Dr. Durga Malladi discusses the expansion of 5G NR to enable high capacity and ultra-reliable communications, highlighting its significance for diverse industries such as precision agriculture and autonomous transportation. The presentation emphasizes the role of advanced technologies like MIMO and coordinated multipoint (COMP) to enhance system capacity and reliability, particularly for industrial IoT applications. The document outlines the 5G roadmap, including commercial launches and the development of new functionalities tailored for various vertical markets.

1. How can CoMP extend
5G NR to high capacity and
ultra-reliable communications?
Dr. Durga Malladi
SVP, Engineering & GM, 4G/5G
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
@qualcommJuly 11, 2018 Webinar

2. 22
Precision
agriculture
Reliable access
to remote healthcare
Safer, autonomous
transportation
Enabler to the factory
of the future
>$12 Trillion
Powering the digital economy
In goods and services by 2035
*
5G will expand the mobile
ecosystem to new industries
* The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by Qualcomm
Efficient use of
energy and utilities
Digitized logistics
and retail
Private networks for logistics,
enterprises, industrial,…
Sustainable smart cities
and infrastructure

3. 33
Diverse services Diverse deployments
Mid-bands
1 GHz to 6 GHz
High-bands
Above 24 GHz (mmWave)
Low-bands
Below 1 GHz
Massive Internet
of Things
Diverse spectrum
NR Designing a unified, more capable 5G air interface
Existing, emerging, and unforeseen services – a platform for future innovation
Mission-critical
services
Enhanced mobile
broadband
5G
NR
Licensed/shared/unlicensed

4. 4
Driving the 5G roadmap and ecosystem expansion
20182017 20202019 20222021
Rel-17+ evolutionRel-16Rel-15
Rel-16
Commercial launches
Rel -15
Commercial launchesNR
Field trialsIoDTs
Standalone (SA)
Continue to evolve LTE in parallel as essential part of the 5G Platform
Non-Standalone (NSA)
We are here
eMBB deployments and establish
foundation for future 5G innovations
New 5G NR technologies to evolve
and expand the 5G ecosystem

5. 5
Driving a rich 5G roadmap in Release 16 and beyond
5G Industrial IoT
with URLLC
5G NR integrated
access and backhaul
5G NR in
unlicensed/shared spectrum
5G massive
IoT
5G broadcast3GPP Rel-15
design provides the
foundation for R16+
Sub-6 GHz | mmWave
5G NR
C-V2X

6. 6
5G CoMP

7. 7
5G expansion into new use cases & verticals
Reliability from spatial diversity
Spatial diversity can overcome radio shadowing
in challenging radio environments
Key technology to provide ultra reliability for
challenging industrial IoT applications
Capacity from spatial multiplexing
Allows multiple transmissions at the same time to
multiple location without interfering
Can also be used to by multiple operators to share
spectrum more efficiently

8. 8
Theoretical tradeoff between multiplexing and diversity
Multiple transmit and receive antennas with uncorrelated signal paths create spatial dimensions
1. L. Zheng and D. N. C. Tse, “Diversity and multiplexing: A fundamental tradeoff in multiple antenna channels,” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 49, May 2003.
(0,mn)
(0,32)
(1,(m-1)(n-1))
(1,21)
(2,(m-2)(n-2))
(2,12)
(r,(m-r)(n-r))
(3,5)
(min{m,n},0)
(4,0)
Spatial multiplexing gain: r = R / log SNR
Spatialdiversitygain:d(r)
m : # transmit antennas
n : # receive antennas
Example with m=8 and n=4
Errorrate(log)
SNR (log)
diversity order
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
SNR (log)
# multiplexed
data streams
Capacity
Using spatial dimensions
to multiplex multiple data
streams increases capacity
Using spatial dimensions
for diversity reduces the
error rate
There is a tradeoff between
spatial multiplexing gain
and spatial diversity gain1

9. 9
Exploiting spatial domain—from LTE MIMO to 5G CoMP
1) Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO); 2) Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)
2 Gbps peak-rates with 4x4
MIMO1, carrier aggregation and
higher order modulation
Example: 2 or 4 antennas for
transmit and receive
Multi-user MIMO and 3D
beamforming for better capacity
and cell edge performance,
Example: 128 or 256 antenna
elements for macro deployments
Leveraging CoMP2 diversity and
multiplexing to extend 5G to
new use cases and verticals
Example: Multiple small-cells
with 4 antennas
LTE MIMO 5G Massive MIMO 5G CoMP

10. 10
CoMP is an extension of MIMO
Massive MIMO
Utilizes a large number of antennas to create
multiple spatial dimension from multi-path propagation
to increase capacity and coverage and cell edge.
Example: Macro deployment
Utilizes a large number of distributed antennas
to create multiple spatial dimensions for increased
capacity and/or spatial diversity for reliability
Example: Small-cell deployment
CoMP aka Distributed MIMO
CoMP server

11. 11
5G CoMP—different flavors
1) For example maximize the minimum signal to noise plus interference ratio; 2) This is referring to downlink. For uplink Joint Reception (JR) can be used.
Coord. Sched./Beamforming
• Data via one base station
• Coordinated beamforming between
base stations to improve overall
signal quality1
• Coordinated scheduling to
maximize resource utilization
2
1
2
1
t0
t0
t1
t1
2
1
Data user 1Data user 2
Dynamic Point Selection
• Data via multiple base stations2
• Transmission from a single base
station at each time instance
• Which base station is transmitting
is dynamically changing on a
subframe basis
Joint Transmission (JT)
• Data via multiple base stations2
• Multiple base stations transmit
same data with beamforming
• Coherent JT enables nulling;
requires channel knowledge and
antenna calibration
Data user 1 & 2Data user 1 & 2 Data user 1 & 2Data user 1 & 2

12. 12
5G CoMP for
reliability

13. 1313
Signal strength measurement when an
obstruction is introduced 3 feet from device
Time
Factories have
challenging RF
environments
Blockage and reflections by fast moving metal
objects such as AGV
1
, cranes and conveyor belts
Blockage can cause sudden drop in signal strength
Reflections can lead to rapidly varying
interference from far-away cells
Collecting RF measurements to establish
a propagation model for factory environments
1. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)
11dB drop

14. 14
Time diversity
• Example: Hybrid ARQ
• Gains limited by latency
Frequency diversity
• Wider bandwidth / many channels
• Not effective against blockage
Radio diversity
• Multi-connectivity: NR, LTE, Wi-Fi
• Not effective against blockage
Spatial diversity
• MIMO or CoMP with multiple
antennas
• CoMP effective against RF
blockage
Diversity
schemes
CoMP spatial diversity key for reliability
CoMP server
RF blockage can cause
sudden drop in signal strength

15. 16

16. 1717
Key Industrial IoT functionality targeted for 3GPP rel.16
To support new applications such as wireline replacement
of industrial Ethernet for the reconfigurable factory of the future
Ultra Reliable, Low Latency
Communication (URLLC)
Time Sensitive Networks
(TSN)
Enhanced latency
and reliability
Spectrum
5G NR in licensed, shared
or unlicensed spectrum
Handling of Ethernet
switch functions
Enhanced Quality
of Service (QoS)
Microsecond time
synchronization
real-time
best
effort
1) Transmission and Reception Point (TRP)
CoMP multi-TRP1
transmissions

17. 18
5G CoMP for
capacity

18. 19
User 1User 1
Simultaneous
transmission
causes
interference
Time
User 1
User 2
User 4
User 3
User 4User 3User 2User 1
User 4User 3User 2
User 4
User 2 User 3
User 1
User 3 User 4
User 2

19. 20
TDM avoids
interference, but
only one user
served at a time
Time
User 1
User 2
User 4
User 3
User 2 User 3 User 4User 1

20. 21
CoMP combines
antennas from multiple
small-cells to create more
spatial dimensions
Additional spatial
dimensions allows
simultaneous
transmission to multiple
users in the same
geographical area while
minimizing interference
5G CoMP
increases
system capacity
from spatial
multiplexing
Time
User 1
User 2
User 4
User 3
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4
User 1

21. 22
• Live
5G CoMP capacity gains have many applications
1) 3GPP TR 22.804 v16.0.0 “Study on Communication for Automation in Vertical Domains”
Increased mobile broadband
capacity such as small-cell
deployments in venues and
private 5G networks
Efficient spectrum sharing with
multiple operators using the
same spectrum in the same
area simultaneously
Tradeoff some capacity gains
against higher reliability such
as 99.9999% for industrial IoT
motion control1
Mobile broadband Spectrum sharing URLLC

22. 23
5G NR in Shared Spectrum (NR-SS)
Targeting green-field bands such as 5.9-7.1 GHz and 66-71 GHz bands
Flexible NR framework
Guaranteed QoS
Time synch. and coordination
Vertical & horizontal sharing
5G
• Flexible framework with forward compatibility
• Fast turn-around and self-contained operation
• Time synchronization for more efficient sharing
• Coordinated sharing to improve QoS
• Native support for different priority levels (vertical sharing)
• Flexible framework to support various spectrum landscapes
• Guaranteed bandwidth for each operator
• Opportunistic sharing of unused bandwidth
Exploit spatial domain
• CoMP with spatial sharing to increase capacity
• Spatial Listen Before Talk (LBT) and on-demand LBT
Exploit spatial domain
• CoMP with spatial sharing to increase capacity
• Spatial Listen Before Talk (LBT) and on-demand LBT

23. 2424
Over-the-air
testbed

24. 2525
5G CoMP testbed
small-cell
small-cell
CoMP server
small-cell
small-cell
mobile phones
Setup
• 100 MHz bandwidth
• 3.5 GHz band
4 small-cells
• Two X-pol antennas
• 4x4 MIMO capable
4 mobile phones
• Two omni antennas
• 2x2 MIMO capable
CoMP server
• High perf. compute
• Beamforming

25. 26

26. 27

27. 28
CoMP with spatial sharing with five feet
separation between the phones
How close can the
phones be and
still be spatially
separated? User 1
User 2 User 3
User 4

28. 30
System throughput barely changes
when all four phones are literally
stacked on each other
Answer:
Very close!
User 1
User 2
User 3
User 4

29. 31
LTE MIMO → 5G CoMP
Continue to exploit the spatial domain to
extend 5G to new use cases and verticals
Driving the expansion of 5G NR
ecosystem and opportunity
Learn more at www.qualcomm.com / 5G
Making 5G NR a commercial reality
for 2019 eMBB deployments
5G CoMP for reliability
Using CoMP spatial diversity to provide ultra
reliable connectivity for Industrial IoT applications
5G CoMP for capacity
Using CoMP spatial multiplexing increases
system capacity; 4X gains shown in OTA testbed.
99.9999% reliability
5G NR

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components or devices referenced herein.
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