Holmes Adie Syndrome
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•227 views
Holmes-Adie Syndrome is a relatively common neurological disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: unilateral or bilateral tonically dilated pupils with light-near dissociation, tendon areflexia, and may be associated with hypohidrosis. It is mostly idiopathic and results from damage to the ciliary ganglion, though it can be caused by infections, ischemia, or autoimmune disorders. Diagnosis is made through history, physical exam, and pharmacologic testing. Prognosis is generally good as the syndrome does not progress over time, though complications like angle-closure glaucoma can rarely occur.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
dysarthria.pptx
This document discusses the neurological basis, etiologies, and speech characteristics of different types of dysarthria including flaccid, spastic, and ataxic dysarthria. Flaccid dysarthria results from lower motor neuron damage and is characterized by breathy and imprecise speech. Spastic dysarthria occurs due to upper motor neuron lesions and presents with harsh voice, incomplete articulation, and slow speech. Ataxic dysarthria arises from cerebellar damage and is marked by uncoordinated speech movements, slurred articulation, and irregular prosody.
Neurology: Assessing Speech
This document provides an overview of assessing speech and language. It discusses evaluating articulation, pronunciation, and the physical ability to form words. It also examines assessing the language process by which thoughts and ideas become spoken language. Specific disorders like dysarthria and dysphasia are introduced. The document outlines testing speech and language through conversation, comprehension, naming, repetition, and reading/writing. It details dysphonia, dysarthria, pseudobulbar palsy, and bulbar palsy; their causes and characteristics; and how to test for them.
non epileptiform seizures
differentials of non epileptiform seizures, with special refrence to psuedoseizures or dissociative seizures by anant kumar rathi
Genetic disease in neurology
This document discusses genetics in neurological disorders and the role of genetic counseling. It begins by introducing how neurogenetic diseases are common and devastating, robbing individuals of quality of life. The majority of neurological disorders still lack effective therapies. Genetics play an important role in many neurological disorders, including chromosomal abnormalities, Mendelian disorders caused by single gene mutations, and complex disorders involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Patterns of inheritance such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial are described. The importance of family history, clues to genetic causes, and assessing sporadic cases are outlined. The roles and aspects of genetic counseling are defined, including diagnosis, education, testing options, treatment options,
Spinocerebellar ataxia
This document provides an overview of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). It discusses the genetics, neuropathology, epidemiology, clinical features, and mechanisms of several SCA subtypes including SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA12. The main points are that SCA is a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia, with specific subtypes associated with additional symptoms depending on the mutated gene. The document reviews the genetic causes and typical features of several major SCA subtypes.
Diabetic polyneuropathy
This document discusses diabetic polyneuropathy. It begins with an agenda outlining the topics to be covered: epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
- Up to 50% of diabetics may develop symptomatic neuropathy 20 years after diagnosis. The risk increases the longer a person has diabetes.
- Neuropathic pain symptoms can include burning, tingling sensations, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. The pain is usually chronic.
- Pathogenic mechanisms include metabolic and vascular factors that damage nerve fibers over time, such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired blood flow. This can lead to endoneurial hypoxia, ATP depletion and nerve damage.
Peripheral neuropathy
Reference-Harrison text book of internal medicine -20th edition
Slides by-Dr Jayasoorya P G,Junior resident,Department of General Medicine,Azeezia medical college,Kollam,Kerala
ALS (Amytropic Lateral Sclerosis)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal neurological disease that causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. The exact causes are unknown but may include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms start with muscle weakness and progress to include slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and eventually paralysis of the diaphragm leading to respiratory failure. While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and some medications may slow disease progression. The average life expectancy is 2-5 years from diagnosis but can vary significantly.
Recommended
dysarthria.pptx
This document discusses the neurological basis, etiologies, and speech characteristics of different types of dysarthria including flaccid, spastic, and ataxic dysarthria. Flaccid dysarthria results from lower motor neuron damage and is characterized by breathy and imprecise speech. Spastic dysarthria occurs due to upper motor neuron lesions and presents with harsh voice, incomplete articulation, and slow speech. Ataxic dysarthria arises from cerebellar damage and is marked by uncoordinated speech movements, slurred articulation, and irregular prosody.
Neurology: Assessing Speech
This document provides an overview of assessing speech and language. It discusses evaluating articulation, pronunciation, and the physical ability to form words. It also examines assessing the language process by which thoughts and ideas become spoken language. Specific disorders like dysarthria and dysphasia are introduced. The document outlines testing speech and language through conversation, comprehension, naming, repetition, and reading/writing. It details dysphonia, dysarthria, pseudobulbar palsy, and bulbar palsy; their causes and characteristics; and how to test for them.
non epileptiform seizures
differentials of non epileptiform seizures, with special refrence to psuedoseizures or dissociative seizures by anant kumar rathi
Genetic disease in neurology
This document discusses genetics in neurological disorders and the role of genetic counseling. It begins by introducing how neurogenetic diseases are common and devastating, robbing individuals of quality of life. The majority of neurological disorders still lack effective therapies. Genetics play an important role in many neurological disorders, including chromosomal abnormalities, Mendelian disorders caused by single gene mutations, and complex disorders involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Patterns of inheritance such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial are described. The importance of family history, clues to genetic causes, and assessing sporadic cases are outlined. The roles and aspects of genetic counseling are defined, including diagnosis, education, testing options, treatment options,
Spinocerebellar ataxia
This document provides an overview of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). It discusses the genetics, neuropathology, epidemiology, clinical features, and mechanisms of several SCA subtypes including SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA12. The main points are that SCA is a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia, with specific subtypes associated with additional symptoms depending on the mutated gene. The document reviews the genetic causes and typical features of several major SCA subtypes.
Diabetic polyneuropathy
This document discusses diabetic polyneuropathy. It begins with an agenda outlining the topics to be covered: epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
- Up to 50% of diabetics may develop symptomatic neuropathy 20 years after diagnosis. The risk increases the longer a person has diabetes.
- Neuropathic pain symptoms can include burning, tingling sensations, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. The pain is usually chronic.
- Pathogenic mechanisms include metabolic and vascular factors that damage nerve fibers over time, such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired blood flow. This can lead to endoneurial hypoxia, ATP depletion and nerve damage.
Peripheral neuropathy
Reference-Harrison text book of internal medicine -20th edition
Slides by-Dr Jayasoorya P G,Junior resident,Department of General Medicine,Azeezia medical college,Kollam,Kerala
ALS (Amytropic Lateral Sclerosis)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal neurological disease that causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. The exact causes are unknown but may include genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms start with muscle weakness and progress to include slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and eventually paralysis of the diaphragm leading to respiratory failure. While there is no cure, treatments can help manage symptoms and some medications may slow disease progression. The average life expectancy is 2-5 years from diagnosis but can vary significantly.
ISAAC’S Syndrome.pptx
Isaac's syndrome is a rare acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. The main clinical manifestation is spontaneous continuous skeletal muscle overactivity presenting as twitching and painful cramps, often associated with stiffness, pseudomyotonia, pseudotetany and weakness. It is caused by anti-voltage gated potassium channel complex antibodies binding to LGI1 and CASPR2 proteins. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, detecting these antibodies, and electromyography showing abnormal nerve activity. The condition is sometimes associated with other autoimmune diseases or paraneoplastic syndromes. Treatment focuses on immunotherapy like steroids and plasmapheresis, along with symptomatic relief of muscle overactivity.
Aphasia and types
This document provides an overview of aphasia and aphasia syndromes. It defines aphasia as an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage. The major aphasia syndromes discussed are Broca's aphasia (nonfluent speech with relatively preserved comprehension), Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with impaired comprehension), global aphasia (combination of Broca's and Wernicke's deficits), conduction aphasia (impaired repetition with otherwise intact language), and pure word deafness (isolated auditory comprehension deficit). Each syndrome is characterized by its pattern of impaired and preserved language functions as well as its associated neurological deficits and lesion location.
Neuropathy
This document is a powerpoint presentation from a Neuropathy Association support group on peripheral neuropathy. It provides information on what neuropathy is, symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes, types of neuropathy, treatments, and goals for supporting those with neuropathy which include increasing awareness, education, support, advocacy, and encouraging research. Peripheral neuropathy impacts over 20 million Americans and there are over 100 identified types but more research is still needed to better understand this condition.
Apraxia
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
GBS Acute Polyneuropathies (GBS)
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy characterized by acute onset of peripheral and cranial nerve dysfunction and progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by an autoimmune reaction directed against peripheral nerves, often preceded by a viral infection. Clinically, GBS presents with rapidly progressive symmetric weakness, loss of tendon reflexes, and sensory symptoms like paresthesia. Electrodiagnostic studies are diagnostic in most cases and show features of demyelination like prolonged latencies and conduction block. Treatment involves supportive care and immunotherapy.
Guillain barre syndrome
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy where peripheral nerve myelin is attacked by the immune system, resulting in muscle weakness that starts in the legs and can progress to paralysis. It is usually triggered by a prior infection and involves lymphocytic infiltration and macrophage-mediated myelin stripping. Clinical features include progressive, symmetric muscle weakness often starting proximally, absent deep tendon reflexes, sensory symptoms, and autonomic dysfunction. Diagnosis involves albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid and electromyography findings. Treatment options include intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis to modify the immune response. Most patients recover, but some have persistent
Guillain-Barre syndrome
The document discusses the immunobiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). It outlines that GBS is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy with heterogeneous clinical variants. The immunopathology involves multifocal demyelination of the peripheral nervous system through cellular and humoral immune mechanisms. Cellular immunity in GBS is mediated by T cells that are activated against peripheral nerve antigens. Humoral immunity involves antibodies targeting gangliosides and other nerve structures that can activate complement and cause damage. A preceding infection may trigger molecular mimicry and production of these autoantibodies.
Parkinson's Disease by Dr. Aryan
This document provides an overview of Parkinson's disease. It begins with an introduction, noting it was first described in 1817 and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after multiple sclerosis. The pathophysiology section explains it is caused by depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and presence of alpha-synuclein and other protein inclusions. Clinical features include both motor symptoms like bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, as well as non-motor symptoms. Treatment involves dopamine precursors like levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO inhibitors, and other drugs, as well as therapies like deep brain stimulation.
Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology where noncaseating granulomas can affect multiple organs including the lungs, heart, skin and nervous system. It most commonly involves the lungs in 90% of cases. The central nervous system is involved in 5-16% of cases, with cranial neuropathies, encephalitis, meningitis and mass lesions being common neurological manifestations. Treatment involves corticosteroids as the mainstay, with immunosuppressants also used in refractory cases. Prognosis depends on location and type of involvement, with 72% of neurological cases deteriorating within 18 months if not treated.
Spinal stroke
Spinal stroke is a rare type of stroke accounting for less than 1% of all strokes. It results from an acute disruption of blood supply to the spinal cord, causing ischemia and neurological deficits. The spinal cord receives its blood supply from the anterior spinal artery and dual posterior spinal arteries. Etiologies of spinal stroke include vertebral artery dissection, arteriosclerosis, embolism, hypotension, and vasculitis. Clinical features appear rapidly within 30-45 minutes and include radicular pain and neurological deficits depending on the affected territory. MRI is important for diagnosis, particularly vertebral body infarction. There is no established effective therapy, but prognosis varies with age and severity, with many patients experiencing some improvement over time.
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute polyneuropathic disorder that causes muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, and numbness in the limbs and face. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. The symptoms can range from mild tingling to total paralysis. The disorder is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection. Treatment focuses on speeding recovery through measures like plasmapheresis, IVIG, respiratory therapy, and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure or paralysis. Nurses help manage symptoms, provide education, and address problems with mobility, swallowing, and sensation that arise due to the disease process.
Spinocerebellar ataxia
The document discusses various causes of spinocerebellar ataxia and cerebellar atrophy on MRI. It describes imaging findings for multiple system atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia types 1-3 and 6/31, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy, alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, phenytoin use, paraneoplastic syndrome, hypothyroidism, and effects of radiation/chemotherapy; including cerebellar and brainstem atrophy and T2 hyperintensities. Differential diagnosis is important as clinical history and imaging patterns may distinguish genetic, toxic and degenerative etiologies of cerebellar dysfunction.
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect the central nervous system and cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. Diagnosing neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is challenging due to its diverse manifestations. Genetic, autoantibody, and cytokine factors may contribute to NPSLE pathogenesis by disrupting the blood-brain barrier and causing inflammatory changes. Treatment involves immunosuppression but outcomes depend on the specific neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Genetic Testing In Neurology
Genetic testing in neurology is becoming more common and offers potential for diagnosis confirmation and prognosis. The neurologist needs to be aware of testing indications, standards, and risks of inappropriate use. Genetic testing can be used for diagnostic, prenatal, predictive, carrier, and disease risk purposes, as well as pharmacogenetics. Providing counseling before and after testing is important to discuss implications and avoid misinterpretations of results.
Gbs
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the nerves. It is characterized by progressive weakness in the legs and arms, loss of reflexes, and ascending paralysis over 4 weeks or less. The disorder is usually preceded by a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. Treatment involves supportive care and immunoglobulin therapy. Most patients recover, though some experience long-term weakness depending on the severity of symptoms.
Higher Mental Function
This document outlines the key areas and functions involved in higher mental assessment. It describes the different anatomical networks related to language, spatial cognition, face and object recognition, memory, and attention/behavior. It then provides details on conducting a mental status examination, including relevant history, physical appearance, mood/emotional status, attention, language, memory, and other cognitive functions. Tests are described to evaluate different areas like frontal lobe functions, parietal lobe functions, memory, constructional ability, and neglect.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to progressively degenerate. This leads to muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body. While the causes are largely unknown, about 5-10% of ALS cases are inherited. The disease usually starts in the limbs and causes symptoms like muscle cramps, weakness, and atrophy. Over time, it spreads and also affects muscles used for breathing, swallowing, and speaking. Currently, there is no cure for ALS and the goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and prolong life using medications, respiratory support, and multidisciplinary care.
Vestibular disorders
The document discusses vestibular disorders and the anatomy and function of the inner ear's role in balance. It describes how the semicircular canals and otolith organs detect movement and orientation. Common causes of dizziness include Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular neuritis, and migraines. Diagnosis involves a case history and vestibular testing like VNG, rotary chair, and VEMPs. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include medications, repositioning maneuvers, surgery, or vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a term associated with a group of neurological diseases caused by lesions in the PNS or CNS.
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory neuropathy. It is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Recent decades have seen progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of GBS. The pathogenesis involves molecular mimicry between gangliosides and antigens from preceding infections like Campylobacter jejuni, leading to anti-ganglioside antibody production and complement-mediated nerve damage. Different GBS subtypes are associated with different antiganglioside antibodies and clinical courses.
The comprehensive guide to autism
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the role of comparative genomics and interactomics in furthering the understanding of ASD. It highlights that ASD is a highly heritable but genetically complex disorder, with hundreds of genes associated with it. While some genes cause syndromic forms of ASD, the majority of cases have multiple genetic variants contributing to the disorder. Comparative genomics and interactomics studies are helping to elucidate biological pathways and processes involved in ASD by analyzing genetic data from patients. This integrated genomic and systems biology approach is providing new insights into ASD pathogenesis.
Achondroplasia
What is achondroplasia, definition , etiology ,types of dwarfism , genetic background,clinical presentations ,history and clinical examination , differential diagnosis ,diagnostic tests ,radiological findings ,CT scan and MRI , Medical care and role of growth hormone ,Surgical care and consultation,
More Related Content
What's hot
ISAAC’S Syndrome.pptx
Isaac's syndrome is a rare acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. The main clinical manifestation is spontaneous continuous skeletal muscle overactivity presenting as twitching and painful cramps, often associated with stiffness, pseudomyotonia, pseudotetany and weakness. It is caused by anti-voltage gated potassium channel complex antibodies binding to LGI1 and CASPR2 proteins. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, detecting these antibodies, and electromyography showing abnormal nerve activity. The condition is sometimes associated with other autoimmune diseases or paraneoplastic syndromes. Treatment focuses on immunotherapy like steroids and plasmapheresis, along with symptomatic relief of muscle overactivity.
Aphasia and types
This document provides an overview of aphasia and aphasia syndromes. It defines aphasia as an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage. The major aphasia syndromes discussed are Broca's aphasia (nonfluent speech with relatively preserved comprehension), Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with impaired comprehension), global aphasia (combination of Broca's and Wernicke's deficits), conduction aphasia (impaired repetition with otherwise intact language), and pure word deafness (isolated auditory comprehension deficit). Each syndrome is characterized by its pattern of impaired and preserved language functions as well as its associated neurological deficits and lesion location.
Neuropathy
This document is a powerpoint presentation from a Neuropathy Association support group on peripheral neuropathy. It provides information on what neuropathy is, symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes, types of neuropathy, treatments, and goals for supporting those with neuropathy which include increasing awareness, education, support, advocacy, and encouraging research. Peripheral neuropathy impacts over 20 million Americans and there are over 100 identified types but more research is still needed to better understand this condition.
Apraxia
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
GBS Acute Polyneuropathies (GBS)
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy characterized by acute onset of peripheral and cranial nerve dysfunction and progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by an autoimmune reaction directed against peripheral nerves, often preceded by a viral infection. Clinically, GBS presents with rapidly progressive symmetric weakness, loss of tendon reflexes, and sensory symptoms like paresthesia. Electrodiagnostic studies are diagnostic in most cases and show features of demyelination like prolonged latencies and conduction block. Treatment involves supportive care and immunotherapy.
Guillain barre syndrome
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy where peripheral nerve myelin is attacked by the immune system, resulting in muscle weakness that starts in the legs and can progress to paralysis. It is usually triggered by a prior infection and involves lymphocytic infiltration and macrophage-mediated myelin stripping. Clinical features include progressive, symmetric muscle weakness often starting proximally, absent deep tendon reflexes, sensory symptoms, and autonomic dysfunction. Diagnosis involves albuminocytologic dissociation in cerebrospinal fluid and electromyography findings. Treatment options include intravenous immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis to modify the immune response. Most patients recover, but some have persistent
Guillain-Barre syndrome
The document discusses the immunobiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). It outlines that GBS is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy with heterogeneous clinical variants. The immunopathology involves multifocal demyelination of the peripheral nervous system through cellular and humoral immune mechanisms. Cellular immunity in GBS is mediated by T cells that are activated against peripheral nerve antigens. Humoral immunity involves antibodies targeting gangliosides and other nerve structures that can activate complement and cause damage. A preceding infection may trigger molecular mimicry and production of these autoantibodies.
Parkinson's Disease by Dr. Aryan
This document provides an overview of Parkinson's disease. It begins with an introduction, noting it was first described in 1817 and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after multiple sclerosis. The pathophysiology section explains it is caused by depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and presence of alpha-synuclein and other protein inclusions. Clinical features include both motor symptoms like bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity, as well as non-motor symptoms. Treatment involves dopamine precursors like levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO inhibitors, and other drugs, as well as therapies like deep brain stimulation.
Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology where noncaseating granulomas can affect multiple organs including the lungs, heart, skin and nervous system. It most commonly involves the lungs in 90% of cases. The central nervous system is involved in 5-16% of cases, with cranial neuropathies, encephalitis, meningitis and mass lesions being common neurological manifestations. Treatment involves corticosteroids as the mainstay, with immunosuppressants also used in refractory cases. Prognosis depends on location and type of involvement, with 72% of neurological cases deteriorating within 18 months if not treated.
Spinal stroke
Spinal stroke is a rare type of stroke accounting for less than 1% of all strokes. It results from an acute disruption of blood supply to the spinal cord, causing ischemia and neurological deficits. The spinal cord receives its blood supply from the anterior spinal artery and dual posterior spinal arteries. Etiologies of spinal stroke include vertebral artery dissection, arteriosclerosis, embolism, hypotension, and vasculitis. Clinical features appear rapidly within 30-45 minutes and include radicular pain and neurological deficits depending on the affected territory. MRI is important for diagnosis, particularly vertebral body infarction. There is no established effective therapy, but prognosis varies with age and severity, with many patients experiencing some improvement over time.
Gullian barre syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute polyneuropathic disorder that causes muscle weakness, loss of reflexes, and numbness in the limbs and face. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. The symptoms can range from mild tingling to total paralysis. The disorder is usually triggered by a bacterial or viral infection. Treatment focuses on speeding recovery through measures like plasmapheresis, IVIG, respiratory therapy, and monitoring for complications like respiratory failure or paralysis. Nurses help manage symptoms, provide education, and address problems with mobility, swallowing, and sensation that arise due to the disease process.
Spinocerebellar ataxia
The document discusses various causes of spinocerebellar ataxia and cerebellar atrophy on MRI. It describes imaging findings for multiple system atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia types 1-3 and 6/31, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy, alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, phenytoin use, paraneoplastic syndrome, hypothyroidism, and effects of radiation/chemotherapy; including cerebellar and brainstem atrophy and T2 hyperintensities. Differential diagnosis is important as clinical history and imaging patterns may distinguish genetic, toxic and degenerative etiologies of cerebellar dysfunction.
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect the central nervous system and cause neuropsychiatric symptoms. Diagnosing neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) is challenging due to its diverse manifestations. Genetic, autoantibody, and cytokine factors may contribute to NPSLE pathogenesis by disrupting the blood-brain barrier and causing inflammatory changes. Treatment involves immunosuppression but outcomes depend on the specific neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Genetic Testing In Neurology
Genetic testing in neurology is becoming more common and offers potential for diagnosis confirmation and prognosis. The neurologist needs to be aware of testing indications, standards, and risks of inappropriate use. Genetic testing can be used for diagnostic, prenatal, predictive, carrier, and disease risk purposes, as well as pharmacogenetics. Providing counseling before and after testing is important to discuss implications and avoid misinterpretations of results.
Gbs
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the nerves. It is characterized by progressive weakness in the legs and arms, loss of reflexes, and ascending paralysis over 4 weeks or less. The disorder is usually preceded by a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. Treatment involves supportive care and immunoglobulin therapy. Most patients recover, though some experience long-term weakness depending on the severity of symptoms.
Higher Mental Function
This document outlines the key areas and functions involved in higher mental assessment. It describes the different anatomical networks related to language, spatial cognition, face and object recognition, memory, and attention/behavior. It then provides details on conducting a mental status examination, including relevant history, physical appearance, mood/emotional status, attention, language, memory, and other cognitive functions. Tests are described to evaluate different areas like frontal lobe functions, parietal lobe functions, memory, constructional ability, and neglect.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to progressively degenerate. This leads to muscle weakness and atrophy throughout the body. While the causes are largely unknown, about 5-10% of ALS cases are inherited. The disease usually starts in the limbs and causes symptoms like muscle cramps, weakness, and atrophy. Over time, it spreads and also affects muscles used for breathing, swallowing, and speaking. Currently, there is no cure for ALS and the goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and prolong life using medications, respiratory support, and multidisciplinary care.
Vestibular disorders
The document discusses vestibular disorders and the anatomy and function of the inner ear's role in balance. It describes how the semicircular canals and otolith organs detect movement and orientation. Common causes of dizziness include Meniere's disease, BPPV, vestibular neuritis, and migraines. Diagnosis involves a case history and vestibular testing like VNG, rotary chair, and VEMPs. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include medications, repositioning maneuvers, surgery, or vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a term associated with a group of neurological diseases caused by lesions in the PNS or CNS.
Guillain Barre Syndrome
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory neuropathy. It is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Recent decades have seen progress in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prognosis of GBS. The pathogenesis involves molecular mimicry between gangliosides and antigens from preceding infections like Campylobacter jejuni, leading to anti-ganglioside antibody production and complement-mediated nerve damage. Different GBS subtypes are associated with different antiganglioside antibodies and clinical courses.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Holmes Adie Syndrome
The comprehensive guide to autism
This document discusses autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the role of comparative genomics and interactomics in furthering the understanding of ASD. It highlights that ASD is a highly heritable but genetically complex disorder, with hundreds of genes associated with it. While some genes cause syndromic forms of ASD, the majority of cases have multiple genetic variants contributing to the disorder. Comparative genomics and interactomics studies are helping to elucidate biological pathways and processes involved in ASD by analyzing genetic data from patients. This integrated genomic and systems biology approach is providing new insights into ASD pathogenesis.
Achondroplasia
What is achondroplasia, definition , etiology ,types of dwarfism , genetic background,clinical presentations ,history and clinical examination , differential diagnosis ,diagnostic tests ,radiological findings ,CT scan and MRI , Medical care and role of growth hormone ,Surgical care and consultation,
Dental management downs syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome
1) The document summarizes dental management considerations for patients with Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and cerebral palsy. It describes the characteristic oral findings, clinical features, and etiology of each condition.
2) It provides guidance for treating such patients in dental offices, including moving at a slower pace, using sedation if needed, and prescribing adequate analgesia since patients may not express pain clearly.
3) The document also outlines specific oral health challenges faced by patients with each condition and suggestions for home care, such as using the smallest toothbrush for those with misaligned teeth.
Child with Special Needs Part 1
This document provides information on Fragile X syndrome including:
- It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability and is an X-linked condition.
- The prevalence is 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 4000-6000 females who have the full mutation.
- Physical characteristics can include prominent ears, long narrow face, enlarged testes in males, and sensory or behavioral issues.
Child with Special Needs Part 1
This document provides information on Down syndrome including:
- Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 and has a prevalence of 1 in 800-1000 live births.
- Physical characteristics include refractive errors like hyperopia and astigmatism as well as binocular vision issues like strabismus.
- Recent studies have found that bifocals can effectively treat the reduced accommodation often seen in individuals with Down syndrome.
Visual Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Special Needs: Syndromes
This document discusses visual diagnosis and care of patients with special needs, including those with syndromes/genetic anomalies/brain injury. It covers several conditions commonly seen in children with special needs such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, autism, ADHD, acquired brain injury, and various learning disabilities. For each condition, it discusses etiology, prevalence/incidence, physical and visual characteristics. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive eye exams and vision therapy for patients with special needs.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Marshall syndrome
This case report describes a 14-year-old girl presenting with short stature who was diagnosed with Marshall syndrome. Marshall syndrome is an autosomal dominant collagenopathy that affects multiple systems including the eyes, ears, skeleton, and ectodermal tissues. It is caused by a defective COL11A1 gene resulting in abnormal type XI collagen. Clinical features include short stature, skeletal abnormalities, ocular issues like myopia, and connective tissue involvement. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.
Autism enigma
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Cem Kinaci and discusses his background and experience in nuclear medicine. It also lists his professional affiliations with various medical organizations. The bulk of the document then covers topics related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including recognized tendencies, possible causes, predisposing factors, and biochemical effects associated with ASD.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) better known as a stroke, occurs when.docx
Cerebrovascular accident, also known as stroke, occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted. The main risk factors are modifiable lifestyle factors like high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity as well as non-modifiable factors like age, gender and family history. Deep tendon reflexes are graded on a scale from 0 to 4 based on the strength of the reflex response. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy results in numbness and pain in the feet and legs due to nerve damage. Treatment focuses on managing blood sugar levels, relieving pain, and preventing complications.
9/2008 Vaccines and Autism
The Biological Plausibility of a Relationship between Vaccines and Autism Spectrum Disorders. A presentation to the Florida Governor's Task Force on Autism Spectrum Disorders
WRTG 3014 - Lydia Wallace - ASD Research Review
The document analyzes potential causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Utah, specifically the Wasatch Front region which has one of the highest ASD diagnosis rates in the nation. It finds that ASD is caused by a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors like single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants increase risk when combined with environmental exposures during prenatal development, like air pollutants. Studies have identified ASD "hotspots" in densely populated areas along the Wasatch Front with higher pollution levels. Both the genetic characteristics of the local population from founders and current environmental exposures may contribute to elevated ASD rates in the region.
Genetic principles in paediatric surgery
This document discusses genetic principles in paediatric surgery. It defines genetic disorders, congenital anomalies, and birth defects. It then classifies genetic disorders and describes different types of congenital malformations such as deformation, disruption, dysplasia, and more. The document also discusses specific genetic conditions commonly encountered in paediatric surgical wards and their associated genetic syndromes. It emphasizes the importance of a collaborative assessment and available diagnostic tools for evaluating children with birth defects. Prevention and treatment options are also outlined.
3 discussion Board replies.docx
Sickle cell disease originated as an adaptation to provide resistance against malaria. Individuals with sickle cell trait have modified red blood cells that limit the growth and spread of the malaria parasite. While protective against malaria, sickle cell disease causes anemia and other health issues. Treatment focuses on managing pain and complications through medications, fluids, oxygen, and blood transfusions. Education is important for patients and families to understand the condition and treatment plan. Sickle cell disease remains prevalent in areas where malaria is or was historically common.
D. Maino: Visual Diagnosis and Care of the Patient with Special Needs 06-09-16
This course was presented to the 3rd year class a the Illinois College of Optometry by Dr. Dominick M Maino (copyright 2016) 06-09-16.
Hypersalivation
This document discusses hypersalivation (sialorrhea or drooling). It summarizes that sialorrhea is a common problem in neurological diseases that can cause physical and psychosocial complications. It describes the anatomy and physiology of saliva production and various etiologies of hypersalivation including neuromuscular dysfunction, hypersecretion, sensory dysfunction, and anatomic abnormalities. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach including medications, behavioral therapies, and sometimes surgical interventions.
Fahr Syndrome- A Rare Case Report
A 33-year-old female patient presented with complaints of loose teeth and was found to have oligodontia, gingival inflammation, and advanced periodontitis. She had a history of brain fever and meningitis as a child. Imaging found calcification in the basal ganglia consistent with Fahr syndrome. The patient was diagnosed with Fahr syndrome based on her clinical history and imaging findings. She received full-mouth tooth extraction and is undergoing dental rehabilitation.
Down syndrome.pdf
This document discusses Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21. It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, either fully or partially. Key points include:
- Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, occurring in about 1 in 1000 live births worldwide.
- It is characterized by physical features such as a flat facial profile, small ears, an upward slant to the eyes, and intellectual disabilities.
- Individuals with Down syndrome often experience associated medical issues involving the heart, gastrointestinal system, hearing, and vision.
- Management involves screening and monitoring for common complications, providing early intervention services, addressing developmental delays, and connecting families to support groups.
SÍNDROME DE WEST: CONSIDERAÇÕES MÉDICAS E ASPECTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS
This document discusses West Syndrome, which is characterized by infantile spasms, abnormal brain wave patterns, and developmental issues. It presents two case studies of patients with West Syndrome. Both patients exhibited oral symptoms common to the condition, including gingival hyperplasia, tooth wear, altered tooth eruption, and malocclusion. One patient also had multiple dental caries, likely due to medications, diet, and oral hygiene challenges. The document emphasizes the importance of early and ongoing dental care for patients with West Syndrome to prevent complex issues due to their medical condition and developmental delays. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to properly manage their oral and overall health needs.
2017 Patients with Special Nedds
Cerebral Palsy is a motor disability appearing in early life due to brain damage. It has a prevalence of 1-4 per 1000 live births. Etiologies include prenatal, perinatal and postnatal insults. It is classified as spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic. Visual characteristics include refractive errors like hyperopia, strabismus in over 10% of cases, and reduced accommodation. Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by trisomy 21. Its prevalence is about 1 in 700 live births. Physical characteristics include low muscle tone, a flat facial profile, and health issues such as congenital heart defects and hearing loss.
Similar to Holmes Adie Syndrome (20)
Dental management downs syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome
Dental management downs syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome
Visual Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Special Needs: Syndromes
Visual Diagnosis and Care of Patients with Special Needs: Syndromes
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) better known as a stroke, occurs when.docx
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) better known as a stroke, occurs when.docx
D. Maino: Visual Diagnosis and Care of the Patient with Special Needs 06-09-16
D. Maino: Visual Diagnosis and Care of the Patient with Special Needs 06-09-16
SÍNDROME DE WEST: CONSIDERAÇÕES MÉDICAS E ASPECTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS
SÍNDROME DE WEST: CONSIDERAÇÕES MÉDICAS E ASPECTOS ODONTOLÓGICOS
More from Ade Wijaya
Flail Arm Syndrome: An Atypical Variant of Motor Neuron Disease
Flail Arm Syndrome (FAS) is an atypical form of Motor Neuron Disease characterized by predominantly proximal, progressive and symmetric wasting and paresis of the upper limb muscles, while lower limbs and bulbar muscles are spared. Diagnosis is made clinically and supported by electrodiagnostic studies and genetic testing. There is no cure, so treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Prognosis is generally better than ALS, with prolonged survival.
Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy.pptx
Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a progressive, autosomal dominant disorder caused by an abnormal CAG repeat, characterized by symptoms such as ataxia, myoclonus, epilepsy, and progressive cognitive and motor deterioration. It typically has an adult onset and poor prognosis, with death often occurring within 15 years of symptom onset. Diagnostic evaluation includes genetic testing, EEG, and brain MRI showing nonspecific atrophy. Treatment is supportive and multidisciplinary to address symptoms.
Anti-MAG Neuropathy.pptx
This document summarizes myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy. It presents as a chronic, slowly progressive large-fiber sensory-motor polyneuropathy, usually affecting the lower extremities initially. Diagnosis involves detecting anti-MAG antibodies and demonstrating demyelination on electrophysiology. While the condition progresses slowly over decades, it can ultimately cause significant muscle weakness, wasting, and ataxia. Current treatments focus on B cell depleting therapies like rituximab, while future therapies may involve antigen-specific immunotherapy.
Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome.pptx
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition characterized by cutaneous ulceration in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, most commonly the infraorbital nerve, due to self-inflicted trauma from facial dysesthesia. It results from damage to the trigeminal nerve pathway from various etiologies like iatrogenic nerve injury, cerebrovascular disease, or malignancy. Clinically, patients present with trigeminal anesthesia, facial paresthesia, and crescent-shaped nasal ulcers. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes behavioral modification, neurologic evaluation, pain management, and various medical therapies.
Acute Exacerbation of Trigeminal Neuralgia.pptx
Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition of the trigeminal nerve that causes sudden, severe facial pain. It can be primary due to blood vessel compression or secondary from tumors or multiple sclerosis. While treatments aim to reduce long-term symptoms, there is limited evidence on interventions for acute exacerbations that provide pain relief within 24 hours. Most rescue options provide less than 24 hours of relief, so a more comprehensive care plan is needed. Future studies on potential acute rescue analgesics like lidocaine, sumatriptan, and magnesium sulfate are still needed.
Management of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease.pptx
- Motor fluctuations are a common complication of Parkinson's disease that occur in approximately one-third of patients after 2 years of levodopa therapy. They involve unpredictable switching between "on" periods where symptoms are relieved and "off" periods where symptoms return.
- Management of motor fluctuations involves both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Non-pharmacologically, diet, exercise, and treating constipation may help. Pharmacologically, increasing levodopa doses, adding COMT inhibitors, dopamine agonists, or MAO-B inhibitors can help reduce off periods.
- There is no single best treatment, as the appropriate treatment depends on each individual patient's fluctuation patterns, symptoms, risk factors, and other considerations
Role of Clopidogrel in Minor Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack.pptx
This document discusses the role of clopidogrel in treating transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke. It defines TIA and stroke, and explains that clopidogrel works by inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation. It reviews several clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of clopidogrel combined with aspirin in secondary stroke prevention. The recommendations from health organizations like AHA/ASA and ESO are that clopidogrel can be used for secondary stroke prevention in ischemic stroke. For high-risk TIA or minor stroke patients who are not at high bleeding risk, the recommendation is dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin for 21 days, followed by single antiplatelet therapy thereafter.
Transient Epileptic Amnesia.pptx
Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a form of focal epilepsy characterized by recurrent episodes of retrograde or anterograde amnesia. During episodes, patients exhibit repetitive questioning and confusion but otherwise intact neurological function. Diagnosis requires witnessed amnesic episodes, intact cognition otherwise during episodes, and evidence of epilepsy from EEG, seizures, or response to anti-seizure medication. TEA can be differentiated from conditions like transient global amnesia and is frequently underdiagnosed in older adults.
Management of Benzodiazepine Misuse and Dependence.pptx
The document discusses the management of benzodiazepine misuse and dependence. It notes that long-term benzodiazepine use has been associated with increased risks, harms, and mortality. The management of benzodiazepine dependence involves preventing misuse through short prescriptions, substituting to longer-acting benzodiazepines or other drugs, gradually tapering doses to avoid withdrawal symptoms, and using psychotherapy or other pharmacological interventions during tapering. Abrupt discontinuation can cause seizures, so slow tapering is generally recommended.
Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia a...
This document discusses MOGHE (Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia and Epilepsy), a recently recognized and highly epileptogenic histopathological entity involving the frontal lobes that causes drug-resistant epilepsy. MOGHE is characterized by blurred gray-white matter boundaries, heterotopic neurons in white matter, and an increased number of oligodendroglial cells. It represents an emerging histopathological entity associated with frontal lobe epilepsy that can be difficult to treat surgically.
Cerebral Superficial Siderosis.pptx
Cerebral superficial siderosis is characterized by linear hemosiderin deposits in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, brainstem, and spinal cord. It can present as either classical infratentorial or cortical superficial siderosis. Potential etiologies include cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vascular malformations, head trauma, and other conditions. Diagnosis is made through MRI brain imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve surgery to repair vascular abnormalities.
Frontotemporal Brain Sagging Syndrome.pptx
This document discusses frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome, a potentially treatable disorder characterized by apathy, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, and orthostatic headache. Imaging shows sagging of the brain similar to spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Symptoms can mimic frontotemporal dementia. The syndrome is caused by mechanical forces on the frontal and temporal lobes from spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Early diagnosis and treatment are important as it is a reversible condition.
Epidural Blood Patch.pptx
An epidural blood patch involves injecting the patient's own blood into the epidural space to treat a post-dural puncture headache that has not responded to conservative treatments like bed rest. It has an 85% success rate initially and up to 90% with repeated patches. The procedure involves identifying the epidural space and slowly injecting 5-25mL of blood drawn from the patient over 30-60 seconds. Complications can include worsening headaches from additional dural rents, back pain, or infection at the injection site.
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.pptx
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a medical condition caused by loss of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal canal, resulting in headaches and neurological symptoms. It most commonly presents with orthostatic headaches that are less apparent over time. Brain MRI and spine MRI are used to diagnose and locate CSF leaks. Treatment involves conservative measures, percutaneous patching of leaks, or surgical closure. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension can lead to complications like subdural hematomas if not properly diagnosed and treated.
Clinical Evaluation and Management of Facial Nerve Trauma
This document summarizes the clinical evaluation and management of facial nerve trauma. It discusses that facial palsy occurs in 20 per 100,000 people, with 16% being traumatic from temporal bone fractures. The duration, mechanism, and location of the injury provide important clues for evaluation and prognosis. Diagnostic tests include CT, MRI, and electrodiagnostic testing. Management options include conservative treatment with steroids and physical therapy or surgical decompression of the facial nerve, with earlier surgical intervention found to have better outcomes.
Argyrophilic Grain Disease.pptx
Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by argyrophilic grains in neuronal processes. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. AGD prevalence increases with age to over 30% in centenarians. Clinically, AGD typically presents as a slowly progressive mild cognitive impairment, often with early emotional or personality changes. Diagnosis of AGD can only be made post-mortem by brain biopsy.
Anti-IgLON5 Disease.pptx
Anti-IgLON5 disease is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by tau deposits in the hypothalamus and brainstem. It is caused by autoantibodies against the IgLON5 protein. Clinical features include sleep disorders, bulbar dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and gait instability. Diagnosis involves detecting IgLON5 antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid along with clinical signs. Neuroimaging shows brain atrophy and white matter changes. Treatment involves long-term immunotherapy but prognosis is generally poor with high mortality.
Globular Glial Tauopathies.pptx
The document discusses globular glial tauopathies (GGTs), a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cytoplasmic tau protein inclusions. GGTs include progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and argyrophilic grain disease. They are defined by inclusions predominantly composed of tau isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. GGTs are characterized neuropathologically by tau-positive globular oligodendroglial inclusions and granular astrocytic inclusions, which are mostly Gallyas-negative. These features help distinguish GGTs from other four-repeat tauopathies, particularly progressive supranuclear palsy.
The Tauopathies.pptx
This document discusses tauopathies, which are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal tau aggregates in neurons and glial cells. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes cytoskeleton structure and axonal transport in the nervous system. In tauopathies, tau becomes pathological and forms inclusions like paired helical filaments. Tauopathies show heterogeneity in clinical presentations depending on the type and location of tau aggregates. Classification is based on the tau isoforms involved, with 4-repeat tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Understanding tau aggregation mechanisms and their role in toxicity is important for developing targeted therapies for these diseases.
Primary Progressive Aphasia.pptx
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by a gradual deterioration of language abilities over time due to left-hemisphere brain atrophy. It is classified into three main variants - logopenic, nonfluent agrammatic, and semantic - based on distinct language profiles and brain regions affected. Diagnosing PPA and differentiating between variants can be challenging due to overlapping language impairments, clinical variability, and disease progression over time. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach, though treatment options are limited as there is no cure currently.
More from Ade Wijaya (20)
Flail Arm Syndrome: An Atypical Variant of Motor Neuron Disease
Flail Arm Syndrome: An Atypical Variant of Motor Neuron Disease
Management of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease.pptx
Management of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson Disease.pptx
Role of Clopidogrel in Minor Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack.pptx
Role of Clopidogrel in Minor Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack.pptx
Management of Benzodiazepine Misuse and Dependence.pptx
Management of Benzodiazepine Misuse and Dependence.pptx
Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia a...
Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia a...
Clinical Evaluation and Management of Facial Nerve Trauma
Clinical Evaluation and Management of Facial Nerve Trauma
Recently uploaded
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
vertical loop
horizontal loop
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Recently uploaded (20)
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Holmes Adie Syndrome
- 1. Holmes-Adie Syndrome Ade Wijaya, MD – October 2020
- 2. Introduction • Holmes- Adie Syndrome / Adie Syndrome • Introduced in 1931 by William John Adie, the British neurologist of Australian descent, and Sir Gordon Morgan Holmes, an Irish neurologist • Relatively common neurological disorder of unknown etiology Adie WJ. PSEUDO-ARGYLL ROBERTSON PUPILS WITH ABSENT TENDON REFLEXES: A BENIGN DISORDER SIMULATING TABES DORSALIS. Br Med J.1931 May 30;1(3673):928-30.
- 3. Clinical Presentation Unilateral or bilateral tonically dilated pupils Light-near dissociation Tendon areflexia Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Can be associated with hypohidrosis, in this case, it is known as Ross syndrome
- 4. Epidemiology • Incidence: 4.7/100,000 population/year • Prevalence: 2/1000 population • Age: 25 to 45 (mean age of 32 years) • Female > Male • 80 % unilateral Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 5. Etiology : Mostly idiopathic May rarely be caused by local disorders involving the orbit that affect the ciliary ganglion including • Infections such as syphilis, varicella, human parvovirus-B19, human immunodeficiency virus, and Lyme disease • Ischemia due to lymphomatoid granulomatosis, migraine, and giant cell arteritis • Autoimmune disorders such as Sjogren syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease • Cardiovascular disorders • Local or general anesthesia • Orbital or choroidal tumors • Orbital surgery for orbital floor fractures • Neuromuscular conditions such as Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, • Paraneoplastic in association with anti-Hu antibodies • Retinal photocoagulation that results in damage to the ciliary nerves within the suprachoroidal space. • Familial dysautonomia Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 6. Pathophysiology • Damage to the ciliary ganglion most commonly by an inflammatory process. Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 8. Histopathology • Ciliary ganglion on the affected side has degenerated with associated partial atrophy of the sphincter pupillae muscle • There was also minimal neuronal degeneration affecting the superior cervical ganglion, the sacral dorsal root ganglion, and the sciatic nerve Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 9. Diagnosis • History and physical • Pharmacologic Testing: cholinergic denervation supersensitivity with low concentration pilocarpine • Sweat testing • Etiologic Evaluation Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 10. Differential Diagnosis • Argyll Robertson pupil • Ross and Harlequin syndromes • Horner Syndrome Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 11. Treatment • Most do not require any treatment • Treat underlying conditions if any • Reading glasses • Topical low-dose pilocarpine or physostigmine drops • Thoracic sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for diaphoresis • Interdisciplinary approach Serra Mitjans M, Callejas Pérez MA, Valls Solé J, Grimalt Santacana R, Rubio Garay M, Iglesias Sentís M. [Surgical treatment for compensatory hyperhidrosis in Adie syndrome].Arch. Bronconeumol. 2004 Feb;40(2):97-9 Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 12. Prognosis and Complication • Good prognosis • Does not have a progressive course • The pupil light reaction becomes weaker over time with an increasing light-near dissociation, and the pupil becomes smaller with time ("little old Adie") • May rarely result in angle-closure glaucoma • May cause amblyopia in children Sarao MS, Elnahry AG, Sharma S. Adie Syndrome (Tonic Pupil Syndrome) [Updated 2020 Jul 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020
- 13. Summary • Triad: unilateral or bilateral tonically dilated pupils with light-near dissociation and tendon areflexia • Mostly idiopathic • Good prognosis; no progression • May rarely develop into angle-closure glaucoma • Interdisciplinary approach
- 14. THANK YOU