CONTRIBUTION OF SAMUEL HAHNEMANN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF.pdf

ADVANCE TEACHING AND FUNDAMENTALS
CONTRIBUTION OF SAMUEL HAHNEMANN
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOMOEOPATHY
AS A MEDICAL SCIENCE
DR. NIRANJAN BAPAT
MD PART – I
DEPARTMENT OF ORGANON
26-04-2022 1
“The physician’s highest calling, his only
calling, is to make sick people healthy –
to heal, as it is termed.”

OBJECTIVES
▪To know the contribution of Samuel Hahnemann in the field of Homoeopathy
▪To discuss his major literary works
26-04-2022 2

FOUNDER OF HOMOEOPATHY
▪Coined by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann
▪Based on Law of Similars
▪Discovered the system based on universally known
Law of Nature – Similia Similibus Curantur (Like cures
Like)
▪Hippocrates first identified this law as the only
curative law
▪Hahnemann applied this law practically – Drug
Proving
▪Modified the axiom to Similia Similibus Curenter – Let
Likes be cured by the Likes
26-04-2022 3

FUNDAMENTAL/CARDINAL
PRINCIPLES
▪Every science we know is governed by certain
laws or principles
▪Homoeopathy also is made up of certain laws,
rules & methods based on scientific experiments
▪Hahnemann incorporated these laws in the
Organon of Medicine
▪These laws form the base of Homoeopathy
26-04-2022 4
HOMOEOPATHY
THE CONCRETE STRUCTURE OF HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM
RESTS UPON THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX
LAW
OF
MINIMUM
DOSE
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
PROVING
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
DYNAMIZATION
THEORY
OF
CHRONIC
DISEASES
THEORY
OF
VITAL
FORCE
DOCTRINE
OF
INDIVIDUALISATION
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX
LAW
OF
MINIMUM
DOSE
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
PROVING
LAW
OF
MINIMUM
DOSE
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
DYNAMIZATION
THEORY
OF
CHRONIC
DISEASES
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
PROVING
LAW
OF
MINIMUM
DOSE
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX
THEORY
OF
VITAL
FORCE
DOCTRINE
OF
INDIVIDUALISATION
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
DYNAMIZATION
THEORY
OF
CHRONIC
DISEASES
DOCTRINE
OF
DRUG
PROVING
LAW
OF
MINIMUM
DOSE
HOMOEOPATHY
LAW
OF
SIMILIA
LAW
OF
SIMPLEX

LAW OF SIMILIA | LIKE CURES LIKE
▪Who first recognised it?
▪Hippocrates identified it as the only curative law
▪But Hahnemann brought this law to the level of universal
application
▪It existed in the form of Nature’s Law – Similia Similibus
Curantur – Likes cure Likes
▪But as Natures law was not safe to be applied as it is – he
modified it to Similia Similibus Curentur – Let likes be cured by
Likes – made it mild and therapeutic
▪Hahnemann explains this law in the 26th Aphorism of
Organon of Medicine
26-04-2022 5
Aphorism 26
“A weaker
dynamic affection
is PERMANENTLY
EXTINGUISHED in
the living organism
by a stronger one,
if the latter (whilst
differing in kind) is
VERY SIMILAR to
the former in its
manifestations.”

LAW OF SIMPLEX | SINGLE &
SIMPLE REMEDY
▪Hahnemann was disappointed with physicians administrating
medicines in combinations – they did not cure but worsen or
complicate
▪As a chemist, he claimed when combined, the resulting product
would have an altogether different effect than the expected
therapeutic effect
▪ E.g. MEDICINE A (therapeutic) + MEDICINE B (therapeutic) = POISON
▪He explains this law in the 247th Aphorism of Organon of
Medicine
26-04-2022 6
Aphorism 247
In no case under
treatment is it
necessary
and THEREFORE
NOT
PERMISSIBLE to
administer to a
patient more
than ONE SINGLE,
SIMPLE
MEDICINAL subst
ance at one time.

LAW OF SIMPLEX | SINGLE &
SIMPLE REMEDY
But why single remedy?
▪If the medicine is the correct one, it will never require to be combined with another
▪We cannot know the effects of combining 2 medicines on the deranged sick person
as it may alter each others action
▪Administrating 2 remedies renders confusion as to which remedy worked if the
result was therapeutic
▪In worst cases, 2 medicines can antidote each other or create a new drug substance
26-04-2022 7

LAW OF MINIMUM | LEAST
POSSIBLE DOSE
▪Hahnemann in his initial years, used large quantities of medicines
▪Eventually his experience in clinical practice taught him that
smaller doses were more curative in nature
▪Quantity of action necessary to effect any change in nature is
least possible
▪ Eg. A small spark can ignite the whole forest, a small doubt can affect
relationships
▪He explained this law in the 275th Aphorism of Organon of
Medicine
26-04-2022 8
Aphorism 275
The suitableness of a
medicine for any
given case of
disease does not
depend on its
accurate
homeopathic
selection alone, but
likewise on the
proper size, or
rather smallness, of
the dose.

LAW OF MINIMUM | LEAST
POSSIBLE DOSE
But why minimum dose?
▪No medicinal aggravation
▪Minute dose has the power to stimulate uncommon, peculiar
symptoms as observed by Hahnemann in drug proving
▪Small dose prevents organic damage
▪This concept of minimum dose led to the invention of potentization
26-04-2022 9
Aphorism 276
Too large doses of
an accurately chosen
homeopathic
medicine, and
especially when
frequently repeated,
bring about much
trouble as a rule.
They put the patient
not seldom in
danger of life or
make his disease
almost incurable.

DOCTRINE OF DRUG PROVING |
105 - 145
▪During Hahnemann’s time, administration of drugs was
unscientific
▪Insisted to administer only those medicines whose curative
effects were known
▪Have to be proven on healthy human beings
▪Hahnemann was the first person to practically prove the
medicines on healthy humans
26-04-2022 10
LETTER TO A FRIEND
“I have been putting drugs
of which I know little into
the bodies of which I know
less; so I can renounce the
practice of medicine that I
may no longer incur the risk
of doing injury.”

CRITERIA OF DRUG PROVING |
121-127
▪121: the subjects of experiment should be persons free from disease, and who are
delicate, irritable and sensitive
▪122: no other medicines should be employed except such as are perfectly well
known, and of whose purity, genuineness and energy we are thoroughly assured
▪123: Each of these medicines must be taken in a perfectly simple, unadulterated
form
▪ Indigenous plants in the form of juice mixed with alcohol
▪ Exotic plants in the form of powder
▪ Salts and gums dissolved in water
▪ Dry plants – infused with boiling water then consumed warm
▪124: Only a single substance without any adultration
▪127: Medicine must be tested on both sexes to reveal symptoms in sexual sphere
26-04-2022 11

DOCTRINE OF DRUG
DYNAMISATION | 264-271
First introduced in the 5th Edition of Organon in 1833
Dynamization is a process by which the medicinal or curative properties of the
crude substances which are latent in their crude state become awakened are
brought out which are otherwise latent
Hahnemann introduced two processes of dynamization
Succussion – soluble substances
Trituration - insoluble
26-04-2022 12

METHOD OF SUCCUSION &
TRITURATION | 270
Succussion
▪Succussion is a process of potentization, by which preparation of
medicine takes place by the use of a liquid vehicle like alcohol or
water, by shaking in definite method according to Pharmacopoeia.
▪Liquids are progressively diluted (with water, or alcohol)
▪Shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body or on extended palm
▪Should be done by raising the hand above the shoulder, and powerfully
striking downwards, letting each stroke terminating in a jerk, by striking
the closed right hand (in which medicines to be succussed in a
strong ,round clean neutral glass bottle) against open palm of the left hand.
▪This is repeated 10 times for decimal and centesimal scale but 100
stroke for 50 Millesimal.
26-04-2022 13

METHOD OF SUCCUSION &
TRITURATION | 270-271
Trituration
Trituration is a process of potentisation, by which preparation of medicine takes place
by the use of a solid vehicle like sugar of milk, by grinding in definite order according
to Pharmacopoeia in a mortar by a pestle
26-04-2022 14

THEORY OF VITAL FORCE | 9-12
What is it? | 9
▪Life-preserving energy which govern every part,
organ and living atom of the man
▪Responsible for harmonious functioning of all parts
of the living organism
▪Without which the organism will have no sensation,
no function, no self preservation
▪It animates the organism into living
26-04-2022 15
Aphorism 9
In the healthy condition of man,
the spiritual vital force
(autocracy), the dynamis that
animates the material body
(organism), rules with
unbounded sway, and retains
all the parts of the organism in
admirable, harmonious, vital
operation, as regards both
sensations and functions, so that
our indwelling, reason-gifted
mind can freely employ this
living, healthy instrument for the
higher purpose of our
existence.

Characteristics | 10
▪Dynamic
▪Automatic
▪Autocratic
▪Unintelligent
▪Spiritual
26-04-2022 16

▪Role of Vital Force in Health| 9
▪ Maintains harmony in the body
▪ Self-preservation
▪ Facilitates function
▪ Higher purpose of existence
▪Role of Vital Force in Disease | 11
▪ Manifests signs & symptoms
26-04-2022 17

THEORY OF CHRONIC DISEASES |
▪Introduced in the 4th Edition of Organon of Medicine
▪He says, Miasms were the fundamental cause of the disease and he classified them
into
▪ Psora, Syphilis & Sycosis
▪Miasm is an obnoxious disease producing agent – dynamic and inimical to life
▪Psora the most fundamental, destructive and oldest miasm – mother of all miasms
▪Chronic miasm was the cause of Chronic Disease
▪Psora – cause of 95% of diseases
26-04-2022 18

THEORY OF CHRONIC DISEASES |
How did he arrive at this theory?
▪In his initial days of practice, observed in spite of administrating best similimum,
some cases didn’t cure – recurrence
▪He thought – flaw in law of similia, inadequate drugs or obstacles to cure
▪For 12 years he was in great helpless and pain as to know the real cause
▪After a long period of investigation and logical reasoning, arrived at this theory
▪He explained this theory in the famous book The Chronic Diseases
26-04-2022 19

CONCEPT OF INDIVIDUALIZATION
▪Greek derivative of Individuous – non divisible
▪Individualization is a process by which one person is
differentiate from the other by some particular features
▪Hahnemann was the first to use this concept
▪ No 2 persons are alike – in health or disease
▪ Different constitution, social condition, genetic background, food,
habits, susceptibility
▪ Twins suffering from same disease show difference in symptoms or
modalities
26-04-2022 20
PATIENT MEDICINE
ABNORMAL,
PECULIAR &
UNCOMMON
SYMPTOMS
MOST SIMILAR
MEDICINE IN
MATERIA
MEDICA

CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES
▪Indisposition
▪Surgical
▪Dynamic
26-04-2022 21

INDISPOSITION
▪Slight deviation in the state of health manifested by one or more trivial symptoms
observed for a short period of time
▪Undeveloped disease
▪Can be corrected by diet and regimen
26-04-2022 22

SURGICAL DISEASES
▪Conditions like fractures, extensive tissue damage
▪Cause is mechanical and not dynamic
▪Internal medicines will not cure
▪Can be treated only by surgery or mechanical correction
26-04-2022 23

DYNAMIC DISEASES
26-04-2022 24
Acute
Disease
Individual
Disease attacks
individually
due to some
exciting cause
Sporadic
Disease attacks
several people
at the same
time
Epidemic
Disease affects
many people
with similar
suffering due
to a same
cause
Chronic
Pseudo-
chronic
Prolonged
exposure to
avoidable
maintaining
causes
Artificial
chronic
Prolonged
allopathic
treatment with
heroic doses
True
Miasmatic
Result of latent
miasm which is
inherited
through
generations

TRUE MIASMATIC DISEASE
▪Simple miasmatic
▪ Psora
▪ Syphilis
▪ Sycosis
▪Complex miasmatic
▪ Psora-syphilis
▪ Psora-sycosis
▪ Syphilis-sycosis
▪ Psora-syphilis-sycosis
26-04-2022 25

LITERARY CONTRIBUTIONS OF SAMUEL
HAHNEMANN
DR. NIRANJAN BAPAT
MD PART – I
DEPARTMENT OF ORGANON
26-04-2022 26
“The physician’s highest calling, his only
calling, is to make sick people healthy –
to heal, as it is termed.”

FRAGMENTA DE VIRIBUS MEDICA
MENTORUM POSITIVES, 1805
Full Title:
“Fragmenta de viribus medicamentorum positivis sive in sano corpore
humano observatis”
▪Parts:
▪ Pars prima – Materia Medica
▪ Pars secunda - Repertory
▪Data:
▪ Symptoms of all the remedies that Hahnemann proved on himself and fellow
provers.
26-04-2022 27

Number of Drugs: 27
Vegetable Kingdom: 24
Animal Kingdom: 01
Minerals: 02
Out of 27 drugs, 22 were incorporated in the “Reine Arzneimittellehre”
26-04-2022 28

Background:-
▪Post discovery of the healing principle in 1796…
▪Collected the information published between 1796-98 and prepared a fairly
usable Materia Medica.
▪Started the trial on himself to prove several drugs on the healthy human beings.
▪Belladonna, Camphora and Aconitum on himself, and on his family members.
▪Resulted in publication of this book.
26-04-2022 29

MATERIA MEDICA PURA, 1811
Volumes:-
6 Volumes were published from 1811-1821
Data:-
▪Record of the symptoms obtained from different medical
substances proven upon the healthy body by Hahnemann and
his disciples.
▪Detailed symptom-index
▪Instructions on the preparation of medicines for
Homoeopathic use
▪Chief disease symptoms in which the medicine is to be used
26-04-2022 30

THE CHRONIC DISEASES, THEIR NATURE
AND HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT, 1828
26-04-2022 31
▪LAST MEDICAL WORK OF FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE
▪1st Edition was issued in 4 Volumes (1828 – 1830)
1st EDITION Data
I ▪ General theoretical principles of the
new theory of chronic diseases
II, III, IV ▪ Detailed presentation of most
important antipsoric remedies
▪ 22 drugs (17 New drugs & 15 from
MM Pura)

▪2nd Edition was issued in 5 volumes (1835 – 1839)
26-04-2022 32
2nd EDITION (1835 – 1839) Year
I and II 1835
III 1837
IV 1838
V 1839
47 drugs

ORGANON OF MEDICINE
▪Tool to help physicians to acquire the knowledge of Homoeopathic system of
medicine to treat the patient holistically and rationally
▪Richard Hughes calls it, “An instrument for effecting in best manner a certain
end.”
▪Contained set of rules established by him for guidance of the therapeutic and
practical methods of treatment
▪Total 5 editions published during Dr. Hahnemann’s life time
▪6th edition was published after his death
26-04-2022 33

FIRST EDITION, 1810
▪Number of Aphorism: 259
▪Title: Organon of Rational Art of Healing
▪Title Page: Small poem “The truth we mortals need…” written by Gellert
▪Concepts Introduced: Similimum, Similia similibis curenter, word “Homoeopathy”
and Drug Proving
26-04-2022 34

CHANGES IN FURTHER EDITIONS
SECOND EDITION (1819)
▪ Number of Aphorism: 318(315)
▪ Title: Organon of Healing Art
▪ Title Page: Gellert’s poem was replaced with Horace’s Aude Sapere
THIRD EDITION (1824)
▪ Number of Aphorism: 317
FOURTH EDITION (1829)
▪ Number of Aphorisms: 291
▪ Theory of Chronic Diseases was introduced*
26-04-2022 35

CHANGES IN FURTHER EDITIONS
FIFTH EDITION (1833)
▪Number of Aphorism: 294
▪Theory of Vital Force and Doctrine of Drug Dynamization introduced
SIXTH EDITION (1921)
▪Title was changed to Organon of Medicine
▪LM Potency, Repetition with ascending potencies, Aphorism on Massage and Water bath
introduced*
▪Vital Force was changed to Vital Principle
▪Dynamic influence changed to Dynamis
26-04-2022 36

LESSER WRITINGS
▪This book contains number of valuable essays.
▪Some of the important essays include,
▪Essay on a New Curative Principle for Ascertaining curative power
of Drugs (1796)
▪Are the obstacles to certainty and simplicity in practical medicine
insurmountable? (1797)
▪Aesculapius in Balance (1805)
▪Medicine of Experience (1805)
26-04-2022 37

A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR ASCERTAINING THE CURATIVE
POWERS OF DRUGS AND SOME EXAMINATIONS OF
THE PREVIOUS PRINCIPLES, 1796
▪Essay published soon after his experiment with Cinchona Bark
▪Explains previously existing 3 ways of healing
▪ Removing original causes of the malady
▪ Healing opposites by opposites ‘contraria contrariis’ – most used
▪ Use of specifics - accidentally useful (experiments) - ideal
▪Human Drug Proving only can give knowledge of curative powers of medicine
▪Introduced the new principle - Similia Similibus Curenter
26-04-2022 38

ARE THE OBSTACLES TO THE ATTAINTMENT OF
SIMPLICITY AND CERTAINITY IN PRACTICAL
MEDICINE INSURMOUNTABLE?, 1797
Strong attack on mixtures of medicines
Advocates use of single simple remedy
Also tells not to repeat the dose until the effect of previous one is
over
Does the chief remedy, if it is a right one, need an auxiliary
remedy?
26-04-2022 39
ADVOCATES
✓ Use of single
medicine at a time
✓ Not repeat the
medicine until the
effect of previous
medicine had been
exhausted

AESCULAPIUS IN THE BALANCE,
1805
▪States about lack of progress medical field has made since
Aesculapius lived – 2000 years ago.
▪Still did find the fundamental cause of disease
▪Talks of Apothecaries and their domination in market
▪Selling of expensive combinations
▪False claims of having a powerful formula for diseases
▪Against dispensing simple medicines – greed of money
▪Hahnemann insists medicine should be prepared only by the
Physician
26-04-2022 40

MEDICINE OF EXPERIENCE, 1805
▪This was the precursor of Organon of Medicine
▪Organon or set of rules without Aphorisms but essays
▪Foundation of the new curative doctrine – Law of Similia
▪Introduces Maxims of Experience
▪First Maxim – “If two stimuli operate on the body at the same time, dissimilar to
each other, then the action of the weaker will be suspended for a time by the stronger
one”
▪Second Maxim – “If two stimuli operate on the body at the same time , very similar
to each other, the weaker will be totally annihilated by the stronger one.”
26-04-2022 41

BIBLIOGRAPHY
▪Samuel Hahnemann His Life & Work Vol. I and II by Richard Haehl
▪The Life and Letters of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann by Thomas Lindsley Bradford
▪The Organon of Medicine by Samuel Hahnemann
▪The Lesser Writings of Samuel Hahnemann
▪The Chronic Diseases by Samuel Hahnemann
▪Principles & Practice of Homoeopathy by Dr. M.L. Dhawale
26-04-2022 42

THANK YOU
26-04-2022 43

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