Around 37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases annually due to improper sanitation facilities and lack of clean drinking water. The solution proposes three parts - 1) collecting rainwater from school and college buildings to recharge groundwater, 2) installing water recycling plants in hostels to preserve groundwater, and 3) privatizing sanitation maintenance area-wise to improve hygiene. If implemented nationwide, this could provide clean water and sanitation for all while reducing health issues and economic losses.

1. Towards Cleaner INDIA:
Providing Clean Drinking Water
and Proper Sanitation Facility to All
19/3/2013
By:
BHAVANA. KN
MOHAMED SADIQ
VIBHA S.D
MAMATHA P.V
KIRAN M.S
Dept. of IS & E
AIT, CHIKMAGALUR

2. 9/3/2013 2
PROBLEM
Around 37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases annually, 1.5
million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone and 73 million working
days are lost due to waterborne disease each year. The resulting economic
burden is estimated at $600 million a year. While „traditional diseases‟ such as
diarrhoea continue to take a heavy toll, 66 million Indians are at risk due to excess
fluoride2 and 10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater.
“THESE ARE HAPPENING BECAUSE OF IMPROPER SANITATION FACILITY
AND UNAVAILABILITY OF CLEAN DRINKING WATER”
"There will be constant competition over water, between farming families and
urban dwellers, environmental conservationists and industrialists, minorities living
off natural resources and entrepreneurs seeking to commodify the resources base
for commercial gain"
-UNICEF report on Indian water.[5]
After all these distribution, the question arises: How can we get clean drinking
water and proper sanitation facility ? Here is the solution !.

3. 9/3/2013 3
The average availability of water is
reducing steadily with the growing
population and it is estimated that
by 2020 India will become a water
stressed nation. Groundwater is
the major source of water in our
country with 85% of the population
dependent on it [3].
So our solution aims on
increasing ground water
resource (PART 1) and
implementing water recycle
plants in hostels of the colleges
and schools located all over the
India (PART 2) and
implementation of proper
sanitary facilities in hostels
schools, colleges (PART 3).
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Available
Demand
Source: World Bank Report on Water in India [2]

4. 9/3/2013 4
INCREASING GROUND WATER
RESOURCE (PART 1) using
SCHOOLS, COLLEGE BUILDINGS
Example: if total number of schools and colleges in INDIA is around 20
lakhs (nearer assumption),
Let average rain water per building collected from its roof be 5000 liters
per year based on rain (least assumption).
Then , 20,00,000 buildings * 5000 liters per year = 1000,00,00,000 liters of
water per year will be collected (1010 liters of water can be collected).
THIS WATER IS MADE TO ABSORB INTO SOIL BY MAKING PROPER
WELLS, BUNDS , TANKS etc.. Which results in increase in ground water
level

5. 9/3/2013 5
Water recycle plants in hostels of the colleges
and schools located all over the India
(PART 2)
Example: Let assume an average of 5000 liters (minimum) of water is
being used for washing, bathing and other domestic purposes per day
per hostel.
Then if there are 5 lakh hostels in all over India then the water that is
used daily per year( which is not used again):
500000 hostels * 5000 liters * 365 days = 912500000000 liters per
year.
So instead of extracting water again from the ground water , this
used water must be recycled by using new technologies such as
bioreactors for purifying waste water and these bioreactor plants gives
back the purified water suitable for domestic purpose not for drinking.
However this reduces the use of ground water (preserves the
ground water) which is suitable for drinking.

6. 9/3/2013 6
Implementation of part 1 and part 2
Part 1 for improving ground water Part 2 for preserving ground water

7. 9/3/2013 7
IMPLEMENTATION
The figures in last slide shows the overview of plants to be
implemented in all hostels, school, college, buildings.
Government must make rigid rule on every school and
college buildings it may be government or non government
institutions, the rain water collection plant must be
implemented.
Government must provide subsidy for implementing the rain
water collection unit based on the size of the building.
But in case of bioreactors, since these are very
expensive, the government must insist only the large (in terms
of water usage ) hostels to install these plants for water
recycling , along with the reasonable subsidy for establishment.

8. 9/3/2013 8
Survey on
number of
schools &
colleges
Categorizing
schools and
colleges
Insisting rules
on schools
and colleges
RRP( Rigid
Registration
Procedure)
Subsidy to
registered
buildings
Verification
after plant
implementation
in each
building
Analysis
report of
entire nation
Block diagram for the brief procedure involved in
implementing proposed solution for improving ground
water and preserving ground water

9. 9/3/2013 9
Bacterial Impurities: Boiling
Chlorination:Ultra Violet Radiation -
SODIS
Slow Sand Filtration
Fluoride: Activated Alumina Technology
Chlorination: boiling
Iron : Oxidation and settling
By above solution we get ground water however there is a
case where ground water is not suitable for drinking so based on
its contents following treatments [4] must be done to make it
suitable for drinking
Turbidity: Cloth Filtration
Slow Sand Filtration
Coagulation
Candle Filtration
Odour :Aeration
Carbon Filtering using charcoal
Boiling
Colour: Carbon Filtering using
charcoal
Slow Sand Filtration
Hardness: Boiling and Settling/ Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
Chloride : Reverse Osmosis
Arsenic: Ion-exchange
Alum-Iron Coagulation

10. 9/3/2013 10
Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease
world-wide especially in INDIA [5] and improving
sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial
impact on health both in households and across
communities. ‘Sanitation' refers to the maintenance of
hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage
collection and wastewater disposal, safe disposal of
human urine and feces.
PART 3- PROPER
SANITATION
Our solution is privatization of maintenance work, area
by area in urban side and village by village in rural
side.

11. 9/3/2013 11
Common ANALYSIS /IMPLEMENTATION / MAINTENANCE
METHODOLOGY ( for part 1 , 2 & 3)
A village
Consolidate
all villages
A talukh
Consolidate
all talukhs
A District
Consolidate
all districts
State
Consolidate
all states
Nation
Calling periodical tenders
for maintenance works
where interested person
takes contract and monthly
collects the rent for
maintenance from each
building that comes under
his area / zone.
In case of slums, the government must give the maintenance amount for the
contractor.
Contractor must be provided
with the rights to put penalties
for those who are not
cooperating with maintenance
works
Government must fix the reasonable rental
charges based on the density of
population, buildings in that particular area.

12. 9/3/2013 12
[1] Giridharadas, Anand. “Water-scarce India, too, Weighs a Return to Ancient
Practices.” International Herald Tribune, 20 Aug 2005.
[2] Dugger, Celia. “Need for Water Could Double In 50 Years, U.N. Study Finds.”
New York Times, August 22, 2006.
[3]“India‟s Population Set to be Biggest”, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3575994.stm
[4 Drinking water quality in rural India: Issues and Approaches, Charity registration
number 288701. T: 0845 6000 433 E: wateraid@wateraid.org W: www.wateraid.org
[5] India: Water Supply and Sanitation – UNICEF Study (2002), 29
REFEERENCES