1) Metropolitan areas in Indonesia like Jakarta face major environmental problems related to water, including land subsidence, flooding, and saltwater intrusion due to overuse and lack of regulation of groundwater extraction. 2) Most domestic water usage, which accounts for 30% of total usage, is from groundwater as piped water only services 30% of the population. 3) The document calls for the government to establish public awareness campaigns, promote sustainable water usage behaviors, and regulate domestic groundwater usage to curb overconsumption and protect this critical resource.

1. R. A. Koesoemo Roekmi

3. WATER REGULATION
AGRICULTURE
70 %
• Regulation : UU 7/2004,PP 20/2006, Perda
• Agency : PJT, GP3, P3A
INDUSTRY
22 %
• Regulation : UU 7/2004, PP 43/2008, Perda
• Agency : PJT, Local Gov Agency,
DOMESTIC
8 %
GLOBAL
WATER
USE
Ground Water
• Regulation : None
•Agency : None
Piped Water
• Regulation : UU 7/2004, PP
•Agency : PDAM, Private
companies
Up to 59 % in
Metropolitan

4. PROBLEMS IN METROPOLITAN CITIES IN
INDONESIA, eg Jakarta
Environmental problems
Land subsidence Flood & Water Salination
There is no regulation for domestic water consumption
Domestic water consumptions is not only for human basic needs but also for economic
activities
Jakarta Population 10,09 million need water
Piped water service coverage only 30 % with
limites water supply
More than 70 % Jakartan rely on ground
water
Ground water depletion
Industrial Water Consumption

5. GROUND WATER AS COMMON
POOL RESOURCES
 Ground water as resources that can be extracted by any
one, unexcludable and unrival  Common Pool
Resources
 Ground water as common pool resources can be self
organised by any institution (Ostrom)
 Who will act as the organisator?
 The users are heterogenous (households & industry),
so the organisator may not one of this group
 The organisator  Local government who is
responsible for the surface of the ground water aquifer

6. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
 Government should establish people awareness about
environmental problems
 Government should promote sustainable behaviours
 Government should issue domestic ground water
regulation for preventing consumtive consumptions

7. 1. ESTABLISH PEOPLE AWARENESS
 We can not expect people to create their own
environmental awareness
 High education ≠ high environmental awareness
(Marandu, 2010)
 Environmental concern  water saving behaviour
(Grafton et al, 2011)
 Government should establish environmental
awareness : education, campaign, information, etc
 Citizens should also be involved, not only as learners
but also as decision makes & actors (University of
Minnesota Water Resources Center, 2011)

8. 2. PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE BEHAVIOURS
 Enhance water efficient appliances usage Hassell and Cary
(2007)
 dual toilet flush,
 washing machine with efficient use of water and
 low volume shower
 Promote behaviour change
 turning off water while brushing teeth,
 taking showers instead of baths,
 watering the garden in the coolest part of the day, collecting
rain water
 recycling waste water

9. 3. ISSUE DOMESTIC GROUND WATER REGULATION
 Government should determine the maximum amount
of domestic ground water usage
 E.g. the first 10 m3 consumption is free, more than that,
a regressive tariff will be applied
 Government should apply different tariff for business
household (car wash, home productions, ‘kost-kostan’
etc)
 Government should monitor domestic ground water
consumptions (by meter)

10. SAVE WATER, SAFE LIFE

11. Pp 43/2008 ttg air tanah
 Pasal 53 :Pemakaian air tanah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 52 ayat (2) merupakan kegiatan penggunaan air tanah yang
ditujukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari,
pertanian rakyat, dan kegiatan bukan usaha.
 Pasal 55 : Hak guna pakai air dari pemanfaatan air tanah untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari bagi perseorangan
sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditentukan sebagai berikut:
 a. penggunaan air tanah dari sumur bor berdiameter kurang dari 2
(dua) inci (kurang dari 5 cm);
 b. penggunaan air tanah dengan menggunakan tenaga manusia dari
sumur gali; atau
 c. penggunaan air tanah kurang dari 100 m3/bulan per kepala
keluarga dengan tidak menggunakan sistem distribusi terpusat.