Honeybee biology and communication.pptx
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This document summarizes bee biology and communication. It describes the four life stages of honeybees: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. There are three castes in a honeybee colony: the queen, workers, and drones. The queen lays eggs and produces pheromones. Workers divide their labor between nursing and foraging. Drones mate with queens. Honeybees communicate through dances that indicate the direction and distance to food sources, and through pheromones that control reproduction, defense, and other behaviors.
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Pedigree selection is a widely used method of breeding self-pollinated species.
A key difference between pedigree selection and mass selection or pure-line selection is that hybridization is used to generate variability (for the base population), unlike the other methods in which production of genetic variation is not a feature.
The method was first described by H. H. Lowe in 1927.
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.
The base population is established by crossing selected parents, followed by handling an actively segregating population.
Documentation of the pedigree enables breeders to trace parent–progeny back to an individual F2 plant from any subsequent generation.
The breeder should develop an effective, easy to maintain system of record keeping.
Pedigree selection is applicable to breeding species that allow individual plants to be observed, described, and harvested separately.
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Course related presentation presented at Institute of Agriculture & Animal Science (IAAS), Lamjung, Nepal
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Honey bees are social insects that live in highly organized colonies. They are yellow and black, about 15 mm in length, and have two pairs of wings. The colony consists of a queen bee, worker bees, and male drone bees. Worker bees perform tasks like building the hive, feeding larvae, and collecting pollen and nectar. They communicate the location of food sources through round and waggle dances. The hive produces honey, wax, and propolis as products.
apiculture-typesofhoneybeesandlifecycle-200411174407-1.pdf
1. There are five main types of honey bees - the rock bee, eastern bee, European bee, garden bee, and dammer bee. Each type varies in size, habitat, aggressiveness, and annual honey production.
2. Honey bees live in highly organized colonies consisting of a queen, several hundred drones, and thousands of sterile female workers. The queen lays eggs while workers carry out most colony tasks like foraging, building, and defense.
3. Honey bees progress through four life stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The queen lays thousands of eggs per day while workers care for the larvae and pupae, which develop into either workers, drones, or a new queen over 3
Apiculture types of honey bees and life cycle
1. There are five main types of honey bees - the rock bee, eastern bee, European bee, garden bee, and dammer bee. Each type varies in size, habitat, aggressiveness, and annual honey production.
2. Honey bees live in highly organized colonies consisting of a queen, several hundred drones, and thousands of worker bees that fulfill different roles.
3. Honey bees progress through four life stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The queen lays eggs that hatch into larvae in 3 days, and adults emerge 16-24 days later depending on their caste.
Social communication among honey bees
This document discusses honey bee communication and is presented by a group of students including Aadil Mahtab, Mukadas Amanat, Tazeen Iram, and Rabeha Shabir. It covers topics such as the introduction and types of honey bees, physiology of honey bees, communication methods including the round dance and waggle dance, and pheromone communication. Individual group members then provide more detailed summaries on physiology of honey bees, the waggle dance, round dance, and pheromones.
Honey Bee Biology by Madam Ayesha Department of Zoology University of Peshawa...
Beekeeping involves managing honey bee colonies. Bees are social insects that evolved from wasps millions of years ago. A bee colony consists of one queen, thousands of female worker bees, and hundreds of male drones. Workers perform different tasks as they age, initially cleaning cells, then receiving and storing nectar and pollen, before becoming foragers. The queen lays eggs and controls the colony with pheromones. Workers care for larvae, build comb, regulate temperature, and defend the hive. Colonies have distinct seasons for foraging, brood production, and swarming or supersedure of the queen.
Honey Bee Ppt.pptx
Honey bees play an important role in pollinating 80% of insect crops. There are several species of honey bees including the rock bee, little bee, Indian bee, European/Italian bee, and stingless bee. Honey bees have chewing mouthparts, antennae, membranous wings, legs adapted for pollen collection, and females have a sting. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. Honey bee colonies consist of a queen, workers, and drones with different morphologies and roles. Honey bees communicate through dancing, collect nectar and pollen through foraging, and produce honey through food storage and processing. Apiculture involves beekeeping techniques like using movable frames
Social organization in honey bees
Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family group.
Communication, complex net construction, environmental control, defense and divison of the labor are just some of the behaviour that honey bees have developed to exist successfully in social colonies.
A honey bees colony typically consists of three kinds of the bees 1) Queen. 2) Workers. 3) Drones.
In addition to thousands of workers adults, a colony normally has a single queen & several hundred drones.
Honey bees live in comb or nest.
Mutual cooperation exist.
Developed communication Dance.
Bees anatomy
Bees have several organ systems including a circulatory, digestive, and glandular system. Their circulatory system involves an open circulatory system where hemolymph freely circulates nutrients. The digestive system includes a crop for storing nectar and a ventriculus for digesting food. The glandular system produces and secretes products both internally and externally. Bees live in hives which can house over 80,000 bees ruled by a queen. They collect pollen and nectar as food and use it to create honey which they store in the hive. While bees can sting if threatened, their stings often kill them since their stingers get left behind.
OSBA_Beekeeping_slide_set_3_Intro_Bees_World.ppt
This document provides an introduction to honey bees and beekeeping. It discusses the main types of bees found in a colony - the queen bee, worker bees, and drone bees. It describes their key characteristics and roles. The document also outlines the life cycle of honey bees from egg to adult, and how development times differ by caste. Additionally, it provides details on the social structure of bee colonies and some of the equipment commonly used in beekeeping.
apiculture.pptx
This document provides information on beekeeping and honey bees. It discusses the objectives of beekeeping, which include maintaining bee colonies, producing honey and other products, and conducting training programs. It then describes the taxonomic classification of honey bees, listing the five common species. The life cycle and castes of honey bees - the queen, drones, and workers - are explained. The document also covers bee communication through dances, pollination, and the nuptial flight of queen bees.
Introduction to Apiculture for Animal science
The document provides information about Apiculture (AnSc 421), a course at Wallaga University. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The document introduces apiculture as the science of beekeeping. It discusses the origins and distribution of honeybees, noting that they originated in Africa and are now found worldwide. The rest of the document covers topics related to bee biology, anatomy, physiology, honeybee species and races, and reasons for beekeeping.
Apiculture hand out chapter 1_3 for Animal science.pptx
The honeybee colony consists of one queen, thousands of worker bees, and a few hundred male drones. The queen's role is to lay eggs and produce pheromones that maintain social order. Workers perform all other tasks in the colony including feeding larvae, nest construction, food collection and storage, and environmental control of the hive. Drones' sole role is to mate with virgin queens. Each caste has a distinct development period from egg to adult ranging from 16 days for the queen to 24 days for drones. Understanding the colony organization and roles of each caste is important for beekeeping management.
41.juhi patel.pptx
This ppt is about Apis florea, honeybee its introduction, scientific classification and identification . How they communicate with each other. How they forage and take their diet and their defence mechanism
Apiculture: Honeybee Species
In this powerPoint, included classification, habit and habitat and different wild and domestic species of honeybees and their importance. It will be beneficial to all the students, learners and educators.
ENTO 332_Lec No.2_Morphology of Honey Bees.pptx
The document discusses the morphology, biology, and caste distinction of honey bees. It describes the key physical features of honey bees including their heads, antennae, mouthparts, mandibles, wings, legs, and abdomens. It also explains the three main castes - queens, workers, and drones - and their roles within the honey bee colony as well as the life cycle from egg to adult. The document provides details on the structure and functions of honey bees.
Apiculture
Honey bees are important pollinators and producers of honey and beeswax. There are four main species of honey bees - the rock bee, Indian hive bee, little bee, and European bee. Honey bees live in hives with one queen, several hundred drones, and thousands of workers. The queen lays eggs which hatch into larvae and develop through pupa stages before emerging as adult bees. Honey bees collect nectar and pollen which they use to make honey through regurgitation and dehydration. In addition to honey, beeswax is an important product with various uses. Honey bees play a vital role in pollinating crops and flowering plants.
COLONY ORGANIZATION AND LIFE CYCLE OF HONEY BEE
This document provides an overview of colony organization and the life cycle of honey bees. It discusses the three main types of bees in a colony - the queen, workers, and drones. The queen lays eggs and is fed by worker bees. Workers perform all tasks in the colony, including feeding larvae, hive maintenance, and foraging. Drones do not work, and their sole purpose is to mate with virgin queens. The life cycle begins with an egg laid by the queen, which hatches into a larva and then a pupa before emerging as an adult bee. Stages have different durations for each caste.
honey bee.ppt
The document discusses the role of honey bees and beekeeping in enhancing farm productivity and profitability. It provides details on honey bee biology, types of honey bees, bee development stages, the present status of beekeeping in India, and beekeeping requirements and management practices. Maintaining healthy honey bee colonies through proper apiary site selection, bee nutrition, migration, and integrating beekeeping as a fifth important agricultural input can significantly increase crop yields and quality through pollination.
RAWE(Rural work experience report)
The document provides details about a presentation on rural agricultural work experience (RAWE) conducted at Roorkee College in Roorkee, India. The presentation covered topics like mushroom cultivation, apiculture (beekeeping), food processing, and a socio-economic survey of a village. Apiculture was discussed in detail covering bee species, castes, life cycle, tools used, and bee products. Mushroom cultivation focused on oyster mushrooms including their economic importance and production process. The socio-economic survey described collecting data on a village's facilities, occupation, education, income, and development constraints.
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Introduction to Honey bees and their Classification
Introduction to Honey bees and their Classification
apiculture-typesofhoneybeesandlifecycle-200411174407-1.pdf
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Honey Bee Biology by Madam Ayesha Department of Zoology University of Peshawa...
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Apiculture hand out chapter 1_3 for Animal science.pptx
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
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Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyOverview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionPromoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
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ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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Honeybee biology and communication.pptx
- 1. Bee biology and communication Dr. Denisha Rajkhowa Assistant Professor Department of Entomology CoA, CAU, Pasighat
- 2. Biology of Honeybee • Honey bees undergo complete metamorphosis (holometabolism) • Develop through four life stages 1. Egg 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. Adult
- 3. Colony organization • There are three castes in a honeybee colony: queen, workers and drone • Queen and workers are female bee and drones are male bee • Only one queen can live in Apis species colony but in case of stingless bee, there are more than one queen in a colony • From fertilized egg, workers are developed and in Apis cerana colony 10,000-30,000 workers and in Apis mellifera colony 30,000-50,000 workers are present • Drones are developed from unfertilized egg and only 200-300 drones in Apis cerana colony and 400-500 in Apis mellifera colony are present
- 4. Fig: Apis cerana colony
- 5. Fig: Apis mellifera colony
- 6. Fig: Apis dorsata colony
- 7. Fig: Apis florea colony
- 8. Queen • Queen is the only reproductively and perfectly developed female in the colony • Queen can lay fertilized and unfertilized eggs as is indicated by the workers • A queen can live upto 2 – 5 years • Can lay 1500 eggs a day during breeding season • Produces air-borne pheromones (“queen substance”) that keep the colony functioning orderly, loyal and protective to that queen • Stinger does not have barbs – only uses it to kill rival queens Fig . Apis cerana queen Fig . Apis mellifera queen
- 9. Workers • A worker bee’s life spend is about 6 weeks during active brood rearing season • Division of labour among the workers is on physiological basis • During the first half of her life she becomes nurse bee, they involves in wax production, feeding to the larvae, royal preparation, comb building etc. • In the second half of her life, she becomes searcher and gatherer Fig . Apis cerana worker Fig . Apis mellifera worker
- 10. Drone • The average life span of drone is almost 2 months • The only function of male bee is to mate with queen and die after mating • They can not feed by themselves, so 3-6 workers are required to transfer the food to a drone • They are driven out of the hive to die of starvation when not needed Fig . Apis cerana drone Fig . Apis mellifera drone
- 11. Honeybee communication • Honey bees use movement, odour cues, and even food exchanges to share information. • During foraging honeybee can communicate to each other through their movement which is called dance communication • There are 3 types of dance communication 1. Waggle dance 2. Round dance 3. Sickle dance • The purpose of the dance is simply to gain attention to the returning worker bee so she can share the odor of the nectar with other workers who will then follow the odor trail to the source
- 12. • Waggle dance performs to teach other workers (gatherer) the location of food sources more than 150 meters from the hive • Round dance is a series of narrow circular movements, alerts colony members to the presence of food within 50 meters of the hive • Sickle dance is intermediate between waggle and round dance, alerts workers to food supplies within 50-150 meters from the hive
- 13. Sickle dance
- 14. • Odour cues also transmit important information to members of the honey bee colony 1. Pheromones produced by the queen control reproduction in the hive 2. Pheromones play a role in the defense of the hive as well. When a worker honey bee stings, it produces a pheromone that alerts her fellow workers to the threat 3. During wax production, honey production they also use different kind of pheromone
- 15. THANK YOU