How textiles can be used in everyday life and industry
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Textiles are used in many everyday and industrial applications beyond just clothing. They are used to make items like sheets, towels, carpets, and upholstery as well as specialized products like space suits, artificial hearts, soil covers, and medical gowns and sutures. Textiles also have important industrial uses such as filters, liners, sails, tires, parachutes, conveyor belts, and components of vehicles, buildings, and machinery.
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This document discusses various fibres used in technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as materials selected for their performance properties rather than aesthetic qualities. The document then categorizes fibres used in technical textiles into conventional, high strength/modulus organic, high chemical/combustion resistant, high performance inorganic, and ultra fine/novelty fibres. Specific fibres discussed in more detail include polyethylene, polyester, nylon, carbon, polypropylene, glass, and metal fibres. Their properties and applications in areas like transportation, medical, construction, and protection are outlined. In closing, the document notes the high estimated growth rates of the technical textiles market between 2007-2012.
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This document discusses various fibres used in technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as materials selected for their performance properties rather than aesthetic qualities. The document then categorizes fibres used in technical textiles into conventional, high strength/modulus organic, high chemical/combustion resistant, high performance inorganic, and ultra fine/novelty fibres. Specific fibres discussed in more detail include polyethylene, polyester, nylon, carbon, polypropylene, glass, and metal fibres. Their properties and applications in areas like transportation, medical, construction, and protection are outlined. In closing, the document notes the high estimated growth rates of the technical textiles market between 2007-2012.
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- Different seam types are used for functional or aesthetic purposes and are defined by factors like strength, elasticity, durability, and comfort levels.
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Knit fragments dating back to 250 BC
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This presentation discusses different types of seams, including 8 seam classes. It begins by defining a seam as the line where fabric layers are joined, which can be done through sewing or other methods. Key points include:
- Seam classes include superimposed, lapped, bound, flat, decorative, edge finishing, applied, and other seams.
- Different seam types are used for functional or aesthetic purposes and are defined by factors like strength, elasticity, durability, and comfort levels.
- Seam quality is measured by parameters such as size, slippage strength, and strength to break the seam or materials.
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The document discusses different types of sewing machine needles, their uses, and sizing. It describes the parts of a needle, various point styles for different fabrics, and provides guidance on selecting the proper needle size based on the fabric weight. Recommendations are given for needles suited to tasks like denim, embroidery, quilting, and specialty fabrics.
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Knit fragments dating back to 250 BC
◦
Compared to 9,000 years for wovens
y
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◦
Did not gain popularity until around 1,000 AD
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This document discusses technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as textile products manufactured primarily for their performance and functional properties rather than aesthetic or decorative characteristics. It then discusses various segments of technical textiles including agro-tech, build-tech, cloth-tech, geo-tech, home-tech, industrials textiles, medi-tech, mobil-tech, oeko-tech, pack-tech, pro-tech and sport-tech. It provides examples of materials used for different technical textile segments including natural fibers, regenerated fibers, synthetic fibers, specialty fibers and high-tech fibers. The document concludes with discussing the application stages and uses of technical fibers.
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Warp knitting is a method of knitting where loops are formed vertically along the length of fabric from warp yarns. There are several types of warp knitting including tricot, raschel, and milanese knits. Tricot knits use compound needles and are used for fabrics like lingerie, loungewear, and uniforms. Raschel knits use latch needles and heavier yarns, producing more textured fabrics for applications like carpets, home textiles, and outerwear. Milanese knits form diagonal patterns and are often made from filament yarns into lightweight fabrics.
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The document provides an overview of the total textile finishing process. It discusses various finishing machines and their functions, including squeezers, slitting machines, stenter machines, tube compactors, open width compactors, and raising machines. It also covers different types of finishing processes like softening, stiffening, antimicrobial finishing, UV protection, fireproofing, and nano-finishing. The document includes machine parameters, process flow charts, and development points for quality control.
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Braiding involves interlacing three or more yarns or strips diagonally to form flat or tubular fabrics. There are two main types of braids: circular/tubular braids formed around a central core, and flat braids made of narrow strips. Circular braiding machines have an even number of carriers that rotate in opposite directions, interlacing the yarns to form a tubular braid. The size of the braid depends on factors like yarn diameter and number of yarns. Braids are used for industrial belts, ropes, electrical wires and cables, and aircraft components.
Mercerization
1. Mercerization is a finishing treatment for cotton that improves luster, hardness, and other properties by treating cotton with a strong alkaline solution.
2. It involves immersing cotton yarn or fabric under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide solution, then neutralizing it in acid. This causes swelling of the cotton fibers and increases their luster.
3. The ideal conditions for mercerization are a caustic concentration of 250-320 g/L at 18-20°C for 30-60 seconds, as this provides the best luster with minimal shrinkage.
Non woven textiles
This document discusses non-woven textiles. It covers raw materials like cotton, rayon, wool, polyamide/polyester and acrylic. It describes properties of non-wovens like fiber description, bonding agents, binder mechanisms, classification of binders and types of binders. It also discusses manufacturing steps for non-wovens including wet laid, dry laid, air laying, spun laid and melt blown processes. Finally, it outlines bonding techniques such as mechanical, chemical and thermal bonding.
Sewing thread
Sewing threads are engineered yarns designed to pass through sewing machines without breaking. They are produced from fibers like cotton, polyester, nylon, silk, and linen. Thread construction involves twisting fibers or filaments together, with the amount of twist and direction of twist affecting the thread's strength and performance. Different thread types are suitable for various fabrics and purposes, such as cotton for breathability and polyester for durability. Thread finishes further enhance qualities like strength and abrasion resistance. Good sewing threads sew easily, make durable seams, and in the case of decorative threads, are aesthetically pleasing.
Flock printing
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knitted fabric Manufacturing Process
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
non woven
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This document discusses resin finishing, which is a process that adds crease resistance and recovery properties to cotton fabrics. It involves applying cross-linking resins like DMDHEU to the fabric using a chemical finishing process with water and heat. The resins chemically bond to the cotton fibers and prevent creasing during wear and laundering. The document covers the types of resins used, the objectives of resin finishing, its advantages and disadvantages, how resin concentration and curing temperature affect properties, and provides an example resin finishing recipe.
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When choosing organic clothing and textiles, it helps to reduce the use of toxic and persistent pesticides, and in turn, protect the health and the planet. It is easy to understand the hazards of such clothing on our skin, which is the largest organ of our body.
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- 1. CLOTHING & TEXTILES STANDARD 2.1.1 EXPLAIN HOW TEXTILES ARE USED IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND INDUSTRY
- 2. HOW ARE TEXTILES USED EVERYDAY? • Clothing is not the only use of textile products. • Textiles are used to make sheets, towels, upholstery, carpets, umbrellas, filters, space suits, etc.. • Football turf is made from textiles. • Artificial hearts use textiles as well. • Textiles are used for everything from blouses to buildings.
- 3. Environmental Control: • Nylon ”whale” that sucks up oil spills • Soil coverings for erosion control • Liners for ponds and lakes • Hollow fibers for converting sea water to fresh water • Liners for toxic waste disposal • Filters for smokestacks
- 4. HEALTH CARE • Disposal gowns and bed linens • Uniforms for medical personnel • Artificial organs and joints • Human artery and vessel replacements • Dressings • Sutures for sewing together wounds and incisions
- 5. HOME, SCHOOL, AND OFFICE • Points for felt-tip pens • Book covers • Carpeting • Upholstery fabrics • Carpeting • Towels • Curtains and drapes • Bedspreads, sheets, and blankets
- 6. RECREATION • Sails • Ropes • Fishing lines and lures • Nets • Mats • Tents • Backpacks • Balls and ball gloves • Golf Bags • Air supported fabric roofs for stadiums
- 7. TRANSPORTATION • Tire cord • Air bags • Seats and floor coverings • Filters and hoses • Underlayments for highway construction • Parachutes • Hot air balloons • Conveyer belts for lifts • Reinforcement for bridges
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