It was presented on ASEASUK Conference in London on 18 September 2016.

1. Community based water
supplies in Cikarang,
are they sustainable?
RADEN AJENG KOESOEMO ROEKMI
DEAKIN UNIVERSITY
ASEASUK 2016 Conference, 16 – 18 September 2016

2. Community based water supply (CBWS)
◦ Water supply distribution that is managed by community, mostly use
groundwater source
◦ Indonesian government project on CBWS: PAMSIMAS, SANIMAS, SLBM, etc
Source: puskim.pu.go.id Source: desa-sedayu.blogspot.co.uk Source: personal collection

3. METHODOLOGY
Population : 11 CBWS built on 2011 – 2013 as Community water supply and sanitation program
of ICWRMIP
 Samples : 5 CBWS
Data collection: interview with CBWS regulators and local government official
Analysis based on:
1. Ostrom design principle for robust user institutions (Ostrom, 1990)
2. First target of Sustainable Development Goals (UN, 2015) for safe (Permenkes 492/2010), and
affordability of water (Permendagri 23/2006)
3. Groundwater sustainability (Gleeson et al, 2010, Dillon, 2005)

4. 1. Design principles
Principle Availibility
Clearly define boundaries
• Resources
• Users
NC
√
Congruence between appropriation and provision rules and local condition √
Collective choice arrangement √
Monitoring √
Graduate sanction √
Conflict resolution √
Minimal recognition of right to organize √
Nested enterprises X
OSTROM’S DESIGN PRINCIPLE
The principles
are exist with
some technical
social and
financial barriers

5. Technical, social and financial barriers
 Fix failed pump
 Problems with electricity
 Bank loan for service
expansion
 Unpaid electricity bills
 Late payment

6. 2. Safe and affordable water
Parameter Unit Threshold limit
value
Cibatu Jayamukti Pasir tanjung 1 Pasir tanjung 2 Pasirsari
Microbiological
Coliform Colony/ 100
mL
0 11 46 4 95 >1898
Faecal Coliform Colony/ 100
mL
0 4 7 0 14 26
Physical
Colour TCU 15 32 16 15 16 18
Temperature 0C Ambient temp
+ 30C
27.9 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.8
Turbidity NTU 5 10.48 1.16 1.28 0.49 1.16
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 500 475 1400 302 155 469
Chemical
pH - 6.5 – 8.5 7.26 7.4 7.09 7.07 7.65
Iron mg/L 0.30 1.67 <0.05 0.37 0.16 <0.05
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 500 74.4 176.7 79.98 29.76 93
Chloride mg/L 250 36 253 12 14 37
Chromium Total mg/L 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Nitrate as NO3 mg/L 50 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.6
Nitrite as NO2 mg/L 3 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
Sulphate mg/L 250 99.6 253.8 76 7.6 65.6
Manganese mg/L 0.40 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
SAFE WATER

7. 2. Safe and affordable water
CBWS INITIAL SUBSCRIPTION FEE CONSUMPTION FEE PER m3
IDR USD IDR USD
Cibatu 500,000 38.5 3,000 0.23
Jayamukti Before Sep 2015 350,000 26.9 Before Sep2015 2,500 (for all users) 0.19
Since Sep 2015 500,000 38.5 Since Sep2015 3,500(commercial) 0.27
Pasirtanjung 1 Before 2015 300,000 23.1 2,500 0.19
Since 2015 500,000 38.5
Pasirtanjung 2 Before 2015 300,000 23.1 2,500 0.19
Since 2015 500,000 38.5
Pasirsari Before 2015 600,000 46.2 0 – 10 m3 3,000 0.23
Since 2015 800,000 61.5 11 – 20 m3 3,500 0.27
21 m3 onwards 4,000 0.31
administration fee IDR 2,000 (USD 0.15) and
subscription fee IDR 5,000 (USD 0.38)
TARIFF AFFORDABILITY

8. 2. Safe and affordable water
TARIFF AFFORDABILITY
CBWS IDR USD
Cibatu 30,000 2.3
Jayamukti 25,000 1.9
Pasirtanjung 1 25,000 1.9
Pasirtanjung 2 25,000 1.9
Pasirsari 37,000 2.85
 Permendagri 23/2006 : tariff for 10m3
consumption should no more than 4% UMP
 UNDP 2006: tariff for water needs should no
more that 3% of household’s income
 The most expensive tariff for 10m3
consumption (Pasirsari) = 1.3% provincial
minimum wage  affordable
 The tariff is too low for regulator to improve
service
Tarif for 10m3 consumption in a month

9. 3. Groundwater sustainability
Some regulators notice decrease on water
supply during dry seasons
There are no effort to monitor groundwater
table
There are no effort to recharge and sustain
groundwater table by implementing simple
sustaining activities
There are no communication with local
government institution

10. Conclusion
The CBWS are strong as user institutions, but should improve
their capabilities or be assisted by government or non
government institutions in technical issues, especially in
managing water quality and groundwater sustainability.
There should be a government institution or an ad hoc
institution to monitor CBWS services.
The CBWS can benefit more financially if they could raise their
tariff in a certain level.

11. Thank you