sustainability

1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
KKKH4284 PERANCANGAN BANDAR DAN LESTARI
TASK 5 : LOCAL AGENDA 21
Coordinator : 1) Prof. Ir. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah Bin O.K. Rahmat
2) Dr. Muhamad Nazri Bin Borhan
Name Matric Number
Noor Izzah Binti Nasohah A137411

2. Task 5
Instruction
Answer following Question:
Listen to Lecture 14 and 15 at https://www.udemy.com/sustainable-urban-development/
You are given a task by the mayor of your hometown to evaluate and give suggestion on how to plan
the town in accordance with Local Agenda 21. Write a brief report on your evaluation and
suggestion.

3. Local Agenda 21 is a local-government-led, community-wide, and participatory effort to
establish a comprehensive action strategy for environmental protection, economic prosperity and
community well-being in the local jurisdiction or area. This requires the integration of planning
and action across economic, social and environmental spheres. Key elements are full community
participation, assessment of current conditions, target setting for achieving specific goals,
monitoring and reporting. Local agenda 21 are as follow :
 Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally
by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every
area in which human impacts on the environment.
 Resources are used efficiently and waste minimised.
 Pollution is limited
 The diversity of nature is valued and protected
 Where possible, local needs are met locally
 Everyone has access to good food, water, shelter and fuel at reasonable cost
 Peoples’ good health is protected by creating safe, clean, pleasant environments and
health services which emphasize prevention of illness as well as proper care of the for the
sick.
 Access to facilities, services, goods and other people is not achieved at the expense of the
environment or limited to those with cars.
 People live without fear of personal violence from crime or persecution because of their
personal beliefs, race, gender or sexuality
 Everyone has the skills, knowledge and information needed to enable them to play a full
part in society.
 All sections of the community are empowered to participate in decision-making.
 Opportunities for culture, leisure and recreation are readily available to al
 Places, spaces and objects combine meaning and beauty with utility. ‘Human’
Settlements in scale and form. Valuing Diversity and local distinctiveness.
 Links are developed with other parts of the World.

4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy use. To increase the efficiency of the
building envelope, (the barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space), they may use
high-efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors. Another strategy, passive
solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers orient windows and
walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs. In addition, effective
window placement (day lighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric
lighting during the day. Solar water heating further reduces energy loads. Onsite generation of
renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly
reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most
expensive feature to add to a building
WATER EFFICIENCY
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable
building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the
supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities
should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site.
The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished
by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be
minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow
shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing
possibilities of re-using water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both
water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water in circulation. The use of
non-sewage and grey water for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the
local aquifer.

5. MATERIALS EFFICIENCY
Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include rapidly renewable plant materials
like bamboo (because bamboo grows quickly) and straw, lumber from forests certified to be
sustainable managed, ecology blocks, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other
products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, or recyclable. The EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion
products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in construction projects. Building materials should
be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in
their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and
delivered to site, to maximize benefits of off-site manufacture including minimizing waste,
maximizing recycling, high quality elements, less noise and dust.
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION
Sustainable transportation is seen as transportation that meets mobility needs while also
preserving and enhancing human and ecosystem health, economic progress and social justice
now and for the future.
From the European Union Council of Ministers of Transport, defines a sustainable
transportation system as one that:
 Allows the basic access needs of individuals and societies to meet safely and in a manner
consistent.
 Is affordable, operates efficiently, offers choice of transport mode and supports a vibrant
economy.
 Limits emissions and waste within the planet’s ability to absorb them, minimizes
consumption of non-renewable resources, limits consumption of renewable resources to the
sustainable yield level, reuses and recycles it components and minimizes the use of land and
the production of noise.

6.  Public transport .
 Cycling and walking.
SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE
It is an approach to managing rainfall in development that replicates natural drainage. It aims to:
 Prevent pollution
 Control flooding
 Recharge groundwater
 Enhance the environment
There are four general design options:
 Filter strips and swales
 Filter drains and permeable surfaces
 Infiltration devices
 Basins and pond (On-Site Detention)
PARKING SYSTEM
The parking space should be apply is a permeable parking which allow the infiltration of rain
water into the ground and reduce the surface runoff. The rain water along the road will flow into
the nearest drainage and increase the flow in drainage system. Then, multi-level parking system
can save space. Besides, park and ride system also suitable to be apply in town because it can
encourage citizen to use public transport. Hence, crisis of parking space can be solved.

7. WASTE
To create awareness for sustainable life among the community :
 organized campaign recycle and reuse in town.
 save the electricity and water usage,
 avoid printing notes if you can, use both sides of the paper.
 campaign anti-polystyrene which is non-degradable.
 Apply 3 recyle bins around the town