides to learn:
--How constantly reacting to alerts prevents you from getting ahead of the potentially damaging threats designed to bypass standard endpoint security
--Why an approach that includes proactive threat hunting, sometimes called Managed Detection and Response, is key to increasing protection against new and advanced threats
--How CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch can provide 24/7 managed threat hunting, augmenting your security efforts with a team of cyber intrusion detection analysts and investigators who proactively identify and prioritize incidents before they become damaging breaches
MITRE ATT&CK is quickly gaining traction and is becoming an important standard to use to assess the overall cyber security posture of an organization. Tools like ATT&CK Navigator facilitate corporate adoption and allow for a holistic overview on attack techniques and how the organization is preventing and detecting them. Furthermore, many vendors, technologies and open-source initiatives are aligning with ATT&CK. Join Erik Van Buggenhout in this presentation, where he will discuss how MITRE ATT&CK can be leveraged in the organization as part of your overall cyber security program, with a focus on adversary emulation.
Erik Van Buggenhout is the lead author of SANS SEC599 - Defeating Advanced Adversaries - Purple Team Tactics & Kill Chain Defenses. Next to his activities at SANS, Erik is also a co-founder of NVISO, a European cyber security firm with offices in Brussels, Frankfurt and Munich.
Building an Intelligence-Driven Security Operations CenterEMC
This white paper describes how an intelligence-driven security operations center (SOC) improves threat detection and response by helping organizations use all available security-related information from both internal and external sources to detect hidden threats and even predict new ones.
Cyber threat Intelligence and Incident Response by:-Sandeep SinghOWASP Delhi
The broad list of topics include (but not limited to):
- What is Threat Intelligence?
- Type of Threat Intelligence?
- Intelligence Lifecycle
- Threat Intelligence - Classification & Vendor Landscape
- Threat Intelligence Standards (STIX, TAXII, etc.)
- Open Source Threat Intel Tools
- Incident Response
- Role of Threat Intel in Incident Response
- Bonus Agenda
Who should attend? Anyone that works in security and wants to leverage their machine data to detect internal and advanced threats, monitor activities in real time, and improve their organization's security posture.
Description: Your adversaries continue to attack and get into companies. You can no longer rely on alerts from point solutions alone to secure your network. To identify and mitigate these advanced threats, analysts must become proactive in identifying not just indicators, but attack patterns and behavior. In this workshop we will walk through a hands-on exercise with a real world attack scenario. The workshop will illustrate how advanced correlations from multiple data sources and machine learning can enhance security analysts capability to detect and quickly mitigate advanced attacks.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Hunters ATT&CKing with the Data, Roberto Rodriguez, Spe...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
With the development of the MITRE ATT&CK framework and its categorization of adversary activity during the attack cycle, understanding what to hunt for has become easier and more efficient than ever. However, organizations are still struggling to understand how they can prioritize the development of hunt hypothesis, assess their current security posture, and develop the right analytics with the help of ATT&CK. Even though there are several ways to utilize ATT&CK to accomplish those goals, there are only a few that are focusing primarily on the data that is currently being collected to drive the success of a hunt program.
This presentation shows how organizations can benefit from mapping their current visibility from a data perspective to the ATT&CK framework. It focuses on how to identify, document, standardize and model current available data to enhance a hunt program. It presents an updated ThreatHunter-Playbook, a Kibana ATT&CK dashboard, a new project named Open Source Security Events Metadata known as OSSEM and expands on the “data sources” section already provided by ATT&CK on most of the documented adversarial techniques.
With more than 50,000 new malware created every day organisations can no longer afford to risk the financial and reputational impacts of a security or data breach, which can be too much for a business to recover from. Because of this, IT managers face increasing scrutiny and pressure from CEOs, managing directors and boards to prove that they are keeping the organisation secure.
The changing threat landscape means organisations need to be vigilant and smarter about security. While businesses still face threats from infected devices and malware, attackers have also moved beyond that. For example, there is an increasing number of targeted email attacks with cyber criminals spending time to monitor communications so they can imitate emails that are so sophisticated that even relatively savvy users will open them.
This webinar will explore the building blocks required to ensure you have the roadmap required to best protection against cyber attacks. We will provide you with a high level view of the following topics:
· Audit and discovery – What are your weaknesses and are you compliant?
· Education – Do your employees know when not to open that attachment?
· Policy – Do you have the right policies for your industry?
· Technology – Where to start and what has changed?
Threat intelligence is information that informs enterprise defenders of adversarial elements to stop them.
It is information that is relevant to the organization, has business value, and is actionable.
If you having all data and feeds then data alone isn’t intelligence.
#Threat #Intelligence #Forensics #ELK #Forensics #VAPT #SOC #SIEM #Incident #D3pak
6 Steps for Operationalizing Threat IntelligenceSirius
The best form of defense against cyber attacks and those who perpetrate them is to know about them. Collaborative defense has become critical to IT security, and sharing threat intelligence is a force multiplier. But for many organizations, good quality intelligence is hard to come by.
Commercial threat intelligence technology and services can help enterprises arm themselves with the strategic, tactical and operational insights they need to identify and respond to global threat activity, and integrate intelligence into their security programs.
Threat intelligence sources have varying levels of relevance and context, and there are concerns about data quality and redundancy, shelf life, public/private data sharing, and threat intelligence standards. However, if processed and applied properly, threat intelligence provides a way for organizations to get the insight they need into attackers’ plans, prioritize and respond to threats, shorten the time between attack and detection, and focus staff efforts and decision-making.
View to learn:
--The difference between threat information and threat intelligence.
--Available sources of intelligence and how to determine if they apply to your business.
--Key steps for preparing to ingest threat information and turn it into intelligence.
--How to derive useful data that helps you achieve your business goals.
--Tools that are available to make collaboration easier.
Cyber Threat Intelligence - It's not just about the feedsIain Dickson
Presented at BSides Perth 2019
Synopsis:
Although the practice of collecting and using intelligence has been studied and conducted by governments and the military for centuries, it’s relative application to Cyber Security has only recently been highlighted. This area of infosec has been termed Cyber Threat Intelligence, where the marriage of traditional intelligence techniques and analysis with deep technical understanding within the Cyber domain are used to predict future actions by threats through long term analysis and modelling. This approach is then used to support both proactive and reactive cyber security actions, from incident response to penetration testing. This presentation focuses on threat intelligence from a practical data perspective, moving away from just the commercial concept of threat intelligence feeds (although these form one part of the equation). This presentation will approach threat intelligence from an analysts perspective of what questions needs to be answered to effectively investigate an incident, using the Diamond Model and Cyber Kill Chain as framing devices. These questions will then lead to examples of the data that can be used to answer these questions. Although traditionally data collection has focused on external cyber information, more often than not however, it’s actions outside of those seen within an organisations network, or even outside cyberspace that can provide context to the actions a threat takes. Finally, we provide a number of use cases on which the results of threat intelligence processes can be applied within a Security Operations Centre, including Incident Response as well as traditional Penetration Testing and Red Teaming.
Cyber Threat Intelligence is a process in which information from different sources is collected, then analyzed to identify and detect threats against any environment. The information collected could be evidence-based knowledge that could support the context, mechanism, indicators, or implications about an already existing threat against an environment, and/or the knowledge about an upcoming threat that could potentially affect the environment. Credit: Marlabs Inc
Effective Threat Hunting with Tactical Threat IntelligenceDhruv Majumdar
How to set up a Threat Hunting Team for Active Defense utilizing Cyber Threat Intelligence and how CTI can help a company grow and improve its security posture.
Falcon OverWatch Experts Hunt 24/7 To Stop Incidents Before They Become Breaches
Is your IT security team suffering from alert fatigue? For many organizations, chasing down every security alert can tax an already overburdened IT department, often resulting in a breach that might have been avoided. Adding to this challenge is an increase in sophisticated threats that strike so fast and frequently, traditional methods of investigation and response can’t offer adequate protection.
A new webcast from CrowdStrike, “Proactive Threat Hunting: Game-Changing Endpoint Protection Above and Beyond Alerting,” discusses why so many organizations are vulnerable to unseen threats and alert fatigue, and why having an approach that is both reactive and proactive is key. You’ll also learn about Falcon OverWatch™, CrowdStrike’s proactive threat hunting service that investigates and responds to threats immediately, dramatically increasing your ability to react before a damaging breach occurs.
Download the webcast slides to learn:
--How constantly reacting to alerts prevents you from getting ahead of the potentially damaging threats designed to bypass standard endpoint security
--Why an approach that includes proactive threat hunting, sometimes called Managed Detection and Response, is key to increasing protection against new and advanced threats
--How CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch can provide 24/7 managed threat hunting, augmenting your security efforts with a team of cyber intrusion detection analysts and investigators who proactively identify and prioritize incidents before they become damaging breaches
MITRE ATT&CK is quickly gaining traction and is becoming an important standard to use to assess the overall cyber security posture of an organization. Tools like ATT&CK Navigator facilitate corporate adoption and allow for a holistic overview on attack techniques and how the organization is preventing and detecting them. Furthermore, many vendors, technologies and open-source initiatives are aligning with ATT&CK. Join Erik Van Buggenhout in this presentation, where he will discuss how MITRE ATT&CK can be leveraged in the organization as part of your overall cyber security program, with a focus on adversary emulation.
Erik Van Buggenhout is the lead author of SANS SEC599 - Defeating Advanced Adversaries - Purple Team Tactics & Kill Chain Defenses. Next to his activities at SANS, Erik is also a co-founder of NVISO, a European cyber security firm with offices in Brussels, Frankfurt and Munich.
Building an Intelligence-Driven Security Operations CenterEMC
This white paper describes how an intelligence-driven security operations center (SOC) improves threat detection and response by helping organizations use all available security-related information from both internal and external sources to detect hidden threats and even predict new ones.
Cyber threat Intelligence and Incident Response by:-Sandeep SinghOWASP Delhi
The broad list of topics include (but not limited to):
- What is Threat Intelligence?
- Type of Threat Intelligence?
- Intelligence Lifecycle
- Threat Intelligence - Classification & Vendor Landscape
- Threat Intelligence Standards (STIX, TAXII, etc.)
- Open Source Threat Intel Tools
- Incident Response
- Role of Threat Intel in Incident Response
- Bonus Agenda
Who should attend? Anyone that works in security and wants to leverage their machine data to detect internal and advanced threats, monitor activities in real time, and improve their organization's security posture.
Description: Your adversaries continue to attack and get into companies. You can no longer rely on alerts from point solutions alone to secure your network. To identify and mitigate these advanced threats, analysts must become proactive in identifying not just indicators, but attack patterns and behavior. In this workshop we will walk through a hands-on exercise with a real world attack scenario. The workshop will illustrate how advanced correlations from multiple data sources and machine learning can enhance security analysts capability to detect and quickly mitigate advanced attacks.
MITRE ATT&CKcon 2018: Hunters ATT&CKing with the Data, Roberto Rodriguez, Spe...MITRE - ATT&CKcon
With the development of the MITRE ATT&CK framework and its categorization of adversary activity during the attack cycle, understanding what to hunt for has become easier and more efficient than ever. However, organizations are still struggling to understand how they can prioritize the development of hunt hypothesis, assess their current security posture, and develop the right analytics with the help of ATT&CK. Even though there are several ways to utilize ATT&CK to accomplish those goals, there are only a few that are focusing primarily on the data that is currently being collected to drive the success of a hunt program.
This presentation shows how organizations can benefit from mapping their current visibility from a data perspective to the ATT&CK framework. It focuses on how to identify, document, standardize and model current available data to enhance a hunt program. It presents an updated ThreatHunter-Playbook, a Kibana ATT&CK dashboard, a new project named Open Source Security Events Metadata known as OSSEM and expands on the “data sources” section already provided by ATT&CK on most of the documented adversarial techniques.
With more than 50,000 new malware created every day organisations can no longer afford to risk the financial and reputational impacts of a security or data breach, which can be too much for a business to recover from. Because of this, IT managers face increasing scrutiny and pressure from CEOs, managing directors and boards to prove that they are keeping the organisation secure.
The changing threat landscape means organisations need to be vigilant and smarter about security. While businesses still face threats from infected devices and malware, attackers have also moved beyond that. For example, there is an increasing number of targeted email attacks with cyber criminals spending time to monitor communications so they can imitate emails that are so sophisticated that even relatively savvy users will open them.
This webinar will explore the building blocks required to ensure you have the roadmap required to best protection against cyber attacks. We will provide you with a high level view of the following topics:
· Audit and discovery – What are your weaknesses and are you compliant?
· Education – Do your employees know when not to open that attachment?
· Policy – Do you have the right policies for your industry?
· Technology – Where to start and what has changed?
With more than 50,000 new malware created every day organisations can no longer afford to risk the financial and reputational impacts of a security or data breach, which can be too much for a business to recover from. Because of this, IT managers face increasing scrutiny and pressure from CEOs, managing directors and boards to prove that they are keeping the organisation secure.
The changing threat landscape means organisations need to be vigilant and smarter about security. While businesses still face threats from infected devices and malware, attackers have also moved beyond that. For example, there is an increasing number of targeted email attacks with cyber criminals spending time to monitor communications so they can imitate emails that are so sophisticated that even relatively savvy users will open them.
This webinar will explore the building blocks required to ensure you have the roadmap required to best protection against cyber attacks. We will provide you with a high level view of the following topics:
· Audit and discovery – What are your weaknesses and are you compliant?
· Education – Do your employees know when not to open that attachment?
· Policy – Do you have the right policies for your industry?
· Technology – Where to start and what has changed?
Vendors, and Risk, and Tigers, and Bears, Oh My: How to Create a Vendor Revie...Wendy Knox Everette
ShmooCon 2020
You’ve just been tasked with creating a vendor review management process at your company, but what does that even mean, and how are you going to do this? Do you need to buy a lot of expensive GRC software and hire an army of compliance staffers? This talk will explain what a vendor review process is and walk through setting one up at your company, using nothing more complicated than email, text files, and maybe some Slack and Google Forms.
Information technology is a complex business, at best. While IT can provide amazing benefits, it still requires vigilance and diligence to ensure it is running correctly and that it is secure. A security framework can be an excellent tool to evaluate what you might be missing and confirm that what you are already doing is spot-on correct. This session will discuss the importance of using security frameworks and walk attendees through the NIST Cyber Security Framework to review how the framework functions, how to use a framework, and most importantly, how the use of a framework can and will benefit their organization.
My Keynote from BSidesTampa 2015 (video in description)Andrew Case
This is the slides from keynote presentation at BSidesTampa 2015. A recording of the talk can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=751bkSD2Nn8&t=1m35s
Threat Intelligence Making your Bespoke Security Operations Centre Work for Y...maximumnetworks
We have a wide range of IT desktop solutions and print services for any business across the UK.
Not only do we offer high-quality services across IT Services we offer business broadband solutions, telecommunications and much, much more.
How to Mitigate Risk From Your Expanding Digital PresenceSurfWatch Labs
The digital presence of organizations continues to expand, and with that expansion comes greater exposure to digital risks. Visibility into those risks is critical in order to effectively manage that risk.
Building an effective Information Security RoadmapElliott Franklin
As company information security functions continue to grow each year with increasing attacks and regulations, how are you handling the
pressure? Are you constantly battling to run the business projects and reacting to customer requests? Have you blocked off a few hours each week
on your calendar to close your email, turn off your phone and try to build, assess and maintain an effective vision for your security team? This
presentation will discuss a cascading approach to creating such a roadmap that is easily understood by executives and has helped gain quick buy
in for multiple enterprise wide security projects.
Much attention has been given to the need for increased automation in security, given the sheer volume of attackers and attacks, the overload of information security pros must wrangle, and the continued high demand for security expertise. But can automation solve all of security’s most serious problems? If not, why not? Will there always be a need for human involvement?
These slides were used in a live webcast featuring, 451 Research Information Security Research Director Scott Crawford and Cigital Managing Principal Nabil Hannan. You can watch this and other webcasts by visiting https://www.cigital.com/resources/.
Some organizations have the resources and skills to secure their IT infrastructure against security threats; however, many organizations cannot do so. Organizations have a state-of-the-art security software solution or pay thousands of dollars for security tools. Even after that, no organization is entirely secure. Certified Threat Intelligence Analyst (C|TIA) allows cybersecurity professionals to enhance their skills in building sufficient organizational cyber threat intelligence. It is a specialist-level program. CTIA is an examination that tests the individuals’ skills and prepares them to make useful threat intelligence in the organization.
Read more: https://www.infosectrain.com/blog/ctia-course-outline/
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GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
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How to build a cyber threat intelligence program
1. How to Build a Cyber
Threat $Intelligence
Program
By Mark Arena
2. Mark Arena
• Australian but hasn’t lived in Australia for 5+ years
• CEO and Founder of Intel 471
• Previously Chief Researcher at iSIGHT Partners (FireEye)
• Previously Technical Specialist at Australian Federal Police
• Over a decade of researching and tracking top tier cyber threat actors
across both government and the commercial space
3. General infosec view on intelligence
When it comes to cyber threat intelligence, the security industry
mostly appears to take the view that indicators of compromise (IOCs)
are the best approach to initiate/drive the intelligence process.
4. CTI: An incident-centric approach
• Begins with detection of an event (reconnaissance or compromise)
• Any time we initiate/drive the intel process from indicators of
compromise (IOCs)
• Enumerate TTPs and Actor (intent, goals, motivation) from IOCs
5. Pros of the incident-centric approach
• Direct relevance is established
• Potentially allows identification of the threat actors and groups that
are targeting your organization
• Provides IOCs that can be used to aid in the identification of
compromise from the same threat actor, campaign and incidents
across an organization.
6. Cons of the incident-centric approach
• Reactive approach initiated after your organization has already been
impacted to some degree.
• Focuses primarily on the attack surface and doesn’t reflect the
process that the threat actor needs to go through to impact your
organization.
• Difficult to be predictive.
8. Attribution - valuable or not?
• Lots of debate in the infosec community re: value of attribution (or
not)
• I believe that attribution to various levels (person, group, nation-
state, etc.) provides valuable insights that support decision-making at
all levels
• Don’t confuse attribution as always meaning to identify the person
behind the keyboard
9. Which actors should I be interested in?
• Actors targeting my organisation
• Actors targeting other organisations in my sector/vertical
• Actors that are enablers for the actors targeting me and my sector
• All prioritised by business impact (intent will drive prioritisation)
10. With actors, we want to understand:
• Who are they?
• What are their associations with enabling actors and partners?
• What are their motivations?
• What are their technical skills and abilities?
• Who are they targeting?
11. Next step
• What are their TTPs?
• Fuse actor-centric information (through analysis) tied to TTPs and
ideally campaigns and even IOCs
12. Pros of the actor-centric approach
• Enables your organization to be proactive and predictive.
• Provides context around an actor’s motivations and their abilities
before an incident occurs.
• Focused on adversary’s business process rather than just the
elements that (could) impact an organization’s attack surface.
13. Cons of the actor-centric approach
• Relevance to your organization might not be readily apparent.
• It is challenging to gain and maintain accesses where threat actors and
groups operate.
• Requires analytical effort to fuse with your other sources of information.
• Requires regularly updated prioritization of threat actors to focus on.
• May be missing IOCs to look for within your organization.
14. Intelligence
“… intelligence is information that has been analyzed and refined so
that it is useful to policymakers in making decisions - specifically,
decisions about potential threats …”
• https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/intelligence/defined
15. Cyber threat intelligence
• Threat is a person with a motivation, goal and sophistication
• Malware isn’t a threat, the person using it is
16. Pop quiz
• The US government’s intelligence community spending is massive
• Who is the #1 customer for the US intelligence community?
• What are the deliverables for that customer?
23. Top 5 challenges for building a CTI program
1. Assessing internal capabilities versus external purchasing
1. Explaining CTI as an enabler, not a hindrance
1. Understanding what a threat is
1. Program metrics and KPIs
1. Common vision re: CTI
27. Planning, Direction, Needs, Requirements
Three requirements lists to build and maintain:
• Production requirements – What will be delivered to the intelligence
customer/consumer.
• Intelligence requirements – What we need to collect to meet our
production requirements.
• Collection requirements – The observables/data inputs we need to
answer our intelligence requirements.
28. Production requirements
• What is needed to be
delivered to the
intelligence customer (the
end consumer of the
intelligence).
Intelligence requirements
• What we need to collect to
be able to meet our
production requirements.
29. Production requirement Intelligence requirements
What vulnerabilities are being
exploited in the world that we
can't defend against or detect?
- What vulnerabilities are
currently being exploited in
the wild?
- What exploited
vulnerabilities can my
organization defend?
- What exploited
vulnerabilities can my
organization detect?
- What vulnerabilities are
being researched by cyber
threat actors?
30. Intelligence requirements
• What we need to collect to
be able to meet our
production requirements.
Collection requirements
• The observables/data
inputs we need to answer
the intelligence
requirement.
31. Intelligence requirements Collection requirements
What vulnerabilities are
currently being exploited in the
wild?
- Liaison with other
organizations in the same
market sector.
- Liaison with other members
of the information security
industry.
- Open source feeds of
malicious URLs, exploit
packs, etc mapped to
vulnerability/vulnerabilities
being exploited.
- Online forum monitoring
where exploitation of
vulnerabilities are
discussed/sold/etc.
32. Intelligence requirements Collection requirements
What vulnerabilities are
being researched by cyber
threat actors?
- Online forum monitoring.
- Social network monitoring.
- Blog monitoring.
33. XYZ Online Introduction
• XYZ Online is a US headquartered company (approx. 5000 employees)
that sells numerous goods online that ship to most places worldwide
• Has Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
• Has 4 person cyber threat intelligence team
35. Discussion - 2
• Discuss what are some intelligence requirements for these
production requirements:
• What vulnerabilities are in XYZ Online software or infrastructure are being
actively exploited?
• What vulnerabilities are in XYZ Online software or infrastructure that we can’t
defend against or detect?
• How do we stop or reduce XYZ Online being scammed through fraudulent
transactions?
37. PR
#
Production Requirement Intelligence
Consumer
1 What vulnerabilities are in XYZ Online
software or infrastructure are being
actively exploited?
IT Security and
Vulnerability
Management teams
2 What vulnerabilities are in XYZ Online
software or infrastructure that we can’t
defend against or detect?
IT Security and
Vulnerability
Management teams
3 How do we stop or reduce XYZ Online
being scammed through fraudulent
transactions?
Fraud
38. What vulnerabilities are in XYZ Online software
or infrastructure are being actively exploited?
Intelligence requirements examples:
• What vulnerabilities are currently being exploited against Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)?
• What vulnerabilities are currently being exploited against Apache
Cassandra?
39. What vulnerabilities are currently being
exploited against Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
(EC2)?
Collection requirements examples:
• Liaison with other ecommerce companies
• Liaison with Amazon’s EC2 security team
• Open sources
• Social media monitoring
• Online cyber crime forum monitoring
40. Requirements updates
• Update your requirements at least bi-annually
• Changing threat landscape
• Changing internal security posture
• Changing business needs
• Ad hoc requirements should be a subset of an existing requirement
• If it doesn’t fit, your original requirements are either not comprehensive
enough or poorly written
41. Traceability
Enables the business justification of:
• Increased staff versus requirements asked of intel team
• Vendor purchases/subscriptions
42. Once you have your collection requirements
• Look at what is feasible.
• Consider risk/cost/time of doing something in-house versus using an external
provider
• Task out individual collection requirements internally or to external
providers as guidance.
• Track internal team/capability and external provider ability to collect
against the assigned guidance.
43. Collection
• Characteristics of intelligence collection:
• Source of collection or characterization of source provided
• Source reliability and information credibility assessed
• Some types of intelligence collection:
• Open source intelligence (OSINT)
• Human intelligence (HUMINT)
• Liaison/outreach
• Technical collection
44. NATO’s admiralty system
• Used for evaluating intelligence collection
Reliability of Source Accuracy of Data
A - Completely reliable
B - Usually reliable
C - Fairly reliable
D - Not usually reliable
E – Unreliable
F - Reliability cannot be
judged
1 - Confirmed by other
sources
2 - Probably True
3 - Possibly True
4 – Doubtful
5 – Improbable
6 - Truth cannot be judged
45. Processing / Exploitation
• Is your intelligence collection easily consumable?
• Standards
• Centralized data/information (not 10 portals to use)
• APIs
• Language issues?
• Threat intelligence platforms (TIPs) can help you here
46. Intelligence analysis
• Analysts who are able to deal with incomplete information and
predict what has likely occurred and what is likely to happen.
48. Words of estimative probability
• Consistency in words used to estimate probability of things occurring
or not occurring, i.e.
100% Certainty
The General Area of Possibility
93% give or take about 6% Almost certain
75% give or take about 12% Probable
50% give or take about 10% Chances about even
30% give or take about 10% Probably not
7% give or take about 5% Almost certainly not
0% Impossibility
49. Not analysis
• Dealing with facts only (intelligence analysts aren’t newspaper
reporters)
• Reporting on the past only, no predictive intelligence
• Copy and pasting intelligence reports from vendors
• You have outsourced your intelligence function
50. Dissemination
• Intelligence products written with each piece of collection used
graded and linked to source.
• Intelligence products sent to consumers based on topic and
requirements met.
• What information gaps do we have?
51. Feedback loop
• We need to receive information from our intelligence customers on:
• Timeliness
• Relevance
• What requirements were met?
• This will allow identification of intelligence (collection) sources that
are supporting your requirements and which aren’t
52. Intelligence program KPIs
• Quantity – How many intelligence reports produced?
• Quality – Feedback from intelligence consumers
• Timeliness, relevance and requirements met
53. Observing the adversary
• Your own attack surface ← #1 way to observe as it relates to you
• The attack surface of other people like you (ISACs and sharing)
• Technical collection (botnet/campaign tracking and emulation)
• Actor communications (the underground)
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--------------------------------THE PERIMETER--------------------------------
55. Questions?
• My blog on intelligence program tradecraft and strategy
https://medium.com/@markarenaau
Editor's Notes
Mark does introduction to talk
Lots of job offers mentioned because there is currently:
Huge demand in CTI hires
Not enough supply of good CTI hires
Poll the audience to see whether they want the discussion to be in a big group or break out into smaller groups
Direct relevance is established, as the intelligence effort dovetails from an incident response that has already impacted your organization;
Doesn’t cover a threat actor seeking:
Exploits to purchase;
Malware to purchase;
Hosting
Don’t focus on just actors targeting you now. That’s like brand monitoring in the underground
Enablers: infrastructure hosters, exploit writers, malware developers etc
- Analyzed and refined (by a person, i.e. an analyst)
- “Policymakers” in this example means customized your intelligence consumers within your organization
Office of the president
Deliverables: President’s Daily Brief (written and presentations)
Talk about frequency
Mark slide
1. Link capabilities needed with good requirements identification and management
DaMon’s story
Mark slide
Mark slide
Can be a case of garbage in, garbage out
Traceability between each part is very important so you can map things back to the business need and intelligence customer you are supporting
Poll the audience for who has the following documented:
Production requirements
Intelligence requirements
Collection requirements
Talk about intelligence customers based on these requirements
Group break out for 5 minutes. How can we potentially collect on this (collection requirements identification)?
Liaison with other ecommerce companies – Communication with other companies that use EC2.
Liaison with Amazon’s EC2 security team.
Conferences – This is to collect information from conferences which may cover or focus on Amazon EC2 vulnerabilities and exploitation.
Open sources – Examples include news articles. This is to identify articles or coverage Amazon EC2 vulnerabilities and/or exploitation.
Social media monitoring – This is to identify discussions around Amazon EC2 vulnerabilities and/or exploitation.
Online forum monitoring – This is to identify hacker discussions on Amazon EC2 vulnerabilities and/or exploitation. Will include coverage of criminal marketplaces where vulnerabilities and exploits are bought and sold.
Talk about justifying vendor purchases
Human intelligence is when you talk to the bad guy to obtain information. Human intelligence isn’t a person analysing information
At the top is things directly relevant to you
At the top is being the most reactive - like doing a boxing match with your hands tied by your back
At the bottom is being the most proactive
