Homeostasis.ppsx
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Homeostasis refers to the process by which biological systems regulate internal conditions to maintain stability. For example, blood glucose levels are regulated between 80-110 mg/dL by the hormones insulin and glucagon which stimulate the conversion and storage of glucose. There are two main types of diabetes - Type I is an autoimmune disease that destroys pancreatic beta cells and requires insulin treatment, while Type II is caused by insulin resistance. Blood calcium levels are also regulated, with parathyroid hormone increasing calcium absorption when levels are low and calcitonin decreasing calcium levels and promoting bone storage when levels are high.
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represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
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Homeostasis.ppsx
- 2. Homeostasis • The property of a system, either open or closed, that regulates its internal environment so as to maintain a stable, constant condition. • Multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustment and regulation mechanisms make homeostasis possible. Source: Wikipedia
- 3. Blood Glucose – An Example • Glucose is the simple sugar known as “blood sugar” • Glucose is required for brain function – the brain cannot use any other energy source • A healthy body maintains a blood sugar level of between 80 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL (slightly higher right after meals)
- 4. The Role of Hormones When blood glucose levels are low, the hormone glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen in the liver to glucose Glucagon is a peptide hormone made of 29 amino acids. It is produced in the alpha cells of the (α-cells) of the islets of Langerhans, which are located in the pancreas.
- 5. The Role of Hormones When blood glucose levels are high, the hormone insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose to stored glycogen in the liver. Insulin is a peptide hormone made of 51 amino acids. It is produced in the beta cells of the (β-cells) of the islets of Langerhans, which are located in the pancreas.
- 8. Type I Diabetes • Autoimmune disease destroys the beta cells of the pancreas • Diabetic is dependent on exogenous insulin • There is currently no cure, though there many approaches under research • In North America, 5 – 10% of diabetics are Type I
- 9. Type II Diabetes • A metabolic disorder due to insulin resistance (the cells are insensitive to the insulin that is present) • Onset of disease can be postponed by proper nutrition and exercise • 90 – 95% of North American diabetics are Type II. • 20% of the population over age 60 are Type II
- 10. Blood Calcium: Example #2 • Ca2+ ion is essential to organisms. It is functions include: – A component of bone – Neurotransmission and muscle contraction – Fertilization – As a cofactor in processes such as blood clotting
- 11. Calcium Homeostasis When blood calcium levels are low, the hormone parathyroid hormone, produced in the parathyroid glands, promotes absorption of calcium in the intestine conservation of calcium by the kidneys release of calcium from bone tissue
- 12. Calcium Homeostasis When blood calcium levels are high, the hormone calcitonin, produced in the thyroid gland, promotes elimination of calcium by the kidneys storage of calcium in bone tissue