1. ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINES
“UNANI, AROMATHERAPY, SIDDHA AND
HOMEOPATHY ”
GUIDED BY: PRESENTED BY
Prof. A. U. Tatiya Ms. Namita R. Jadhav
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY
R. C. Patel college of Pharmacy,
Shirpur
3. INTRODUCTION
Developed by Arabian civilization
This system finds its origin in the concept of
Greek philosopher, Hippocrates which flourished
in 460 BC. Aristotle , Dioscoride and Gallen
continue and enriched it further
4. THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPT
Unani system of medicine is based on two theories.
1.Hippocratic theory of four humors are-
-Blood
-phlegm
-yellow bile
-black bile
2.Pythagorian theory of four proximate qualities.
-Hot (earth)
-Cold (water)
-Moist (fire)
-Dry (air)
5. DIAGNOSIS
By pulse .
By examination of sputum ,urine and stool.
Patient psychology ,age habits, family history
and working condition.
TREATMENT
The treatment can be basically divided in two
parts.
1. To remove the cause of the ailment.
2. The strengthening of natural defence and also
prevention of relapse.
7. SHARBAT
Sharbat is a soft drink or liquor that incorporates
white sugar, misry, honey, gur which is
dissolved in water.
Sharbat is implied to a conc. liquor which is
made from decoction or fruit juices by the
addition of sugar to yield a qiwam.
9. Definition
Sufufat are the fine powder forms of medicinal
preparations made of plant ,animal and mineral
origin drugs.
Properties.
1. Sufufat are the finest forms of powdered
drugs.
2. Fineness or coarseness of powders is judged
by putting it between fingers.
SUFUFAT
10. SUFUFAT BARQ
Ingredients.
Piper longum -25gms
Dried Ginger -25gms
Roasted sodium borate -100gms
Piper nigrum -25gms
Black salt -100gms
Ammonium chloride -100gms
Ferula asafoetida -3gms
Dose - 1gm after meals twice daily.
Use - 1. Appetizing.
2. Carminative and digestive.
3. Antiflatulant.
11. LAOOQ
Definition.
Laooq means a linctus or a tincture.
Laooq-massehi.
Ingredients
Eleattaria cardamomum -10gm
Bambusa arundinacea -80gm
Piper longum -10gm
Cinnmomum zelanicum -5gm
Tinospora cordifolia -10gm
White sugar syrup -300g
Dose - 5gm of dose to be taken thrice a time.
Use - Dry cough
. Tuberculosis .
12. MAZOONS
Definition-
Mazoons are the semisolids which have been prepared
from the qiwam of white sugar or honey.
Mazoon ispand soakhtani
Ingredient:-
Peganum harmala -50gm
Myristica fragrans arillus -50gm
Myristica fragrans fruit -50gm
Cinnamomum officinalis -50gm
Myrtus carophyllus -50gm
Peeled sesamum indicum seed -80gm
White sugar syrup -1kgm
Dose- 5-10gm in the morning before breakfast with
250ml of milk.
Use- Aphrodisiac.
13. JAVARISH
Definition-Javarish is the adjunctive of gawarish means
pleasant tasting.
Javarish-Amala-Sada.
Ingredients-
Elettaria cardamom -40gm
Dried Emblica officinalis -450gm
valeriana officinalis -40gm
sawdust of santalum album -90gm
rosa damascena -40gm
white sugar syup -5kgm
sodium benzoate -5kgm
Dose - 5-10gm in the morning with water.
Use - 1.stomachic
2.cardiac tonic
3.Appetising
4.Refrigerant
15. AROMATHERAPY
Contents
Introduction.
Origin of Aromatherapy.
Modern Advantage.
How dose aroma oil work?
How to use aroma oils?
How aroma oils are made?
General guidelines
Carrier oils
Specific feature of aroma oils.
Aroma oils for common problems.
Aromatic products.
16. INTRODUCTION
Aromatherapy means treatment using scents.
It refers to use of essential oils in Holistic
healing to improve health, emotional well being
and in restoring balance to body.
Aromatherapy can reduce stress improve sleep
and give more energy.
Essential oils are aromatic essences extracted
from plant.
From chemist point of view essential oils are
mixture of the organic compounds.
17. ORIGIN OF AROMATHERAPY
The oldest use of aroma oil is known to be old as
6000years back.
In 4500 B.C. Egyptians used myrrh and cedar wood oil
for embalming their dead .
Hippocrates, the Greek father of medicine, used plant
aroma chemicals for scented massage, aromatic baths
and for healing wounds.
In 1665,peoples of London burn bundles of lavender
cedar wood oil in streets to combat infectious diseases.
In early 20th century aromatherapy is accepted .
In 1930 Gattefosse, a French chemist dipped his burned
hands in lavender oil.
18. MODERN ADVANTAGE
In19th century ,two important chances occurred in the
western world of fragrances.
The 1867 paris International exhibition perfumes and
sops apart from the pharmacy scetion,thus establishing
an independent commercial aerea for ‘cosmetic’ Even
more significant was the product of the first synthetic
fragrance covmarin(which smells of new-nownhay).
The terms “aromatherpy” was coined in 1928 by French
chemisty Rene Maurice Gattefosse.
An army surgeon in world war second or Valnet used
essential oils such as thyme clove,lemon and
chamomime on wound and burns.
19. How does aroma oil work?
Dr.Alan Huch,a neurologist, psychiatrist and also
the director of smell and taste research center in
Chicago says .smell act directly on brain like a
drug ,our nose has capacity to distinguish 1lakh
different smells.
Aroma oils works like magic for stress related
problems, skin infections, hair loss,
inflammation, pain arising from muscular or
skeletal disorder.
20. How to use aroma oils?
Essentials oils can be used in
variety of ways as follows-
a. Inhalation.
b. Massages.
c. Baths.
d. Bedtimes.
e. Compress.
f. Oral intake.
g. Beauty treatment.
h. Room sprays.
i. Insect repellents
j. Miscellaneous users.
21. How aroma oils are made?
1. Distillation
a. water distillation.
b. Water and steam distillation.
c. Direct distillation.
2. Cold pressing or expression.
3. Adsorption on purified fat (enflurage).
4. carbon dioxide extraction OR supercritical fluid
extraction (SCFE).
5. Solvent extraction.
22. 1. Distillation.
A.Water distillation :In this method plant material is
maintained continuously in contact with water so as to
prevent the overheating the plant material .The method
is more suitable for volatile oil which is thermostable e.g.
terpentine oil
b.Water and steam distillation: This method is used
for dried and fresh material that would get damaged by
boiling.In this method they are supported on perforted
aid and steam is passed through them like cinnamon and
clove.
C. Direct distillation: This metod is used for distilltion
of fresh material having a high boiling point. Steam is
from boiler is allowed to enter from top of the plant
material kept in the perforated vessel. Steam is allowed
to diffose through the material. It is applicable for fresh
plant material like peppermint.
23. 2.Cold pressing or expression.
It is mainly used for citrus oils like lemon and
orange.
The fruit is rolled over sharp projections that
puncture the oil glands.
The fruit is then pressed to remove oil and then
washed off with fine spray of water.
Rotating the mixture at very high speed
seperates the oil and water.
The fruit can also first be seperated from the
pets and cold pressed like bergamot.
24. 3. Adsorption on purified
fat(enflurage).
This method is used for extraction of volatile from
flowers.
In this method is warmed and uniformely spread on
glass plates.
This fat surface is covered with the petals of flower from
which volatile oil is to be extracted.
Then the old petals are replaced by fresh one at the end
when fat is saturated with oil, then petals are removed
from its surface and fats digested with ethanol.
25. 4. Carbon dioxide extraction OR
supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE)
Liquid carbon dioxide is used as a solvent to extract
essential oils liquified under pressure,it acts as solvent
reversing back to gaseous nature when pressure is
reduced leaving no trance of solvent.
It is two step processes-
a. In first step carbon dioxide gas above its critical
temp.(31oC) and Critical pressure(73.8bar),converted
into supercritical carbon dioxide with pressure 100-350 is
introduced the vessel containing powdered material is to
be extracted.
b. In second step Carbon dioxide laden with volatile oil
exract is sent the seperator where it is seperated and
cooled.
26. 5. Solvent extraction.
Volatile solvents like petroleum ether, benzene
or hexane are mixed into petals, till the essential
oil is completely dissolved.
Filtration is followed by reduced pressure and
evaporation of solvent to give concrete product
which contains insoluble vegetation wax or
pigments.
On continuuing the process with solvents and
freezing it finally separates the waxes and given
final product which is called absolute.
27. GENERAL GUIDELINES
Don’t use undiluted essential oils on the skin.
Use only pure essential oils from plants.
Test for sensitivities.
Use this caution essential oils that are results in
photosensitivity.
Use with caution those essential oils that are results in
photosensitivity.
Use with caution those essential oils orally for
therapeutic purpose.
Use essential oils cautiously with those who are clearly
convalescing or have serious health problems such as
asthma ,epilepsy or heart disease.
28. CARRIER OILS (BASE OILS)
They are vegetable ,nut or seed oil.
Vegetable oils are extracted from the seeds of
plants.
Vegetable oils contain a good amount of
proteins, nutrients and energy.
Essentials oils are highly concentrated and
hence diluted with a base or carrier oil.
29. Diseases Oils used
Analgesics Rosemary, lavender
Antidepressant Lavender, Sandalwood
Anti-inflammatory Lavender, Bergamot
Antiseptic Lavender, eucalyptus
Antiviral Tea tree, Lavender
Astringent Cedarwood,Rose
Bactericides Lavender, Eucalyptus,
Deodorant Eucalyptus, Lavender
Detoxifying Fennel, Rose
Expectorant Eucalyptus, Sandalwood
Fungicide Lavender
Hypnotic Lavender, neroli
Immunostimulant Lavender, Tea tree
Nervine Lavender, Rosemary
Specific features of aroma oils-
33. SIDDHA SYSTEM
Contents.
Introduction.
Theory and basic concept.
Diagnosis.
Treatment.
Conclusion.
34. INTRODUCTION
Siddha is believed to be developed with the ancient
civilization of mohenzo-daro and harappa in the Indus
river valley,6000-7000 years ago.
The eighteen sidhas or sittars are mention in Tamil
tradition.
Bogar,a Taoist chiese,who settled down on the pazhani
hills in Tamilnadu is known for his extensive work on
alchemy and medicine.
35. THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPT
Siddha system of medicine is based on principles of the
body i.e. vata, pitta, kapha which are known as Triguna.
VATA
Symptoms
- stout, black, cold ,and inactive personalities.
- Its increase develops flatulence ,acidity,
dysentery, obesity.
- Arrogant behavior, partial paralysis, heart
attacks ,neck and chest pain and body smell.
36. PITTA
Symptoms.
- wheatish complexioned.
- Increased pitta shows early graying of hairs and
more sexual desire.
- Burning chest , anemia, mental derangement.
KAPHA
Symptoms.
-Build body and protect it from destruction.
-Increased it causes disease like jaundice ,heart attack,
anemia.
.
38. TREATMENT
Various Siddha forms of drugs.
Groups Examples.
kashyam Infants, Jaundice, piles.
Churnam Ashwagandha.
Leyam Amla ,Ginger.
Tailam Neem, Nutmeg.
Bhasmam Tortoise shell, Egg shell.
Tablet Kasturi tablet, saffron tablet.
39. IMPORTANT SIDDHA DRUGS AND
THEIR USES
Name Medicinal use
Allium sativum - Digestive, Anthalmintic
Andrographics
Peniculata - stomachic, antimalerial
Centella asiatica - Nervine tonic.
Curcuma longa - Appetizer, carminative
Datura metel - Immunostimulant.
saraca indica - Uterine tonic, antidirrhoeal
Withania somnifera - Aphrodisic, apptizer
40. CONCLUSION
Siddha system is one of the most ancient
recorded herbal system of medicine, dating back
to pre- ayurvedic period. It seems that basic
principle of Triguna, i.e., vata pitta and kapha,
might in course of time be borrowed by
ayurveda .
Siddha have successfully used the metals
,non metals, mercury and arsenic like poisons,
bones, shells, animal secretions .
43. INTRODUCTION
The term homeopathic is made up of two words ,Homeo
meaning similar and Pathos meaning suffering.
Homeopathic system of medicine was developed by
Dr.Samule Christian Priedrich Hahneman(1790-1810),an
eminent physician and chemist of Germany. He
itroduced his new principle, similia similibus curantur.
In the year 1790,Dr.Hahneman checked the effect of
antimalerial drug cinchona on his healthy body.
In1796,his discovery in An Essay on a new principle of
ascertaining the curative powers of drugs and some
examinations of previous principles.
44. THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS
The doctrine of similia similibus curantur.Lets
like be treated by like ,is the basic foundation of
the Homeopathic medicion.
It is a system of treating the ailment by
administration of drug which has the capacity to
produce diseased state in healthy individuals.
This is known as proving of medicine.
Homeopathy is based on seven principles, i.e.,
individualisation, principles of similia, principle of
simplex, principle of minimum dose, law of
proving, Law of Dynamisation and vital force.
45. DIAGNOSIS
Case history- symptoms picture of patient.
Major symptoms-Location, sensation,
modality and concomitant is investigated.
Patients mood and behavior, likes and
dislikes, responses to stress conditions,
reactions to food and personality.
46. TREATMENT
Practitioner identified the single medicine which
corresponds to a patient general symptoms picture.
Practitioner treat chronic conditions such as rheumatism,
asthma, migraine, fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome,
dysmenorrhoea, upper respiratory and urinary track
infection and psychological disorders.
Homeopathic medicine:- Three essential process involved
in the preparation of remedies.
Serial dilution
Succession
Trituration
Preparation of Homeopathic potencies of liquid drugs three
major scales are used:-
• Decimal
• Centisimal
• Millisimal
47. SOURCES OF HOMEOPATHIC
MEDICINES
Plant kingdom Various morphological parts
of the plants, fungi etc.
Animal kingdom Secretion, saliva, poisons
and whole animals etc.
Minerals and chemicals Inorganic salts, nonmetals,
acids & mixtures etc.
Sarcodes Protoplasm of animals,
hormonal secretions etc.
Nasodes Products of causative
agents, diseased tissues,
bacterial & viral products
etc.
49. CONCLUSION
It is based on the similarity of symptoms
produced by the disease & the symptoms
produced by the particular drug in healthy
individual which leads to its successful
application in the treatment of disease.
The concept is based on the law of similar,
which means that like sufferings be treated by
the like medicine.
51. REFERECES
Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India 2001,Ministry of
health and family welfare, Government of india,1(1),
235-253.
Bruneton, J.; Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
medicinal plants. 1999. lavoisier, Delhi, 510.
Kokate.C.K.;Purohit.A.P.;Gokhale.S.B.;
2004,Pharmagognosy and phytochemistry, Nirali
prakashan, pune,
Kulkarni, P. H.; 2000, Ayurveda Philosophy,Shri Satguru
publication, Delhi, 2, 19-32.
52. REFERECES
Panda, H.; 2004. Hand book on ayurvedic medicines.
National institute of industrial research. Delhi. 39-343.
Rangari,V. D.; 2004. Pharmagognosy And
Phytochemisty. Carrier publication. Nashik. 1 .9-45.
The Ayurveda encyclopedia by Swami Sadashiva Tirth,
1-20.
The Magic of Aromatherapy, 1998, Poostak mahal,
liewellyn, 1, 1-10.
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