How Can Photoshop Use The Brush Engine Help Its Fullest...

How Can Photoshop Use The Brush Engine Help Its Fullest...
Each version of Photoshop since P7 has offered a brush engine, allowing you greater control over
your painted effects. It was heralded as a breakthrough when it was created, and since then it 's only
become better with age in each successive update. To learn how to use the brush engine to its fullest
capacity, let 's look at how a custom brush can make something as simple as a coin come to life
before your eyes (and not in that creepy, muppet sort of way.) (Disclaimer: I 've had people ask me
complex questions about getting into the professional photography business. While I have friends in
the profession and know that Photoshop is a necessary tool for the modern photographer, I 'm not in
the business, so I can 't answer related questions; I just have a knack for retouching the photos of
friends and family and am familiar with the workings of the program.) First we start by creating the
path of the coin. It 's generally simpler to begin with an example in front of you, so try scanning the
coin you want to use into the program. Next, click on the Pen Tool to trace a path around the coin 's
shape. You don 't have to be exact, just get the general shape. You need to fill the shape you just
made with black "paint". Click on the Paths Palette, then right–click on "Make a Selection". Hold
down the Alt button and press Backspace. At this point, there should be some transparency visible
behind the image of your coin; if necessary, conceal the background and other layers by going
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Oral Cancer Analysis Using Tongue Image Essay
Here, the Fig 3(b) Patient with Oral Cancer. Diseases caused by excessive use of tobacco and
alcohol consumption leads to the difference in tongue color. Thus tongue can be characterized with
different assesses. More detailed study on the causes of the cancer can be done in the ref([7],[9]).
The common assessments of the tongue can be detailed as follows Fig 2: Tongue with different
shape characteristics
Width: A wide tongue on the whole shows a composed physical and mental character. A lack of
physical flexibility with noticeable strengths and weaknesses is depicted by the narrowness of a
tongue. They may be very sharp thinkers but usually have a narrow view or opinion. A generally
loose and expanded physical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Blue or purple color suggests the stagnation of blood circulation and a grave fading of the part of the
digestive system that is connected to the zone of the tongue. Internal conditions can be understood
by analyzing the color on the underneath of the tongue. As a summary, the colors and surplus of a
white patch or a red patch on the soft tongue tissues designates a fading of the immune capacity of
the blood vessels and shows that the patient is suffering from oral cancer. More detailed study about
the characteristics can be done in ref[8].
Fig 3:(a)Normal Tongue, (b) Diseased Tongue
Image Segmentation
The usual technique is to find points on the floor of the target image, which is used as the base of
image, and then to give an initial two–dimensional curve and make it astringe to the edge of the
target according to dynamics mechanism. This approach is appropriate when the general form of the
target is fixed. But human tongue is not always flat when it is extended out of the mouth. There will
be some variations in the forms and therefore it is not suitable for this algorithm. We adopt the
component H (Hue) and V (Value) of HSV space to decide the initial position of tongue.
Then level set algorithm technique is implemented to obtain the better segmentation results.
Fig 4:Region of interest to diagnose the

A Study On Image Detection
Chapter 3. Image Detection 1. Introduction Using right algorithm, can make image sensor sense or
detect practically anything. Image sensors are one of the important sensors been used in robotics
industry because they are so flexible, but there are two drawbacks with these kind of sensors: 1)they
output lots of data, dozens of megabytes per second, and 2) processing this amount of data can
overwhelm many processors. And even if the processor can keep up with the data, much of its
processing power won't be available for other tasks. Pixy cmucam5 solved these two problems by
intelligent way, it faced and solved these problems by paring a powerful dedicated processor with
the image sensor. Now pixy can processes images from the image sensor and only sends the useful
information (e.g. position of object been assigned before by giving its x and y orientation) to
whatever microcontroller you have. This microcontroller then use this data as input then process it
to the actuators. Pixy does this data analyzing and processing at rate (50Hz). And information which
processed by pixy can available through several interfaces: UART serial, SPI, I2C, digital out, or
analog out. So it is easy to communicate with pixy with Arduino or any other microcontroller and at
the same time still have a very large or plenty of CPU available for other tasks. Fig (1) I/O port
pinouts Fig (2) Pixy 's ports (back of Pixy) Hue based

Rebelling Colors. Carlos Cruz-Diez, “Chroma" May Be...
Rebelling Colors
Carlos Cruz–Diez, "Chroma" may be interpreted as breaching the routine pattern of hue in everyday
scale.
Carlos works is based on his groundbreaking color theory and art philosophy. Most of his works
consist of site–specific installations and new innovations in the field of color theory and developing
new color patterns and applying them to everyday space. His gallery pushes my attention towards
his experimental work and focuses on multidisciplinary nature of his practice.
When I got into Carlos Chroma gallery in SCAD Museum of Art, you can see his inductive color
phenomenon is structured. I can visualize two major points out of the structure one is the use of
color contrast and the other is Induced color. His choice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After spending a little amount of time with the illustration, I understand that the third color was just
an illusion. Which makes me think of the process. Then I realized my phone, television, digital
camera, etc. a great amount of color I perceive are not actually "present". What I see is a rich and
studied mixture of different primary light colors. The mix was made by the brain through my visual
organs. This relates to the RGB system that creates all perceptible colors from the mixture of red,
green and blue. Human eye receptors are especially sensible to these three colors. Now the RGB
colors are provoking me to look into them in a much deeper sense and all his works have this strong
representation of colors. These colors have a strong impact on my emotions. Then to my surprise, I
met with another piece of work from his gallery called Douches D'Induction Chromatique. It is
closely related to the phenomenon of retinal persistence. The installation has three semitransparent
cylinders with three different RGB colors basically red blue and green. Initially, I was completely
blank and do not have any thoughts are assumptions about that artwork. At first, I entered the Red
tinted cylinder and decided to dedicate 2 mins for each cylinder with a different color. As the time
runs, the impact of the red tint is increasing faster with seconds. All I can see is red tented
surroundings. The visuals which I was passing through were

The Book Of Red By Anne Carson
When people reach a certain age they start finding a place in the world that fits them the best. Kids
start associating themselves with people just like them or similar to them. However sometimes those
people are not around growing up or the kids have yet to reach their true self. In the book
Autobiography of Red by Anne Carson, the protagonist Geryon, is a unique type of person that is
trying to do just that. Geryon is a red, winged dragon; throughout the book he learns more about
himself and how to become his authentic self. While it may seem easy for the readers to identify
Geryon as a red winged mythical beast, he himself does not know who he is and works through a
hard life looking for the answer to that question. Geryon grows and reaches his authentic identity by
dealing with old flame Herakles, meeting teachers who help him along the way, and learning from
Ancash a new perspective of himself.
Growing up Geryon did not have an easy life, however he met a person that made his life worth
living, Herakles. Herakles is the new guy in the town and he and Geryon immediately become fast
friends, then something more, "His voice had an edge. He liked to see Geryon happy" implying
Herakles's want for Geryon to be happy (Carson 53). Geryon and Herakles have an interesting
relationship because Herakles is the first to pay close attention to Geryon, and show him he really
does care. Geryon never had that kind of affection so he goes into the relationship headfirst. With

Public Relations Assistant Experience Paper
The aim of this paper is to discuss and elaborate on the experience, insights, value, and practical
training gained throughout my internship as a Public Relations Assistant at Louisiana Delta
Community College with the Director of Public Relations Mrs. Darian Atkins. As the director, she
develops and executes strategies that create and uphold a positive public image for the college and
Chancellor Dennis Epps by working and forming relationships with various members of the media,
government, and public. As the assistant, I acted as the support for Mrs. Atkins by researching to
construct stories and press releases, completing administrative tasks, and photographing events.
The paper is divided into three points of learning. The first point ... Show more content on
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In addition, Mrs. Atkins enlightened me that with any friction, you must have a plan to maintain the
company's status. For example, she made a chart on the steps to take to ensure that the college's
image did not diminish and that including faculty and staff is critical. Although confidentiality is
good, you cannot misinform the media because that could lead to a disaster.
Second Point: Adobe Creative Suite
My first attempt with Adobe Creative Suite was during my practicum. Ms. Castillo showed me a
few tasks in Photoshop, but entering the intern, I was introduced to more such as InDesign and
Illustrator. Mrs. Atkins ordered me to use only Adobe because it was a great technical skill to have
and most businesses use it today.
Before using it on my own, she had me examining her tool with the program to get better
knowledge of it. One day after an event, we went to edit photos in Photoshop to post them on
Facebook. During editing, she explained when printing an image, you must save it in CMYK to
make the image's colors stay true. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: cyan,
magenta, yellow, and key (black). However, if you are posting it for social media purpose, it is best
to save in RGB. The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light
are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.
Not

Automation and Intelligence Have Changed Agriculture
Agricultural production has increased manifold due to the advent of automation and intelligence in
various stages of a crop's life cycle. Introduction of such processes has led to a significant increase
in the output and reduction in the costs incurred in manual labour and other farm equipment. A
scheme where machine vision is implemented can be used to perceive the position of a fruit for
harvesting. This technology has been used to develop both land and aerial based systems for fruit
detection and harvesting. Machine vision in harvesting is broadly based on visual cues and
properties of fruit. Machine vision based systems have an advantage as apart from recognition of
colour, texture and shape of any object, numerical points for the object are also defined.
The aim of fruit detection is characterized by the following desirable outcomes:
1. Detection of each distinct fruit.
2. Discrimination of the detected fruit from the other parts of the foliage.
3. Localisation of the fruit.
Since its implementation to crop harvesting and other agricultural practices, a lot of attention has
been given to development in machine vision systems to achieve the abovementioned outcomes.
But, all of it has been limited to the field of research with very little commercial outlook. Though,
research outcomes may look bleak, it is a well–accepted fact that to achieve very good incidences of
fruit detection a robust machine vision system is essential. This in turn will develop into a robot

Designing An Advertisement For Adobe Fireworks
Introduction Part A In this Assignment, I create an advertisement in adobe Fireworks that is
1500x2100 and 300dpi .In this advertisement I use some raster and vector Images. There are
Number of tools in adobe firework but, I use mainly Pen tool ,shape tool, paint bucket tool,
eyedropper, vector path and Select tool. The Effective Tools In this Assignment, I worked on Adobe
Firework which is a powerful software to create , posters, Vector creation. there another which is
knows pencil tool which is for marking things and creating some design .There is a text tool which
help to make text and edit. In the text tool there are different type of font styles, sizes. The eraser is
very powerful tool, this tool can erase any thing and helpful to crop the selective and have different
sizes of eraser. So that is a very powerful tool for editing The Move Tool is very helpful tool which
make the element to move from one point to another by dragging it by moving mouse or by
keyboard .There is Scale tool which also help to move elements and can modify the size and shape
of the element. The scale tool help to rotate the picture according to their use. There is skew tool
which also have a same function but this tool have some function like change the shape by selecting
particular area. The shortcut key in the keyboard to modify by pressing CTRL+T. There is paint
bucket tool which help to put many colours in on element or picture Select Tools By Click the
object 's stroke or fill

A Brief Look at the Gesture
The gesture
Gesture is the natural, nonverbal way that human can use to communicate with each other, and
recently interface with computers and devices in order to have control upon them besides
conventional input devices such as keyboard, mouse, and joystick. In general, gestures can be
categorized into static and dynamic.
A static gesture refers to the position and poses of hand without any movement, which can be
represented by a single image.
A dynamic gesture describes the hand movement, which can be determined through a set of
successive images or video frames (3D Hand Gesture Recognition Based on Sensor Fusion of
Commodity Hardware).
2.3.2 Data acquisition
This stage is responsible for acquiring and collecting gestures from the human (usually hand
gestures). There are many technologies that can be used to acquire and capture the gestures, and
then convert them into a digital form (Sensors for Gesture Recognition Systems) in order to be
understandable by digital devices. These technologies vary in terms of capability and accuracy to
get the gestures. The following are some technologies used for gestures acquisition.
A. Cameras: are the main gesture captured technologies used in vision–based gesture recognition
systems. There are different types of cameras such as color stereo cameras (using two cameras to
obtain a left and right stereo image), 2D cameras, 3D cameras, and thermal cameras. These cameras
can be used to capture human gestures and send them to

Image Retrieval Systems Essay examples
In today's revolution oriented environment, multimedia contents play a vital role in a wide range of
applications, products and services. The high usage of these contents demand efficient searching and
indexing for users. This demand has drawn substantial research attention towards image retrieval
systems in the last few decades. Many great methods have been proposed, which offer numerous
advantages like the following. (i) These techniques are fully automatic and avoid the manual errors
of text–based systems. (ii) These techniques avoid complex tasks like annotation and also increase
the accuracy of retrieval. (iii) These techniques also reduce the amount of garbage, that is, irrelevant
images retrieved. (iv) These techniques, while ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advancements in hardware and software technology are motivating both users and researchers to
search for techniques that challenge and improve the available industrial standards for retrieving
images from huge archives. This can be performed either by developing new competitive
methodologies or by enriching the operations of existing methodologies as several applications
require reliable models, that are efficient both in the manner of finding similar images and reducing
time complexity. The solutions provided in this research work are more compatible for retrieving
images from natural and photographic image databases and use an amalgamation of image
processing and machine learning algorithms to perform retrieval in a fast manner while improving
both the fraction of retrieved images that are relevant to the find and fraction of the images that are
relevant to the query image that are successfully retrieved. The methodology of the proposed
research work is shown in Figure 3.1 and the architecture of the proposed CBIR systems is shown in
Figure 3.2. Here, after obtaining the query image,

Annotated Bibliography On Color Barcode
II. LTERATURE REVIEW
1)Homayoun Bagherinia, Roberto Manduchi,had proposed the for University of California, Santa
Cruz"A novel approach for color barcode decoding using smartphones"
The use of colors increases the information storage capacities in barcodes. Increasing the number of
color stolen code information makes the decoding a challenging task due to the dependency of the
surface color on the illuminant spectrum, viewing parameters, printing device and material. The
decoding becomes more challenging if a mobile phone as a decoding device is used due to the
capture of image from different distances as well as angles. We present an iterative decoding
algorithm that decodes the colors of all barcode patches across the barcode by ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
5) Amin Motahari , Member, IEEE, and Malek Adjouadi , Member, IEEE had Praposed the work for
"Barcode Modulation Method for Data Transmission in Mobile Devices" In this study, a new
approach for data modulation in 2–D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in
comparison to other standard method of barcode modulation. In this new approach, orthogonal
frequency–division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with differential phase shift
keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements. A specific aim of this study is to establish
a system that is proven tolerant to camera movements, picture blur, and light leakage within
neighboring pixels of an LCD.
III. THE PROPOSED PICODE SYSTEM In this section, the proposed PiCode system is described
with an emphasis on the novel aspects of the image modulation and demodulation process. For the
modulation part the details of the modulation scheme will be presented to illustrate how PiCode
preserves the perceptual quality of the embedded image while minimizing the interference of the
latter incurred on the modulation waveform. For the modulation part, the algorithms for performing
discrete cosine transform, block division will be described.
A. Image modulation
The various steps in image modulation are
Input image and message
Convert RGB to YUV
Block contrast
Divided into inner and outer

Mathematics of the Eye and Color Essay
Eye And Color
The eye form a "optical image" on the light sensitive cell of the retina. It is very often compared to a
camera in it so workings. However it is like a camera in its focusing properties but is very different
after the light has hit the retina. The camera just prints a point to point representation of the image
on film, where as the is much more complex and interesting. The visible light is only a very small
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and various wavelength in this visible spectrum of light
represent different colors. Short wavelength light is reddish, medium wavelength light is greenish
and long wavelength light is bluish. This make apparent in the a schematic of electromagnetic
radiation below. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The of dioptric power of the relaxed lens is 19 and can be increased significantly by
accommodation. The rim of the lens is irregular and exhibits diffraction so only used when
absolutely necessary. The lens has a refractive index of 1.406 at the centre and 1.386 at the rim. The
optical axis defined to be a line through the middle of the eye
* Vitreous Humor– liquid between the lens and the retina has a refractive index of 1.337. * Retina–
is the light sensitive part of the eye. The part that converts the light stimuli into neural signals to be
interpreted by the cerebral cortex. I will not discuss how the photoreceptors convert the light stimuli
into electrical signals, since it involves bio–chemistry, a good description can be found in any
physiology book. Light must pass through the neural layers of the retina before reaching the
photosensitive layer which consists of rods and cones. The neural layer consist of ganglion cells and
bipolar cells. The bipolar cells take the electrical from the photoreceptors to the ganglions cell
which in turn form the optic nerve that connect the eye to the brain. The optic nerve and the blood
circulation apparatus leave the eye at the optic disc or the blind spot. Named so because it has not
photoreceptors. A special part of the retina crucial of acute vision is which does

Light Is A Form Of Energy And Composed Of Different...
Light is a form of energy and composed of different wavelengths. When the light exposed to an
object, the light could be reflected at the surface of the object (specular or diffuse), and it could be
absorbed or scattered within the object, or it could refract or totally transmitted through the
object44, 45. The wavelengths (colors) that are reflected, refracted or transmitted are perceived by
receptor cells (i.e. rods and cones) in the eye and recognized by the brain as a specific color. The
wavelengths of visible light range from approximately 400 to 700 nm45, 46. The wavelengths that
are transmitted, refracted or reflected create the color that is perceived and till about the
translucency level of the material. If all light is transmitted, the material will appear completely
transparent. If all light is absorbed, the material will appear completely opaque, and the color black
is perceived. However, if some of the wavelengths of visible light are absorbed and others reflected,
refracted, or transmitted, the color that is perceived corresponds to the wavelengths that are
reflected, refracted, or transmitted, and the level of translucency is depend on the amount of the
light that transmitted through the material9, 44–46. Moreover, the reflection of the light depends on
the surface texture of the restoration. Thus, a smooth surface increases the specular reflectance, in
which the angulation of light reflection is equal to the angle of the light source. This reveals more of

Document Images Are Acquired By Scanning Journal
Document images are acquired by scanning journal, printed document, degraded document images,
handwritten historical document, and book cover etc. The text may appear in a virtually unlimited
number of fonts, style, alignment, size, shapes, colors, etc. Extraction of text from text document
images and from complex color background is difficult due to complexity of the background and
mix up of colors of fore–ground text with colors of background. In this section, we present the main
ideas and details of the proposed algorithm. Implementation of any system needs the study of
features, it may be symbolic, numerical or both. An example of a symbolic feature is color; an
example of numerical feature is weight. Features may also result from applying a text extraction
algorithm or operator to the input data. The related problems of feature selection and feature
extraction must be addressed at the outset of any text recognition system design. The key is to
choose and to extract features that are computationally feasible and reduce the problem data into a
manageable amount of information without discarding valuable information. Different methods used
for text extraction from document images (as shown in fig. 1) include: A. Feature Extraction Feature
extraction involves the extracting the meaningful information from the document image. The
features are classified in to Global features and Local features. Features that are extracted from
whole image are known as the global features

The Color Red In Beloved By Toni Morrison
The color, red, symbolizes a variety of different meanings like the quote from an unknown source,
"Red, the single most dynamic and passionate color, symbolizes love, rage and courage. Demanding
attention, red has great emotional impact. Those who select red are aggressive, impulsive and strive
for success." In the novel, "Beloved," by Toni Morrison, the author demonstrates the color red for
the future, memories, and hope. The main character Sethe, had a baby girl named Beloved, after her
youngest daughter, Denver. Before, she was able to show her love and affection to Beloved, she
ended her "misery and fate" by slitting her throat open. In 124, the house was considered "spiteful
and full of a baby's venom". Due to the killing of her baby, Beloved haunts the whole house with a
quote from the novel, "Now the iron was back but the face, softened by hair, made him trust her
enough to step inside her door smack into a pool of pulsing red light." (Morrison, 11). The glowing
aura is significant to the tragedy that took place in 124. At the beginning of first chapter, it already
gives the readers the sense of what took place and the imagery of the situation. The quote represents
how the baby ghost is ready to react to a stranger, which is Paul D. from Sweet Home, a slave
plantation. Another quote form the author, "The red was gone but a kind of weeping clung to the air
where it had been." (Morrison, 11). With the color red, it can represent a variety of emotions such
as, fear,

Non-Objective Art
The avid artistic viewer in America in the 1930s saw Hilla Rebay's collection at the Guggenheim
museum. They analyzed concluded non–objective art stood at the pinnacle of the art world. Simple
to understand, it breaks down the wall between cultures. Non–objective art requires no cultural or
theological lens. When viewing non–objective art, the observer deduces the following: In modern
day, non–objective art offers a sense of relief and beauty unbeknownst to the rest of the art scene.
Therefore, non–objective art appears universal. In her essay, The Beauty of Non–Objectivity, Rebay
explains how, "...intuitive creations are understandable to all nations alike through the universal
language of art." In this essay, I explore the use of the following artistic elements in Rebay's
Composition 1: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her comparison to music gets the viewer to interact with the piece in a new way. Kandinsky
accomplished a similar task. Kandinsky's works , The bright yellows represent the blaring vibration
of a trumpet sound. Blues create calming, spiritual waves. In a similar fashion, Rebay uses color to
emulate the motion of sound. Her red–oranges create a lively melody. Though, it is important to
recognize she is not representing a song. Rebay's composition remains purely non–objective.
However, its effect on the viewer is akin to the feeling a song would provide a listener.
Rebay's explanations about non–objective art are not gratuitous or excessive. She appeals to the
viewer and asks them to acknowledge the work on an emotional level. How the work makes you
feel: this is important to Rebay. By not focusing on the object, Rebay's work can ignore explicit
details. This then allows her to draw back on the core elements of art. Color, form and rhythm
become the order of operations for her painting. Rebay shows the viewer the touch of the painter's
hand as well as a seamless quality of

The Importance Of Image Analysis
Mohammed El–Helly et al. [8] proposed an approach for integrating image analysis technique into
diagnostic expert system. A diagnostic model was used to manage cucumber crop. According to this
approach, an expert system finds out the diseases of user observation. In order to diagnose a
disorder from a leaf image, five image processing phases are used: image acquisition, enhancement,
and segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Images were captured using a high
resolution color camera and auto focus illumination light. Firstly they transformed the defected
RGB image to the HSI color space then analyzed the histogram intensity channel then increased the
contrast of the image. Fuzzy C Means (FCM) segmentation is used in this ... Show more content on
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Algorithms for selecting useful texture features were developed by using stepwise discriminant
analysis. They developed four models i.e. HSI_39, HSI_15, HS_10 and I_11. Classification was
done by minimum distance classifier. The model using 15 selected HSI texture features got the best
classification accuracy (95.6%), which recommended that it would be best to use a reduced hue,
saturation and intensity texture feature set to differentiate orange diseases. The HSI_15 model, I_11
and HSI_39 models achieved classification accuracy 95.6%, 81.11% and 95.6% respectively.
Bauer et al. [10] developed algorithms for the automatic classification of leaf diseases based on
stereo and high resolution multispectral images. Leaves of sugar beet were used in this method.
Sugar beet leaves might be infected by several diseases. In controlled light laboratory environment,
They collected stereo images of single sugar beet leaves by RGB and multispectral cameras. The
leaves were either healthy or infected from diseases such as rusts, powdery mildew and Cercospora
leaf spot. They generated 3–D models of the leaves to fuse information from the two cameras.
Classification is done by k–nearest neighbour and an adaptive Bayes method. The classification
accuracy achieved were 91% for Cercospora leaf spots and 86% for rust disease.
Weizheng et al. [11] developed an accurate and fast new method based

Verbal And Non Verbal Communication
Communication is the art of transmitting ideas, thoughts ad knowledge from one person to another.
Communication need not essentially mean verbal communication. Communication can be verbal
and non–verbal. Non–Verbal Communication is the practiced means of interaction amongst the
audibly challenged community. This audibly challenged community uses a region or country
specific sign language to communicate their ideas and wants. Sign Language Translators are
essential to bridge the communication gap between the audibly challenged community and the rest
of the world. Today a lot of systems are being funded and built to computerize the work of Sign
Language Translator. These Sign Language Recognition Systems are Learning Systems. When the
system fails to recognize the word, the system attempts to learn the sign or gesture and recognizes
when the same sign is performed later on. There are many different types of Sign Languages and as
mentioned these languages are very region specific i.e., Indian Sign Language (ISL), American Sign
Language (ASL), etc. Each of the sign language holds a large collection of signs or gestures
corresponding to a particular. Many a time, there might be different gestures for the same word.
Major issue with these Sign Languages is that the information available about the gestures are
multichannel. This paper focuses on recognizing Indian Sign Language. In ISL there has been no
standardized dictionary as of date to use and build Recognition Systems. The

Design Of Image Capture, Display, Colour Processing And...
INTRODUCTION
Aim: Throughout this laboratory we aimed to understand the processes used to achieve the
development of image capture, display, colour processing and finally object tracking. In particular,
we aim to learn the I2C protocols to program the registers used to configure the camera, how to
convert a raw image to a full colour image, detect a selected colour and then track it.
Block Diagrams and images for the image processing steps:
The block diagram in Figure 1, illustrates the processing blocks that were created to being the image
processing steps. It also shows the variables created in the code and how they interact to produce the
initial output of display an image from the camera to the screen. The clock for the 640x480 (frame
size 800x525) display image runs at a frequency of 25.2 MHz and the clock for the camera runs at a
frequency of 48.825 MHz to synchronize the display. The I2C setup, involves using I2C protocols to
program registers within the camera. It is a two wire protocol, where one wire acts as the clock to
pass from the FPGA to the device, and the other wire is the data wire which is bidirectional. The
data wire is a top level entity and requires the setup module to have 3 data connections. These are
input data from the camera to the controller, output data from the FPGA controller to the camera and
output enable (tristate control), which determines whether the data is input or output.
Producing the image on the VGA display, involves using

Shirley Card Research Paper
Shirley Cards are color reference cards, specifically used to balance skin color, in print photography.
These cards are named after Shirley Page, the Kodak model which is depicted in the color
comparison prints distributed all over the world. Shirley Cards were used as the
"standard" that all other printed photographs would be compared to for decades.
In the photographs Shirley had blue eyes, pale skin, dark brown hair, and wore vibrant colored
ensembles. Later, when Shirley left Kodak other Caucasian models were brought in to replace her,
but the name Shirley Cards stuck. Any time a print was made Shirley Cards had to be taken into
account. If the colors did not match up with Shirley Cards, photo lab technicians considered
something to be wrong with their prints, therefore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The norms Shirley Cards depicted, however, turned out to be flawed. The color pallet used for
Shirley Cards did not provide a broad enough range to properly depict skin tones of non–Caucasian
races. At this time, film color both for print and motion pictures was all designed with high levels of
reflectivity, since "Shirley's" pale skin tone was recognized as the ideal
standard. This created an unfair biased toward white skin when it came to motion picture and
photography. People took notice and began to complain of over or under exposure in prints and
scenes of non–Caucasians.
In the early 1990's, Kodak and other print companies recognized their shortcomings and began to
redesign their Shirley Cards. They created multiracial color reference cards of African,
Asian, Latina, and Caucasian "Shirley's" to appropriately capture different skin tones. One of these
cards depicted an African women, a Caucasian women, and an Asian women posing together to
exemplify the difference in skin color of each. Today, labs can take this a step further, by creating
custom color pallets to fit a customer's

Pigmented Skin Lesions
The aim of this study is to enable non–expert user to distinguish between benign and malignant
pigmented skin lesions using a new threshold based algorithm. 282 macroscopic images of
pigmented skin lesions were taken by conventional digital cameras with different spatial resolutions
from several online dermatology database with minimum constraints of imaging conditions. The
proposed method involves three stages: Firstly, to accurately determine lesion area, preprocessing
stage remove effects of macroscopic images artifacts such as: 1. impact noise, skin lines, fine hairs,
skin stains and small glows and reflections are removed by applying a median filter with mask size
2. nonuniform illumination or shadow by converting RBG color space into ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Best V channel out of the 4 processed V channels displaying true color of the skin with uniform
illumination is chosen to be converted back to RGB space 4. lesion area are segmented from
surrounding normal skin by thresholding technique determined by examining the histogram using
local regression 5. 4 different thresholding algorithms are calculated and the one which covers
results of other selected thresholds is applied on the optimal single–channel image 6. thick hairs and
large glows and reflections on lesion is corrected by bottom hat morphological transformation. For
hairy hairs, lesion mask are corrected by applying morphological opening operator, followed by
morphological closing operator to remove indentations caused by reflection of light 7. large glow
and reflection effects by flash light are corrected by converting into cyan, magenta, yellow, and key
color space and Y (yellow) channel, and the best channel that represents the areas of glow is
selected 8. glow area is determined The result of the proposed preprocessing method in detecting the
boundaries of lesions is examined by dermatologist, and is reported to have an accuracy of 100%.
Secondly, 187 descriptor features of lesions from ABCD criteria and texture feature are used, and
the value of extracted descriptors are

What Is PHP Code Snippet Applications
PHP Code Snippet Applications Determine Dominant Color of Any Image: To see the colour of a
certain image snapped or displayed online attained through certain coding as shown below, has a
few loops that properly detect pixels found in the image. In addition, a function that provides a
dominant colour image scenario has utilization using a coding method to perceive accurate
determination of what exact colour the picture is. function dominant_color($image) { $i =
imagecreatefromjpeg($image); for ($x=0;$x<imagesx($i);$x++) { for ($y=0;$y<imagesy($i);$y++)
{ $rgb = imagecolorat($i,$x,$y); $r = ($rgb >> 16) & 0xFF; $g = ($rgb >> & 0xFF; $b = $rgb &
0xFF; $rTotal += $r; $gTotal += $g; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
find resources and lists // like these on wikipedia: // // http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whois // $servers
= array( "biz" => "whois.neulevel.biz", "com" => "whois.internic.net", "us" => "whois.nic.us",
"coop" => "whois.nic.coop", "info" => "whois.nic.info", "name" => "whois.nic.name", "net" =>
"whois.internic.net", "gov" => "whois.nic.gov", "edu" => "whois.internic.net", "mil" =>
"rs.internic.net", "int" => "whois.iana.org", "ac" => "whois.nic.ac", "ae" => "whois.uaenic.ae", "at"
=> "whois.ripe.net", "au" => "whois.aunic.net", "be" => "whois.dns.be", "bg" => "whois.ripe.net",
"br" => "whois.registro.br", "bz" => "whois.belizenic.bz", "ca" => "whois.cira.ca", "cc" =>
"whois.nic.cc", "ch" => "whois.nic.ch", "cl" => "whois.nic.cl", "cn" => "whois.cnnic.net.cn", "cz"
=> "whois.nic.cz", "de" => "whois.nic.de", "fr" => "whois.nic.fr", "hu" => "whois.nic.hu", "ie" =>
"whois.domainregistry.ie", "il" => "whois.isoc.org.il", "in" => "whois.ncst.ernet.in", "ir" =>
"whois.nic.ir", "mc" => "whois.ripe.net", "to" => "whois.tonic.to", "tv" => "whois.tv", "ru" =>
"whois.ripn.net", "org" => "whois.pir.org", "aero" => "whois.information.aero", "nl" =>

Essay On Pan-Sharpening Techniques
The pan–sharpening technique, which aims at fusing a low–resolution multispectral (LRM) image
and a high–resolution panchromatic (HRP) image in order to produce a high–resolution
multispectral (HRM) image, has become an effective pre–processing technique in many remote
sensing applications [1]. Many remote sensing applications such as land–cover classification, map
updating, reconnaissance, etc. demands images with both high spectral and high spatial resolution
however most remote sensing satellites such as QuickBird, IKONOS, and WorldView–2 are not able
to generate high spectral and high spatial resolution images directly due to lack of bandwidth and
limited on board storage. The pan–sharpened multispectral image comprises of high ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, the high–frequency component extracted from the HRP image is merged into the LRM bands.
The fused image obtained through this category preserves spectral information well. However, some
spatial distortions may occur, such as blurring. In general, this category method offers a reliable
framework for further exploration, and the key is to extract sufficient spatial details from the HRP
image with preserving the spectral information in LRM image simultaneously. In the proposed
fusion framework, IHS transform is used to separate intensity component from MS images firstly.
Then, SFIM and wavelet transform are applied to the intensity component of MS images and the
Pan image to build the multi–scale representations which include the low– and high frequency sub–
images in different scales, While SFIM can effectively preserve images' spectral properties. Since
the low– and high–frequency sub–images obtained from wavelet decomposition have different
information of images, we process low– and high frequency sub–images with different strategies. At
last, the inverse wavelet transform (IWT) and inverse IHS transform are applied to perform the
fusion tasks. The visual and statistical analysis on the experimental results for Worldview–2 images
shows the effectiveness of our proposed method. The remainder of this paper is organized as
follows. Section II

Experiment : Stroop 's Stroop Effect
IB Psychology SL
Internal Assessment
May 2017
Word Count:
Stroop Effect
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to replicate the experiment Stroop (1935). This study was the basis
of the Stroop effect, which says that common tasks such as identifying a color can be interfered by
automated processes, such as reading.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Method
Design
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Results
Description of results
Discussion
References and Bibliography
Appendices
Introduction f Aim:
METHOD
DESIGN
The experimental conditions were whether the name of the color read and the font color of the word
read matched or did not match. DOES THIS SOUND OKAY
The control conditions were the group of participants, the number of words read, and the
environment in which the task was performed. These conditions were controlled to ensure that any

variation in the times taken to perform the tasks of reciting the lists was caused by the difference in
color and word which was written.
The experimental design chosen was repeated measures. The advantages of using this design are the
reduced differences in participants such as levels of intelligence. The disadvantages are the
possibility of order effects in participants, such as the practice effect or the fatigue effect. In effort to
reduce order effects, half of

Color Of Color And Color Essay
Color chart– a brief explanation
You must have heard of color charts by now! Today, most companies are making use of charts to
represent different objects. Color is subjective, and each color represents different ideas. Basically, it
is found that there are different shapes of a single color which are referred to with different names.
With the help of a chart it is possible to describe the color of bromeliad parts. Now, there is no need
of referring to a color as red or yellow, instead, you have possibility of using a number from the
chart.
What is a color chart?
Firstly, it is vital for you to know the meaning of color charts. They are also referred to as color
reference cards which are defined as flat physical objects that come with a variety of color samples.
It is either a one page chart or available in the form of swatch books or even color– matching fans.
Printable color chart templates appear to be very handy. This can help you carry the copy in your
wallet and refer to colors as and when necessary.
Understanding the color wheel
The color wheel is considered to be a chart that would reflect different colors that you probably see
in a rainbow or the colors obtained when white light passes through a prism. Basically, the color
wheel contains 12 shades and follows the basic principle of color theory. Primary colors need no
mixing! Once you have the primary colors in hand, there is no chance of mixing it with any other
colors.
The primary colors may include red,

Logo Quiz: The Theory Of The Munsell Color Theory
"Mixing colors gives birth to an infinite number of new colors, but there exist only four true colors –
like four elements – from which one can make numerous other colors. Red is the color of flame,
blue – the color of air, green – the color of water and the earth has grey and ashy".
Theorists who lived later including Leonardo da Vinci and Isaac Newton , proved that the three
basic colors are in fact red, blue and yellow.
Modern theory of color was worked out by an American artist Albert Henry Munsell at the
beginning of the 20th century. Instead of traditionally following the simplified system of three basic
colors, Munsell invented the Munsell Color Theory with the concept of color space in the center –
the combination of color tone and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The player must recognize one of more than 2500 logos which are shown as a single piece, as a half
or, on more complicated levels, only by the colors, comprising the logotype, and write in the name
of the company behind the logo.
The game is based on the fact that our mind absorbs a great deal of information during our life. We
see different logos every day – on TV, in the street, in newspapers and magazines and unconsciously
remember them. Most of the time we remember just combinations of companies logo colors. To be
more accurate they are deposited in our unconscious and form associations and reflex. It is also
called color brand recognition.
Association research theory can help market researches understand how to work out and use
products and brands in accordance with color associations, but it does not allow them to predict the
consumer reactions to new variants of colors used in logos.
Nevertheless, we can get the idea of how it works on the examples of well–known, established and
successful companies, whose logos we are well acquainted with, and from whose color
combinations trigger our associations.
What emotions are triggered by each color and how are they better used in

Art And Its Effect On Society
There are about a million different colors in the world. There are light colors and dark colors and
colors in–between. We can use colors to express ourselves and use them to express our moods.
People are famous because of art and people have been arrested for art too. People can dedicate art
to other people and people can draw themselves too. Million and millions of colors are in the world
but only few are known. More colors are discovered ever day by people who experiment with
colors. Making different shades of every color. For example, if you mix blue and yellow you get
green. If you mix different colors you will get new better colors. Colors are everywhere even if we
don't want them to be.
Colors have lots of meanings. We use many of the same colors but we mix them with other colors
and we get the different shades of these colors. For example, while red is the color most associated
with love, it also the color most frequently associated with hatred, anger, aggression, and war.
People who are angry are said to "see red." Red is the color most commonly associated with passion
and heat. Blue is the color between violet and green on the optical spectrum of visible light. Human
eyes perceive blue when observing light with a wavelength between 450 and 495 nanometers, which
is between 45 and 49.5 Angstroms. Green is the color between blue and yellow on the spectrum of
visible light. It is evoked by light with a predominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm. Pink is a
pale Red

Chapter 3 Technical Back Ground
Chapter 3 Technical Back Ground
Controlling Mouse 1.1 Moving Mouse Cursor We utilized the forefinger as a cursor controller to
control mouse cursor. We utilized two distinctive methodologies for moving the mouse cursor. The
principal strategy is mapping cursor control. It implies that the pointer on a camera screen can
position maps to a desktop screen position. At the end of the day, the mouse cursor is put on the
desktop window alongside the forefinger tips position showed on the camera screen position. This
strategy has an issue. In the event that the determination of the desktop window has a higher
determination than the camera determination, then the cursor position can 't be precise in light of the
fact that when the camera determination believers to the desktop window determination we lose
middle of the road esteem. We expect the proportion of hopping pixel is up to 4 pixels. The second
strategy is weighted pace cursor control. We get a distinction of the finger of the present picture and
the past picture and process the separation between the two. Next, we move the mouse cursor if the
hole between the two finger pictures (present and past casing) is far then the mouse cursor moves
quick or, if the hole is close then the cursor moves moderate. This calculation additionally has an
issue. Since we are working with continuous picture preparing, the customer machine ought to be
quick. The picture information rate is 15 outlines for every second and we require

Content Based And Model Based Mining Of Data On Image...
CONTENT BASED AND MODEL BASED MINING of DATA ON IMAGE PROCESSING
Chandana V S
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
M.Tech– Information Technology
NIE, Mysuru chandanavs05@gmail.com Uzma Madeeha
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
M.Tech– Information Technology
NIE, Mysuru uzmamadeeha9@gmail.com Abstract– As there is vivid implementations in the
multimedia technologies, users find it complex for retrieving information with traditional image
retrieval techniques. The CBIR techniques are becoming an efficient techniques for exact and fast
retrieval of images. CBIR is the technique which uses visual features of image such as shape, color,
texture etc, to search the image based on the user requirements from large database according to the
user request in the form of a query. In this paper various techniques of CBIR such as k–means
clustering, k–nearest neighbors Algorithm (KNN), color structure descriptor (CSD), Text based
image retrieval (TBIR) techniques which increase the effectiveness of fast retrieval are discussed
and analyzed.
Keywords– cibr, tbir, image retireival, k–means clustering
I. INTRODUCTION Image retrieval is extracting an image out of particular larger data set. The
traditional image retrieval is as shown in the fig below where the query image whose image is to be
retrieved is carried the feature extraction process and compared the feature extracted image in the
database and then compared. This retrieved and database image if matched

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Bitmap Vs....
In the presently highly digital world we live in, there are essentially two types of graphic "files"
used, the bitmap and the vector graphics. Both have an overall similar principal but differ in various
sub–arrays, which bring along each of their own advantages and disadvantages. To begin with, the
word bitmap originated in the year 1973, and came to be by adding the words bit + map which
literally means a map of bits, which perfectly describes the nature of a bitmap graphic. A bitmap is
composed of thousands of pixels, each of which has it's own fixed position and can be individually
edited, which forms an overall bitmap graphic/image. Bitmaps are largely the standard for Internet
graphics but however contain disadvantages. Bitmaps are largely ... Show more content on
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When written, the width measurement is always written first. Aspect ratios all have to deal with the
amount of empty space you are willing to have surrounding the "main subject". Awareness of the
different aspect ratios provided by the device in hand may lead to better compositions in the image.
The difficulties with aspect ratio are that when there is an inconsistency, one must either crop the
image or compromise the size of the image. Furthermore, when the aspect ratio of a particular image
is not compatible with the screen, upon which it's displayed, black stripes are used to adjust the
difference without compromising the

Analysis Of Rob Gonsalves Painting: The Sun Sets Sail
When I was giving a presentation in sixth grade, I proudly proclaimed to my English teacher that
"Everything can be art!" Now of course, I got some strange looks from her as she tried to argue that
not everything could be art. Nevertheless, I still stand by my definition that anything can be art, as
long as the viewer finds purpose or interest within it. It doesn't have to be a "good" feeling, since
shock art exists; it just has to draw one's attention in some way. Most art of the time can be seen as
shocking or inappropriate, mainly because it's commentary about the world around us. Because of
that I feel it is important to look at art from all time periods, as we can learn a lot about beliefs and
challenges facing those at the time. To make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is extremely important in film, as everything in film is constantly moving. To draw attention to
a subject they must differ some way from the rest of the environment. They do so not only to draw
our eyes into the image– as interesting as it may be– but to draw attention, give association to, or
give insight to the feelings of a character or object as well. In the case of Amelie by Jean–Pierre
Jennet, the color scheme is complementary with each other. Amelie and important characters are
always clad in red when the world around them is colored green, or vice versa. The audience is then
drawn to these characters and will pay heavy attention to what these character might do next. In one
panning shot, Amelie is skipping rocks on a bridge. Although our eyes naturally gravitate towards
her because she is positioned in the middle of the screen, her vibrant red clothes let her stand out
even more from the green background. In another shot, Amelie wears a green dress while her house
is covered completely with muted red wallpaper and objects. A few scenes later, and now both her
lover and her stand out in a green world with red clothing. In doing so, Jean–Pierre Jennet is able to
keep the readers attention on Amelie and other main characters as they move through the always
moving streets of Paris.

Marquis Color Test Paper
As chemist with forensic case work and field experience, I know low–cost and low–tech methods of
analysis are in demand. While such methods are typically presumptive in nature, they play a vital
role in both lab and field analysis. Presumptive tests allow users to triage samples for confirmatory
analysis, saving time and expense. Whether a crime scene, combat zone, or natural disaster site,
presumptive assays influence command decisions. In technology deficient areas, presumptive assays
may be the totality of the analysis available. Most presumptive tests are color tests, providing a
visual cue to the user as to the presence of a particular compound (1–2). While color tests have their
benefits, a big drawback is the false positive (3), i.e. the erroneous "compound is here". My research
focuses on minimizing false positives, false negatives, and generally improving the selectivity of
color tests without sacrificing their ease–of–use and low cost. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This test is routinely employed in the field, usually as an all–inclusive kit like
Safariland's NarcoPouch shown in Figure 1 (4). A positive result is obtained for morphine (DEA
Schedule II), codeine (DEA Schedule II/III), heroin (DEA Schedule I), and over–the–counter (OTC)
aspirin. The OTC result is a false positive, as a "true" positive is a scheduled opiate. Colors noted by
users to describe each compound's test include pink, pink–to–purple, red–purple, and magenta.
Given that the accepted reaction mechanism involves the dimerization of opiates (5), it is
conceivable that each of these compound's test results are a different tint or shade of red (i.e.
different pinks) as they correspond to different structures. The challenge for users in discriminating
between compounds are the similarity of resulting colors and limits of the user's color acuity.
Different

Technology, Technology And The Deep Commercialization Of...
For decades, people have been fascinated with the concept of making images with higher resolution
and higher brightness, especially with the rapid development of film technology and the deep
commercialization of entertainment. In response to limitations to different traditional projector
technology, three–chips Digital Light Processing (DLP) has been developed, heart of which is the
semiconductor–based Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). Thanks to the DMD 's high stability and
precise control on the light source, DLP technology has been widely used nowadays.
This paper gives an overview on basic working principles of DLP technology and discusses
advantages of DLP–based applications.
Rapid development of digital electronics technology since 1970s has brought a significant
improvement on service for human beings. As one of the most well–known way to display images
and videos, Digital Light Processing technology shows its revolutionary impact in respect of
projection.
DLP technology was originally invented by Texas Instruments(TI) in the spring of 1996 and TI has
been devoted to this field so much that many extraordinary progresses have been made on DLP.
Though, the core device of DLP remains unchangingly – Digital Micromirror Device (DMD).
DMD, also referred to as the DLP chip, is a semiconductor device which is comprised of more than
one million mirrors within an area smaller than palm and controlled by a memory chip.
The DLP systems generally can be divided into two

Detection Of Optic Disc Location
Automatic Detection of optic disc location in Color Fundus Retinal Images Using Circle Operator
Abstract–In this work a method is proposed to detect optic disk (OD) automatically in color retinal
fundus image without using background mask and blood vessels. Based on the properties of OD, an
idea of circle operator is presented here. This method has been applied on six public databases and
the promising results are obtained. The experimental results indicate that this proposed method of
automatic OD detection has good accuracy and is also time efficient.
In modern ophthalmology, detection of optic disk is a very important step for retinal image analysis.
It is one of the main feature of extracting the anatomical structure of the retina as illustrated in Fig.
1(a). Optic disk can be defined as the circular brighter region in retinal fundus image where blood
vessels converge and optic nerve is formed. OD detection is very indispensable for the computer
aided diagnosis of different eye diseases such as glaucoma detection and diabetic retinopathy [1].
Fig. 1(b) represents the fundus image with retinal lesion.
Many optic disc detection methods have been proposed ear–lier. In [4]–[6], image brightness based
methods are proposed. In these methods it is expected that the OD usually resembles according to
the brightest pixels within fundus images. In [7] and [8], image variation based methods are
proposed based on the statement that the OD has a high image variation due to the

Ceramic Fragments Found At The Tepco Beach
In this project, we are asked to analyze ceramic fragments found at the TEPCO beach, which, in the
mid–20th century, used to be a dump site of the Technical Porcelain and China Ware Company
(TEPCO). Though ceramics seem rather mundane, as Deetz's study on the ceramics used in the
colonial American show, they reveal quite a bit to the careful eyes: he found out that people used
plates symbolically as displays of status rather than utensils, and the ceramic sets after the 18th
century reflected the Georgian mindset of individuality and discipline (Deetz 1996). I am also
interested in studying ceramics in a way that relates to and reveal their meanings – a post–
processual, emic orientation more directly seen in the Gage house study in which ... Show more
Upon initial observation, I noticed that the special pieces seem to have less visual contrast in general
– a good, testable hypothesis that I will try to verify. Methodology I wanted to figure out
specifically what data are the most useful in answering my research question: just like Wilkie did in
her Mardis Gras research in which she determined a distinct set of data for each of her research
question (Wilkie 2014). With that in mind, I decided to simply focus on the data needed to verify
my rather straightforward hypothesis, that the special pieces have less visual contrast than the
standard ones in general. There are two attributes, as evident from the hypothesis, that I would need
to know for each artifact: its "specialty" – whether the piece has special or standard decoration – and
its visual contrast. Given the visual nature of both attributes, I decided that the only data I would
need to collect are pictures of my artifacts. Next, I needed to decide how I would analyze the photos
in order to extract the two attributes, specialty and contrast, so that I can test my hypothesis. A way
of classifying specialty was determined by me as such: while the standard pieces have decorations

Skin Color Detection
Skin color detection is considered one of the most popular techniques of segmentation and tracking
because of its simplicity. The idea behind using this technique is that skin color is different from
other object's color and then can be used to identify human gesture part. There are several color
spaces such as RGB, YIQ, YUV, and generic color model that are used to distinguish skin pixels
from non–skin pixels through comparing a predefined skin color model (skin pixels) with pixels of
the input image. Figure 2 shows skin color technique using YIQ and YUV color spaces.
Thermal camera is an infrared camera that is able to detect infrared radiation emitted from the
human body (temperature). It can determine the human gesture region depending on the human
temperature while background is neglected. Figure 3 shows human interaction captured by thermal
camera.
This technique is used to track and detect moving gesture parts depending on the difference between
two or three consecutive video frames. The pervious image (frame) is subtracted from the current
image (frame) in order to obtain the moving part.
A. Background subtraction
The idea behind this technique is to set a background as a reference or model and then compare the
current frame with the reference background in a pixel–by–pixel manner to detect the moving
foreground object. The background model is updated with a new image from time to time in order to
track dynamic changes. Figure 4 shows background subtraction

Swot Analysis
embedded arefindout. The embedding is accomplished after block dividing the cover picture and
WI. The experimental effects display that the proposed technique is powerful.
[35], DivjotKaurThind, et.al In this paper a ultra–modern digital video watermarking scheme is
proposed which mixes DWT and SVD in which watermarking is achieved within the HF sub band
and then various forms of attacks have been carried out. The watermark object has been embedded
in each body of the original video. Since in each frame, watermark is embedded and it offers
robustness towards attacks.
[36], Abhilasha Sharma, et.al. The proposed watermarking technique is based on two TD
techniques, DCT and DWT. In embedding method, the CI is divided into two separate ... Show more
[39], ArashSaboori, et.al In this paper a new method is proposed the usage of the combination of
DCT and PCA transform with a view to lessen the low frequency band for the shade image
50 in YUV color space. The Y (luminance) is divided into non–overlapping blocks and the low band
coefficients of each block are placed in the matrix data than PCA transform are applied on it. This
method eliminates the disadvantage of low band based on the combination of DCT and PCA
transform.
[40], Hwai–Tsu Hu, et.al. This paper affords a singular scheme able to providing sturdy, high
potential and transparent blind audio watermarking. A set of guidelines is developed to keep the
power balance in frequency band. A scheme has been proposed to attain high performance
watermarking by exploiting perceptual masking in DCT domain. The audio signal is partitioned into
non–overlapping frames of length 4160.
[41], D. Vaishnavi, et.al introduces two methods for invisible and robust watermarking proposed in
RGB color space. In the first strategies, grey scale watermark is embedded at the blue coloration
channel and in 2nd technique, blue colour watermark is embedded at the blue colour channel factors
and then SVD applied on the blue channel of HI to retrieve singular values. They concluded that
first method gives a good robustness for median filtering attacks, for motion blur etc. and second
method gives good

Human Gait Essay
Abstract ABSTRACT One of the main goals of computer vision research is to develop methods for
recognition of objects and events. A subclass of these problems is the recognition of humans and
their activities. Recognition of humans from arbitrary viewpoints is an important requirement for
different applications such as intelligent environments, surveillance and access control. Human gait
is an attractive modality for recognizing people at a distance. Human gait is a spatio–temporal
phenomenon that characterizes the motion characteristics of an individual. There is an increased
interest in gait as a biometric, mainly due to its nonintrusive as well as non–concealable nature. It is
possible to detect and measure gait even in low ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal of gait recognition research is to determine how that information can be extracted from
images. The fact that each person seems to have a distinctive (idiosyncratic) way of walking is
hardly surprising from a biomechanics standpoint. Human ambulation consists of synchronized
integrated movements of hundreds of muscles and joints in the body. Although these movements
follow the same basic pattern for all humans, they seem to vary from one individual to another in
certain details such as their relative timing and magnitudes. Much research in biomechanics and
clinical gait analysis (among others) is devoted to the study of the inter–person and intra–person
variability of gait (albeit not for the purpose of recognition, but rather to determine normal vs.
pathological ranges of 3 Introduction variation). The major sources of inter–person variability are
attributed to physical makeup, such as body mass and lengths of limbs, while the sources for intra–
person variability are things like walking surface, footwear, mood and fatigue. Nonetheless, the gait
of any one individual is known to be fairly repeatable when walking under the same conditions. This
intra–person consistency and inter–person variability are what makes gait suitable (desirable) for
use as a biometric. In this proposal, we present a gait recognition technique which takes a
motionbased recognition approach, and use correspondence–free

Analysis Of Indian News Channels
4.1 Input video We imagine a system wherever a large number of TV broad– cast channels are
monitored by a partial number of being monitor. The channels are in English, Hindi (National
language of India), and a few other Indian regional languages. Several channels are news channels
except a few are entertainment channels, which have speciﬁc news time– slots. The contents of the
news channels include weather reports, talk shows, interviews and other such programs as well
news. The programs are intersperse with commercial breaks. The work will be focus on indexing
news and only the related programs. TV news commercial detection doesn't have dataset is publicly
available as of our knowledge .Therefore benchmarking and comparing dissimilar ... Show more
Detecting a gray scale image is hard if there is an edge or color information could be helpful if we
need known hue identify objects. If we don't require any color we can considered as noise. 2) For
learning image processing, It is better to know grayscale processing firstly and next recognize how
it applies to multichannel processing before starting the full color imaging. By learning single
channel processing we can miss all important insights. 3) Complexity of the code. For finding edges
base on luminance and chrominance you have to get extra work and that work is tough to excuse if
the additional color information isn't helpful for interesting application. 4) Difficulty of
visualization. The division algorithm of grayscale images is quite easy to conceptualize for the
reason that we can assume of the two spatial dimensions, and one brightness dimension when a 3D
image with valleys, hills, catchment basins, ridges etc. In our 3D visualization of gray scale image
"peak brightness" is a mountain peak and there are an amount of algorithms for an instinctive
"physical" interpretation assist us suppose through troubles. In RGB, HSI, Lab and additional color
spaces is much harder this sort of visualization as, there are extra dimensions that the normal human
brain can't visualize simply. 5) Color is complex. Humans recognize and classify color with
deceptive simplicity, if you

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