Hiv

1. UNDERSTANDING
HIV
Welcome to my presentation on HIV! Join
me as we explore the virus, its reproduction
mechanism and interaction with host cells.
BY : HARSHITA HADA , 232E

2. HIV : LIFE CYCLE
The first of seven steps in the HIV life cycle. When
HIV attacks a CD4 cell, the virus binds (attaches
itself) to molecules on the surface of the CD4 cell:
first a CD4 receptor and then either a CCR5 or
CXCR4 coreceptor.
BINDING
HIV attacks and destroys the CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune
system. CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that play a major role in
protecting the body from infection. HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells
to multiply and spread throughout the body. This process, which is carried out
in seven steps or stages, is called the HIV life cycle.

3. REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
Inside the nucleus , HIV releases
Integrase ( HIV enzyme) , HIV uses
integrase to insert its viral DNA
into the DNA of the CD4 cell.
INTEGRATION
Inside the host cell, viral
RNA is reverse transcribed
into DNA by the action of
reverse transcriptase
enzyme. This conversion of
HIV RNA To HIV DNA allows
it to move in to nucleus of
the cell and combine with
the cell’s genetic material.

4. REPLICATION
New HIV proteins and HIV RNA
move to the surface of the cell and assemble
into immature (noninfectious) HIV.
Budding: Newly formed immature
(noninfectious)
HIV pushes itself out of the host CD4 cell.
The new HIV
releases protease (an HIV enzyme). Protease
breaks up
the long protein chains in the immature
virus. creating the mature (Infectious) virus
ASSEMBLY AND BUDDING
The CD4 nucleus then starts producing raw material to make new HIV. These
long strands of new HIV particles need to be cut up and assembled as new virus.
The enzyme involved in the cutting and assembling process is called protease.
The HIV meds that block this process are called protease inhibitors.

5. CONCLUSION
HIV infects our immune system. This is the part of our
body that stops us getting sick.
HIV infects a type of white blood cell in our immune
system called a T-helper cell (also called a CD4 cell). These
cells keep us healthy by fighting off infections and
diseases. However, HIV hides inside these cells, tricking
the body so that the immune system can’t find and
destroy it.
It then takes control of the cell’s DNA, makes copies of
itself inside the cell, and finally releases more HIV into the
blood.
HIV will continue to multiply and spread throughout the
body. This is a process called the HIV lifecycle

6. DIAGNOSIS
Is the farthest planet
from the Sun
NEPTUNE
Is the ringed planet and
a gas giant
SATURN
Is the biggest planet in
our Solar System
JUPITER
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
MERCURY
Has a beautiful name,
but it’s very hot
VENUS
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
MARS