§ 264 - Use of Genuine medicine in proper strength § 265 - Physician to prepare him own medicine § 266 - Raw Drug Material § 267 - Preparation of medicine from Indigenous Plant § 268 - Preparation of Medicines from Exotic Plants § 269 - Dynamization of medicine Organon Of Medicine Presentation by Shravan Namdev § 270 - Potentization - Trituration & Succussion & Fifty Millisemal Potencies § 271 - Physician To prepare his own medicine § 272 - Administration of Remedy - Single Remedy

1. § 264 - § 272
Pharmacy
Organon Of Medicine
Guided By:
Dr K.M.Pathak (HOD)
Dr.Priyanka Mehra
Presented By :
Shravan Namdev
Parmanand Kushwaha

2. I n d e x .
§ 264 - Use of Genuine medicine in proper strength
§ 265 - Physician to prepare him own medicine
§ 266 - Raw Drug Material
§ 267 - Preparationof medicine from IndigenousPlant
§ 268 - Preparationof Medicines from Exotic Plants
§ 269 - Dynamizationof medicine
§ 270 - Potentization - Trituration& Succussion & Fifty MillisemalPotencies
§ 271 - Physician To prepare his own medicine
§ 272 - Administrationof Remedy - Single Remedy
~Shravan Namdev

3. Part one
~Shravan Namdev

4. § 264 - Genuine medicine
• The true physician must be provided with genuine medicines of
unimpaired strength, so that he may be able to rely upon their
therapeutic powers; he must be able, himself, to judge of their
genuineness.
~Shravan Namdev

5. § 265 - Physician to prepare him own
medicine
• It should be a matter of conscience with him to be thoroughly
convinced in every case that the patient always takes the right
medicine.*
• § 265: Sixth Edition:
• 'and therefore he must give the patient the correctly chosen medicine
prepared, moreover, by himself'.
~Shravan Namdev

6. § 266 Raw Drug Material & Preparation of
medicine
• Substances belonging to the animal and vegetable kingdoms possess
their medicinal qualities most perfectly in their raw state.¹
~Shravan Namdev

7. § 266 Footnote
• All crude animal and vegetable substances have a greater or less amount of medicinal power, and
are capable of altering man's health, each in its own peculiar way.
• Those plants and animals used by the mostenlightened nations as food have this advantageover
all others, that they contain a larger amount of nutritious constituents; and they differ from the
others in this, that their medicinal powers in their raw stateare either not very great in
themselves, or are diminished by the culinary processes they are subjected to in cooking for
Domesticuse,
• by the expression of the pernicious juice (like the cassavaroot of South America),
• by fermentation (of the rye-flour in the dough for making Bread, sour-crout prepared without
vinegar and pickled gherkins(खीरा),
• by smoking and by the action of heat (in boiling, stewing. toasting, roasting, baking), whereby the
medicinal parts of many of these substances are in part destroyed and dissipated.
~Shravan Namdev

8. • By the addition of salt (pickling) and vinegar (sauces, salads) animal and vegetable substances
certainly lose much of their injurious medicinal qualities, but other disadvantages result from
these additions.
• But even those plants that possess mostmedicinal power lose that in part or completely by such
processes. By perfect dissication all the roots of the various kinds of iris, of the horseradish, of the
different species of arum and of the peonies lose almost all their medicinal virtue.
• The juice of the most virulent plants often becomes an inert, pitch-like mass, from the heat
employed in preparing the ordinary extracts.
• By merely standing a long time, the expressed juice of the mostdeadly plants becomes quite
powerless; even at a moderate atmospheric temperature it rapidly takes on the vinous
fermentation (and thereby loses much of its medicinal power),
• and immediately thereafter the acetous and putrid fermentation, whereby it is deprived of all its
peculiar medicinal properties;
~Shravan Namdev

9. Preparation of Medicines
1.From Indigenous Plant § 267
2. From Exotic Plant § 268
~Shravan Namdev

10. Preparation & Storage of Medicines Prepared from
Indigenous Plants ☘️
1.From Indigenous Plant §
267
~Shravan Namdev

11. Indigenous Plant Extraction (Fresh)
+
Equal Part of Alcohol
The mixture is allowed to stand for a day
and night (24 hrs)
fibrinous and albuminous matter
deposits at the bottom.
The clear superincumbent fluid is then decanted
and used for medicinal use. ~Shravan Namdev

12. Contd...
• This extract can be stored for a long time safely by keeping it in a well
corked bottle, and protecting it from sunlight, heat, and strong
smelling substances.
• Wax may be applied to the lid in order to prevent the entry of any
amount of moisture and to prevent evaporation.
~Shravan Namdev

13. :- But those plants rich in thick mucus and albumen can be mixed with the double
quality of alcohol. Example: Symphytum officinale, viola tricolor etc contain thick
mucus. Aethusa cynapium, solanum nigrum contain excess albumen.
:- Those plants which have less juice can be pounded, mixed up with the double
quantity of alcohol and the pulp can be pressed out and the juice is extracted.
:- But very dry substances can be triturated and mixed up with sugar of milk and then
potentised.
§ 267 Footnote
~Shravan Namdev

14. Symphytum Officinale
viola tricolor
Aethusa cynapium
solanum nigrum
~Shravan Namdev

15. • The exotic plants (those that do not belong to the native country) are not
available to the physician in a fresh state.
• They are generally available in a stored, pulverized, form.
• The sensible physician will never use them directly for the preparation of
medicine.
• He will first check the genuiness of the crude medicinal substance.
2. From Exotic Plant § 268
~Shravan Namdev

16. Because of its hidden moisture content, the pulverized medicine gets spoiled by
preservation. Any kind of well corked bottle cannot preserve it properly.
Hence, before storing and preserving any medicine the following precautions can
be taken.
The pulverized medicinal substance that has to be preserved has to be spread out
in a flat tin saucer with raised edges. The arrangement must be such that the tin
saucer must float in a vessel full of water (water bath).
The heating has to be continued till the powder assumes a dry. fine, sand like
consistency. No particles of the substanceshould stick to each other. This powder
can be preserved for a long period in well corked and sealed bottles. These
bottles have to be kept away from the day light.
~Shravan Namdev

17. Water Bath
~Shravan Namdev

18. Part Two
~Shravan Namdev

19. § 269 - Dynamization of medicine
Ruta
Crude Form
Ruta
In Dilutionform
Or Dynamic form
Or Potentise form

20. • Dynamisation is a process of developing the inherent or latent
remedial powers of a crude drug to an incredible degree, which is
unique to homeopathy.
• Hahnemann defines dynamisation as,
• "The mechanical action upon the smallest particles by means of
rubbing and shaking and through the addition of an indifferent
substance, dry or fluid are separated from each other" (§ 269)
§ 269 - Dynamization of medicine
~Shravan Namdev

21. "Were it not for the knowledge of the dynamis of drugs and
minimum dose, homeopathy would have sunk back with the
memory of Hahnemann's proving of a few drugs, as it did after
the work of Hippocrates, Haler and Stahl. This is where the
greater genius of Hahnemann shines forth and will continue."
-Stuart Close
~Shravan Namdev

22. Hahnemann's Experiments with
Dynamisation
• The theory of dynamisation was first introduced into the 5th edition of Organon
by Hahnemann.
• Even before the publication of 5th edition, Hahnemann was experimenting and
got convinced that the curative action of drug infact increases with the dilution.
But he introduced this theory of dynamization only after thorough
experimentation, just as he did withthe other principles of homeopathy.
• This principle was criticized by both the homeopaths as well as orthodox
medicinal world. Most of the Hahnemannian followers termed this principle as a
theoretical absurdity But this is not an over-night fancy of Hahnemann, he made
experiments with minimum doses possible even before this period of 1833
~Shravan Namdev

23. • Since the year 1796 Hahnemann prescribed homeopathic medicines in the regular crude form.
• His experiments have shown that the homeopathic medicines in their crude form lead to a
condition called aggravation, which gave unwanted sufferingsto the patient.
• In certain cases this condition even prevented the curative process. This led him to think over the
concept of dilutions.
• In the year 1796, Hahnemann was experimenting with the possibilities of homeopathic cures with
smallestdoses. To avoid the unwanted aggravations he tried with the serial dilutions of
medicines.
• History shows that in the year 1812 itself, Hahnemann prescribed the drug Arnica in 18th and
Nux vomicain the 9th dilutions With the discovery of trituration and potentisation,
• Hahnemann identified that some inert substances like commonsalt, charcoal, Lycopodium
Silicea, etc become efficient medicines only when triturated with sugar of milk.
• From such experiences he started calling his medicines as dynamisations and not dilutions.
• In the year 1826 and even in the year 1827 in his book "MateriaMedicaPura", Hahnemann
explained about the power of dynamisation.
~Shravan Namdev

24. • Homeopathic medicines are not just mechanical dilutions of medicinal extracts,
but they are the results of a systemic process of bringing out the inherent
curative effects otherwise hidden in the crude substance.
• By the year 1833, Hahnemann got thoroughly convinced with the efficacy of
dynamised medicines and he introduced this doctrine of dynamisation for the
first time in his 5th edition of Organon. The life preserving force is dynamic in
nature, the noxious forces are dynamic in nature and hence the disease curing
medicinal forces must also be dynamic in nature. This is because, the action and
reaction take place only between the two similar forces of same manifestations.
~Shravan Namdev

25. § 269 - FootNote
• , "Only after this ball of steel is dynamised, rubbing it with a dull file in one
direction, will it become a true active powerful magnet, one able to attract iron
and steel to itself and impart to another bar of steel by mere contactand even
some distance away, magnetic power and this in higher degree the more it has
been rubbed.
• In the same way will, triturating a medicinal substanceand shaking of its solution
[dynamisation, potentisation]
• develop the medicinal powers hidden within and manifest them more and more
or if one may say so, spiritualizes the material substanceitself".
~Shravan Namdev

26. Controversy Over Dynamisation
• The only cause why the modern scientific medicine rejects homeopathyis because of its theory of
dynamisation. Even a group of homeopaths rejected this theory of dynamisations in its early days
of introduction into Organon.
• They accepted it in the later years after verifying its superiority over the crude medicines.
• The homeopathic medicine does not contain any amount of materialistic medicinal substance in
its highly attenuated form.
• The maximum possible potentisation which may contain the smallestmolecule is upto 11th
centesimal potency. But homeopaths all over the world believe that their medicines act better in
the highly dynamised form.
• The modus operandi of dynamised homeopathic medicines on the materialistic ground is difficult.
~Shravan Namdev

27. • Several homeopaths like Dr. O. Lesser, Dr. Boyd and Dr. C.E. Wheeler etc have
made several attemptsto explain the action of dynamic medicines on the
grounds of scientific evidence.
• Some practitioners have the idea that energy in the nature can be stored in the
solid, liquid, gaseous and radioactive states.
• Homeopathic medicines store their energy in radioactive states. But the highly
diluted medicines also failed to fulfill these criteria. Existing knowledge of physics
cannot explain the action of homeopathic medicines in comparison with
radioactive states.
• Dr. Boyd experimented on dynamic medicines with an instrumentcalled
"emanometre". This instrumentcan detect the electromagnetic energy and also
its intensity in different substances.
• His experiments with this instrument showed that different dynamised
homeopathic remedies contain different electro-magnetic powers in different
potencies. But research work on this topic is still in its infancy. Dr. J.H.Clarke in his
book "Homeopathy explained",
~Shravan Namdev

28. • introduces us to Darwin's experiments with dilutions. He says, "I may refer to Darwin's researches with
the fly catching plant Drosera or sundew.
• Darwin found that solutions of certain salts of ammonia stimulated the glands of the tentacles and
caused the latter to turn inwards. He made this solution more and more dilute but still the plant was
able to detect the presence of the salt. Darwin was almost frightened by his results."
• Clarke even says that Darwin was hesitating to publish his results because this experiment was against
the scientific belief. But this is well acceptable by homeopaths because it is nothing but a dynamic
effectof the solutionthat Darwin prepared.
~Shravan Namdev

29. § 270 - Potentization
• Thus two drops of the fresh vegetable juice mingled with equal parts
of alcohol are diluted with ninety-eight drops of alcohol and
potentized by means of two succussions, whereby the first
development of power is formed and this process is repeated through
twenty-nine more phials, each of which is filled three-quarters full
with ninety-nine drops of alcohol, andeach succeeding phial is to
be provided with one drop from the preceding phial (which has
already been shaken twice) and is in its turn twice shaken,¹ and
in the same manner at last the thirtieth development of power
(potentized decillionth dilution X) which is the one most
generally used.
~Shravan Namdev

30. § 270 Potentization
• Trituration
• Succussion
• 50 Millisemal Potencies
~Shravan Namdev

31. Scales For Potentization
1. Decimal Scale - 1:9
2. Centesimal scale 1:99
3. 50 Millesimal scale
~Shravan Namdev

32. §270 6th Edition (50 Millesimal )
• In order to best obtain this development of power, a small part of the substance to be dynamized,
say one grain, is triturated for three hours with three times one hundred grains sugar of milk
according to the method described below up to the one- millionth part in powder form. For
reasons given below (b) one grain of this powder is dissolved in 500 drops of a mixture of one part
of alcohol and four parts of distilled water, of which one drop is put in a vial. To this are added 100
drops of pure alcohol³ and given one hundred strong succussions with the hand againsta hard
but elastic body. This is the medicine in the first degree of dynamizationwith which small sugar
globules' may then be moistened and quickly spread on blotting paper to dry and kept in a well-
corked vial with the sign of (1) degree of potency. Only one globule of this is taken for further
dynamization, put in a second new vial (with a drop of water in order to dissolve it) and then with
100 drops of good alcohol and dynamized in the same way with 100 powerful succussions.
• With this alcoholic medicinal fluid globules are again moistened, spread upon blotting paper and
dried quickly, put into a well-stoppered vial and protected from heat and sun light and given the
sign (II) of the second potency. And in this way the process is continued until the twenty-ninth is
reached. Then with 100 drops of alcohol by means of 100 succussions,
~Shravan Namdev

33. PREPARATION OF 50 MILLESIMAL POTENCY
Step-I
1 part of medicinal substance + 300 parts of sugarof milk (in the usual manner of Trituration) +
triturated for 3 hrs
= 3C potency in the regular fashion (Drug strength=1/100,00, 00)
Step-II:
1 part of 3C + 500 drops of liquid vehicle (100 parts of pure alchohol+400 parts of distilled water) =
Mother tincture of 50 millesimal potency
4Drug strength= 1/5 x 100, 00, 00, 00
~Shravan Namdev

34. Step - lll
One drop of the mother tincture of 50 millesimal potency + 100 drops of alcohol +
100 strong succussions= 0/1 potency. (Drug strength= 1/5 × 1,00,00,00,00,00)
Step-IV
Only one globule of the 0/1 potency+ one drop of water to dissolve + 100 drops of
alcohol + 100 strong succussions= 0/2 potency.
Step-V
The above said procedure is repeated to get next higher potency
~Shravan Namdev

35. Trituration
• It is a mechanical process of potentisation
• of minerals, inorganic substances, etc.
• which are insoluble in liquid vehicles, by grinding them with suitable solid
vehicles. Sugar of milk is the vehicle commonly used.
• Drug substances includedin Class VII, VIII and IX are triturated
• to certain attenuations to make them soluble, in alcohol.
• Hahnemann originally described this process of preparing medicine in his Chronic
Diseases, Volume I, page 183.
~Shravan Namdev

36. Conditions Required for Trituration
1. The room must be clean, of moderat temperature and dust-proof, for
carrying out the process of trituration.
2. Utensils should be perfectly clean and odorless.
3. Surfaces of mortar and pestle must be unglazed or made rough by
rubbing them with moist clean white sand.
4. The mortar and pestle after being properly cleaned in the usual way,
should be washed
with alcohol and should be dried thoroughly.
5. After each trituration has been completed, all the utensils must be
properly cleaned and dried for the next one. ~Shravan Namdev

37. ~Shravan Namdev

38. Process:
• The entire process of trituration is done in 3 main stages;and the total quantity of 9 parts milk
sugar is divided in 3 equal parts, i.e., 3 parts of milk sugar is used separately in the following 3
stages:
• FirstStage:
• 1 part crude drug and 3 parts milk sugar is taken in a requisite mortar and properly mixed with a
spatula. Then the mixture is steadily and thoroughly rubbed or triturated for 6 minutes in a
uniform circular movement, either clockwise or anti-clockwise. Next cleanly scrape the particles
adhering to the inner walls of the mortar and the pestle for 3 minutes. Next, mix or stir the whole
triturated mass for 1 minute.
• Thus, the total time required for rubbing or triturating followed by scrapping and then mixing
followed by stirring would be 6+3 +1 = 10 minutes.
• The same process for triturating for 6 minutes, scraping for 3 minutes and stirring for 1 minute is
to be repeated again.
• Thus the first stage of trituration will be completed in (10+10)= 20 minutes.
~Shravan Namdev

39. • Second Stage:
• In this stage 3 parts by weight of milk sugar, is added to the above triturated mixture.
• The same processes as are carried in the first stage, are repeated in this case. So, in another 20
minutes the second stage of trituration will be completed.
• Third Stage: Similarly this third stageis also completed in 20 minutes, as in the 2nd stage.
• Thus in (20+20+20)= 60 minutes times the whole process of a trituration will be completed.
• Next the triturated material should be stored in a clean phial, with the name and potency of the
medicine pasted on it, e.g., Natrium mur. 1x or Silicea 1x etc.
• For making 2x trituration, 1 part by weight of the 1x trituration would be triturated with 9 parts
by weight of milk sugar as above, time taken altogether 60 minutes. All the following potencies
are prepared by taking one part of the preceding potency with 9 parts of milk sugar.
~Shravan Namdev

40. Conversion of Trituration into Liquid
Potencies (H.P.I.)
• Drug substances that are insoluble in water and alcohol in their crude state become soluble after
certain degree of attenuation.
• Dissolve one part by weight of the 6x trituration in fifty parts by volume of purified water, to
which fifty parts by volume of dispensing alcohol is added. Give ten succussions to this liquid
mixture.
• 7x liquid potency from 6x trituration is not possible.
• The first potency prepared from 6x trituration is 8x (4c). This is so because the ratio of trituration
to water-alcohol solution is 1:100. Subsequent potencies maybe prepared either in
• 3c trituration is converted to 4c liquid potency
~Shravan Namdev

41. ~Shravan Namdev

42. SUCCUSSION
• It is a mechanical process of potentisation of drug substances soluble in liquid vehicles by
employing powerful downward strokes.
• Succussion may be in water or alcohol or a mixture of both. However, the mostcommonly used
vehicle is alcohol (as in Class I, II, III, IV and VI of Hahnemann’s method).
• For drug substances insoluble in alcohol, purified water is the preferred vehicle. In such drugs
too, after certain degree of attenuation, it becomes soluble in alcohol and further attenuations
are made in alcohol.
~Shravan Namdev

43. Process :-
• For succession it has now been accepted tha ten strokes of equal velocity with measured strength
are necessary.
• The A.H.P. and G.H.P. also advocate ten strokes.
• 1 part by volume of drug substance or previous potency is mixed with 9 or 99 parts (depending on
the scale employed) by volume of liquid vehicle in a phial filling 2/3rd of it. It is then corked
tightly. 10 downward strokes of uniform strengthare given to the phial held in a hand againsta
hard but elastic body or againstthe other hand. To maintain uniformity of strength, some authors
have suggested that the phial mustbe raised to the level of the shoulder before every stroke.
Each stroke should end in a jerk.
~Shravan Namdev

44. ~Shravan Namdev

45. § 271 - Physician To prepare his own medicine
• If the physician prepares his homoeopathic medicines himself, as he
shoud reasonably do in order to save men from sickness, he may use
the fresh Plant itself, as but little of the crude article is required, if he
does not need the express: juice perhaps for purposes of healing. He
takes a few grains in a mortar and with 100 grains sugar of milk three
distinct times brings them to the one-millionth trituration (§ 270)
before further potentizing of a small portion of this by means of
shaking is undertaken the procedure is to be observed also with the
rest of crude drug of either dry or oily nature.
~Shravan Namdev

46. § 272 - Administration of Remedy - Single Remedy
• Such a globule, placed dry upon the tongue, is one of the smallestd for a moderate recent case of
illness. Here but few nerves are touched by it: medicine. A similar globule, crushed with some
sugar of milk and disudes in a good deal of water (§247) and stirred well before every
administrazion will produce a far more powerful medicine for the use of several days. Every dose,
no matter how minute, touches, on the contrary, manynerves.
• These globules (§ 270) retuin their medicinul virtue for Many years, if Es (§ 270) Retuin
Thprotected from sun light and heat.
~Shravan Namdev

47. • Ore such globule, placed dry on the tongue is one of the smallest dose, one can think of for any
moderately severe recent case of illness (acute disease). With its ingestion, only a few nerve
endinga are touched or stimulated by the medicine.
• However, if the similar globule is crushed into some sugar of milk and then
• dissolved in a large amount of water, as explained in aphorism § 247, and stirre
vell before every administration, it will produce a far more powerful medicinal
effect or for several days.
• Each dose of it, however small it may be, immediately touches nerve endings or
stimulates several nerve endings
~Shravan Namdev

48. § 272 FootNote
• Some homoeopathists have made the experiment, in cases where
they deemed one remedy homoeopathically suitable for one portion
of the symp- toms of a case of disease, and a second for another
portion, of administer- ing both remedies at the same or almost at
the same time; but I earnestly deprecate such a hazardous
experiment, which can never be necessary, though it may sometimes
seem to be of use.
• These globules retain their medicinal virtue for many years, if
protected against sunlight and heat.
~Shravan Namdev

49. ~Shravan Namdev

50. ~Shravan Namdev

51. Sources :-
• Organon of Medicine R E Dudgeon
• Organon of medicine Nagendra Babu
• Organon of Medicine M P Aarya
• Pharmacy - Mandal & Mandal
• Pharmacy -D.D.Banarge

52. THANK YOU
~Shravan Namdev