For The Islamia University Of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus..........

1. Presented By : Qamar Ul Zaman
Huzail Jameel
IUB-Programmers
The Islamia University Of
Bahawalpur(Bahawalnagar Campus)

2. What We Will Discuss:

5. Industrial Revolution

6. History Of Management
“Using the scientific method to determine the one best way for job to be done”
Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915)
Father of Scientific Management
Taylor’s Four Principles :
Frederick W. Taylor Four Principles of Scientific Management
1- Develop a Science for each element of an individual work which will replace the old rule
Of thumb method.
2- Scientifically select and then train , teach and develop the worker.
3- Heartily cooperate with the worker so as to ensure that all work is done
In Accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed.
4- Divide work and responsibility almost equal between management and
Work. Management takes over all work for which it is better, fitted than the
Worker.
ClassicalApproach

7. History Of Management
“Using the scientific method to determine the one best way for job to be done”
Frank And Lillian Gilbreth
Parents of 12 children , ran their household using
Scientific management principles and techniques,
Two of their children wrote a book,
Cheaper by the Dozen,
Which describe the life with two master of efficiency.
The Gilbreths invented a device called a microchrono-
meter that recorded a worker’s hand-and-body motions
and the amount of time spent doing each motion.
Wasted motions missed by the naked eye could be iden-
tified and eliminated.
The Gilbreths also devised a classification scheme to label 17 basic hand motions which they
called therbligs.This scheme gave the Gilbreths a more precise way of analyzing
a worker’s exact hand movements.
ClassicalApproach

8. History Of Management
Def. “ATheory Of Management That Focused on describing what managers do and what
Constitute good manager practice”.
Def. “ Fundamental Rules Of Management that could be taught in schools and applied in
In all organizational Situations”.
Henri Fayol
MaxWeber

9. History Of Management
1. Division Of Work
2. Authority
3. Discipline
4. Unity of Command
5. Unity Of Direction
6. Subordination of Individual interests to the general Interests.
7. Remuneration
8. Centralization
9. Scalar Chain
10.Order
11.Equity
12.Stability
13.Initiative
14.Esprit de crops
Henri Fayol, a French businessman, first proposed in the early part of the twentieth
century that all managers perform five functions: planning, organizing, commanding,
coordinating, and controlling.
General Administrative

10. History Of Management
“A Form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed
Rules and regulations and impersonal relationship.”
(Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy)

11. History Of Management
Def. “InvolvesThe Approach Of QuantitativeTechniquesTo Improve Decision Making”
The quantitative approach contributes directly to management decision making in
the areas of planning and control. For instance, when managers make budgeting, queuing,
scheduling, quality control, and similar decisions, they typically rely on quantitative
techniques. Specialized software has made the use of these techniques less intimidating
for managers, although many still feel anxious about using them.

12. History Of Management
Organizational Behavior
Def.”The field of study concerned with the action(behavior) of people at work”.
As we know, managers get things done by working with people.
This explains why some writers
have chosen to look at management by focusing on the organization’s people.
The field of study that researches the actions (behavior) of people at work is called
organizational behavior (OB).
Much of what managers do today when managing people—motivating,
leading, building trust, working with a team, managing conflict, and so forth—has come out
of OB research.

13. Early Advocates
A number of individuals in the early twentieth century recognized the importance of people to an
organization’s success, four stand out as early advocates of the OB approach: Robert Owen, Hugo
Munsterberg, Mary Parker Follett, and Chester Barnard.
History Of Management

14. Hawthorne Studies
History Of Management
“A series of study during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights into individual and
Group behavior .”
This was initially designed byWestern Electric industrial engineers as a scientific
Management experiment. They wanted to examine the effect of various lighting
levels on worker productivity. Like any good scientific experiment, control and
experimental Groups were set up with the experimental group being exposed to
Various lighting intensities, and the control group working under a constant intensity.

15. System Approach
History Of Management
Def. “A system is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner
that produces a unified whole.”
Types Of System Approach:
1- Open System:“Systems that interact With their environment”.
2- Closed System:
“Systems that are not influenced by and do not interact With their environment”.

16. Contingency Approach
History Of Management
Popular contingency variables :
Organization size: As size increases, do the problems of coordination .
Routines of task technology: To Achieve its our pose, an organization uses technology.
Environmental uncertainty: the degree of un certainty caused by environmental changes
influences the management process
Individual differences: individuals differ in terms of their desire for growth, autonomy
tolerance of ambiguity and expectations.These and other individuals differences are
particularly important when managers select motivation techniques, leadership styles
and job designs

17. Presented By:
QAMAR-UL-ZAMAN
HUZAIL JAMIL
The Islamia University Of
Bahawalpur(Bahawalnagar Campus)