The document provides a brief history of Japan from prehistoric times through the Heian period. It summarizes the main periods as follows:
The Jomon period lasted from 14,000 BC to 300 BC and was characterized by a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and the earliest pottery in Japan. The Yayoi period from 400/300 BC to 250 AD saw the introduction of wet-rice farming and metallurgy from mainland Asia. The Kofun period from around 250 AD featured large burial mounds and the establishment of powerful military states centered around clans. The Asuka period from 538 to 710 AD saw the development of a centralized state and the introduction of Buddhism. The Nara period of the
Discussion about the geography of Japan including the different landforms and water forms that can be found in the area. This presentation also includes some information related to the tradition of the Japanese
Introduction to Japan
Basic features
A. Land
Principal Cities
B. Topography
C. Climate
D. The Japanese People
E. LAnguage
F. Life in Japan
G. Religion and Beliefs
H. Japanese Arts
Discussion about the geography of Japan including the different landforms and water forms that can be found in the area. This presentation also includes some information related to the tradition of the Japanese
Introduction to Japan
Basic features
A. Land
Principal Cities
B. Topography
C. Climate
D. The Japanese People
E. LAnguage
F. Life in Japan
G. Religion and Beliefs
H. Japanese Arts
I made this slideshow as my presentation in the class. It contents general information of Japan, such as location, weather, education system, politics, lifestyle, food and drink so on and so forth.
I made this slideshow as my presentation in the class. It contents general information of Japan, such as location, weather, education system, politics, lifestyle, food and drink so on and so forth.
Japanese HistoryANCIENT JAPANThe First JapaneseHum.docxvrickens
Japanese History
ANCIENT JAPAN
The First Japanese
Human beings have lived in Japan for at least 30,000 years. During the last ice age Japan was connected to mainland Asia by a land bridge and stone age hunters were able to walk across. When the ice age ended about 10,000 BC Japan became a group of islands.
About 8,000 BC the ancient Japanese learned to make pottery. The period from 8,000 BC to 300 BC is called the Jomon. The word Jomon means 'cord marked' because those people marked their pottery by wrapping cord around it. The Jomon people lived by hunting, fishing and collecting shellfish. The Jomon made tools of stone, wood and bone. They also made clay figurines of people and animals called dogu.
Between 300 BC and 300 AD a new era began in Japan. At that time the Japanese learned to grow rice. They also learned to make tools of bronze and iron. The Japanese also learned to weave cloth.
This period is called Yayoi. (It was named after a village called Yayoicho). Farming meant a more settled lifestyle. Yayoi people lived in villages of wooden huts. Farming and other skills also meant society became divided into classes. The leaders of Yayoi society were buried in mounds away from the ordinary people's burial grounds.
The Kofun Period in Japan
The Yayoi period was followed by the Kofun (from 300 AD to 710 AD).
At this time Japan gradually became united. The rich and powerful men of the era were buried in vast tombs called Kofun. Clay figures called haniwa were placed around the tombs to guard them. At that time Japan was heavily influenced by China. About 400 AD writing was introduced into Japan from China. The Japanese also learned to make paper from the Chinese. They also learned to make porcelain, silk and lacquer. The Japanese also learned to plan cities in the Chinese way.
According to tradition in 552 AD the king of Paekche in Korea sent priests to convert Japan to Buddhism. The native Japanese religion is called Shinto, which means 'the way of the gods'. Shinto teaches that spirits are present everywhere in nature. Every natural phenomena such as a mountain, lake, tree, waterfall and even rock has a spirit. Shinto does not have prophets or a sacred book but its teachings were passed on in myths. Shinto has many ceremonies and festivals. The two religions, Buddhism and Shinto co-existed peacefully in Japan. Shinto is more concerned with this life and its followers frequently pray for things they need or desire. Buddhism is more concerned with what happens after death. Most of the Japanese were happy to practice both religions.
The Kofun Period in Japan
Furthermore in the 7th century AD the emperor became more powerful. Prince Shotoku (574-622) ruled as regent to Empress Suiko. He was a patron of the arts and learning. He brought scholars from China and Korea to Japan and he adopted the Chinese calendar.
Shotoku also built the Horyuji Buddhist temple and monastery in 607. It burned down in 670 but it was rebuilt and became ...
History of Japan.
Content
Ancient Japan (Prehistoric - 538 AD).
Yayoi Period.
Kofun Period.
Nara Period.
Heian Period.
Medieval Japan (1185 - 1603).
Muroma chi Period.
Early Modern Japan (1603 - 1868).
Meiji Restoration.
World War I and Interwar Period.
World War II.
Postwar Japan.
Map of Japan
The history of Japan is a rich and fascinating tale that spans thousands of years. Here's an overview of the key periods and events in Japanese history:
Ancient Japan (Prehistoric - 538 AD).
Prehistoric Period: The Japanese archipelago was inhabited by hunter-gatherer societies around 30,000 BC. They developed a unique culture known as the Jomon period, characterized by pottery and a semi-sedentary lifestyle.
Ancient Japan
Yayoi Period.
Around 300 BC, rice agriculture and metalworking techniques were introduced to Japan by migrants from the Asian mainland. This period saw the establishment of agricultural communities and social stratification.
Yayoi Queen
Kofun Period.
From the 3rd to the 6th century, large burial mounds called kofun were constructed, indicating the rise of powerful clans and the emergence of a centralized political structure.
Classical Japan (538 - 1185).
Asuka Period: Buddhism was officially introduced in 538, and the country's first centralized state was established under the Yamato clan. The adoption of Chinese culture and the Taika Reforms in the 7th century helped consolidate political power.
Nara Period.
In 710, the capital was moved to Nara, and Japan experienced significant cultural and intellectual growth.
Nara
Buddhism flourished, and the country established diplomatic relations with China.
Heian Period.
In 794, the capital shifted to Heian-kyo (modern-day Kyoto). This era is renowned for its flourishing art, literature, and the rise of the samurai class. The famous literary work "The Tale of Genji" was written during this period.
Heian
Medieval Japan (1185 - 1603).
Kamakura Period: The Minamoto clan defeated their rivals and established the Kamakura shogunate in 1185, marking the beginning of samurai-dominated governments. The Mongol invasions in the 13th century were repelled with the help of a divine wind (kamikaze).
Medieval Japan
Muromachi Period.
The Ashikaga shogunate came to power in 1336, leading to a decentralized feudal system. This era witnessed the zenith of Zen Buddhism and the flourishing of traditional arts such as tea ceremonies, Noh theater, and ink painting.
Murom chi
Sengoku Period.
A period of intense civil wars among rival feudal lords, known as daimyo, characterized the late 15th to the late 16th century. It eventually led to the rise of the powerful warlord Oda Nobunaga and his successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
Sengoku
Early Modern Japan (1603 - 1868).
Edo Period: Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603, initiating a long period of relative peace and stability. The country was politically unified, and
A history of Japan from ancient times until the Feudal period. For use in a high school setting.
For the note-taking guide and more visit my store: http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Muse
The major colonizers of Southeast Asia were Europeans, Japanese and the U.S. All in all, there were seven colonial powers in Southeast Asia: Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Great Britain, France, the United States, and Japan. From the 1500s to the mid-1940s, colonialism was imposed over Southeast Asia.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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1. History of
JapanMade by:- Anmol Pant
Class:-9th C
Admn. No. 2789
Roll No. 27
School:-Mount Carmel School
2. A Brief
History... The history of Japan encompasses the history of
the islands of Japan and the Japanese people,
spanning the ancient history of the region to
the modern history of Japan as a nation state.
Following the last ice age, around 12,000 BC, the rich
ecosystem of the Japanese archipelago fostered
human development. The earliest-known pottery
found in Japan belongs to the Jōmon period. The first
known written reference to Japan is in the brief
information given in Twenty-Four Histories in the 1st
century AD. The main cultural and religious influences
came from China.
The first permanent capital was founded in 710
at Nara, which became a center of Buddhist art,
3. A Brief
History...In the 1860s, the Meiji period began, and the
new national leadership systematically
ended feudalism and transformed an isolated,
underdeveloped island country, into a world
power that closely followed Western
models. Democracy was problematic, because
Japan's powerful military was semi-
independent and overruled—or assassinated—
civilians in the 1920s and 1930s. The military
moved into China starting in 1931 and
declared all-out war on China in 1937.
4. A Brief
History...The U.S. occupied Japan until
1952. After 1955, it enjoyed very high
economic growth rates, and became a
world economic
powerhouse, especially in engineering,
automobiles and electronics. Since the
1990s economic stagnation has been a
major issue, with an earthquake and
tsunami in 2011 causing massive
economic dislocations and loss
5. Japanian History
Like all other countries, Japanese
History is also divided into three
parts:-
I. Pre-History
II.Proto-History
III.History
(This presentation is focused on
Pre-History only)
6. Japanese
prehistoryPaleolithic Age
The Japanese Paleolithic age covers a lengthy period
starting as early as 50,000 BC, and ending sometime
around 12,000 BC, at the end of the last ice age. Artifacts
claimed to be older than ca. 38,000 BC are not generally
accepted, and most historians therefore believe that the
Japanese Paleolithic started 40,000 years ago.
The Japanese archipelago would become disconnected
from the mainland continent after the last ice age, around
11,000 BC. After a hoax by an amateur
researcher, Shinichi Fujimura, had been
exposed, the Lower and Middle Paleolithic evidence
reported by Fujimura and his associates has been rejected
after thorough reinvestigation.
As a result of the fallout over the hoax, now only
some Upper Paleolithic evidence (not associated with
Fujimura) can possibly be considered as having been well
established.
8. Jōmon period
The Jōmon period lasted from about 14,000 until
300 BC. The first signs of civilization and stable
living patterns appeared around 14,000 BC with the
Jōmon culture, characterized by
a Mesolithic to Neolithic semi-sedentary hunter-
gatherer lifestyle of wood stilt house and pit
dwellings and a rudimentary form of agriculture.
Weaving was still unknown at the time and clothes
were often made of furs. The Jōmon people
started to make clay vessels, decorated with
patterns made by impressing the wet clay with
braided or unbraided cord and sticks. Based
on radio-carbon dating, some of the surviving
examples of pottery can be found in Japan along
with daggers, jade, combs made of shells, and
various other household items dated to the 11th
century BC.
9. Jōmon period
The most recent finds, in 1998, have been at
the Odai Yamamoto I site, where fragments of
a single vessel are dated to 14,500 BC (ca
16,500 BP); this places them as, or amongst, the
earliest pottery currently known in
Japan.[ Among older discoveries, calibrated
radiocarbon measures of carbonized material
from pottery artifacts: Fukui Cave 12500 ± 350
BP and 12500 ± 500 BP, Kamikuroiwa rock
shelter 12, 165 ± 350 years BP in Shikoku,
although the specific dating is disputed.
Elaborate pottery figurines known as dogū are
found from the Late Jōmon period.
11. Yayoi period
The Yayoi period lasted from about 400 or 300 BC until 250 AD.
This period followed the Jōmon period. This period is named
after Yayoi town, the subsection of Bunkyō, Tōkyō, where
archaeological investigations uncovered its first recognized
traces.
The start of the Yayoi period marked the influx of new
practices such as weaving, rice farming, and iron and bronze
making. Bronze and iron appear to have been simultaneously
introduced into Yayoi Japan. Iron was mainly used for
agricultural and other tools, whereas bronze was used for ritual
and ceremonial artifacts. Some casting of bronze and iron began
in Japan by about 100 BC, but the raw materials for both metals
were introduced from the Asian continent. The Yayoi period
brought Shamanism and divination by oracles to Shintō, in order
to guarantee good crops.
12. Yayoi period
Japan first appeared in written records in 57
AD with the following mention in China's Book
of the Later Han:"Across the ocean from
Lelang are the people of Wa. Formed from more
than one hundred tribes, they come and pay
tribute frequently.
The Yoshinogari site in Kyūshū is the most
famous archaeological site of the Yayoi period
and reveals a large settlement continuously
inhabited for several hundred years.
Archaeological excavation has shown the most
ancient parts to be from around 400 BC. The
inhabitants had frequent communication and
trade relations with the mainland. Today, some
reconstructed buildings stand in the park on
14. Kofun period
The Kofun period began around 250 AD, and
is named after the large tumulus burial
mounds that started appearing around that
time.
The Kofun period saw the establishment of
strong military states, each of them
concentrated around powerful clans. The
establishment of the dominant
Yamato polity was centered in the provinces
of Yamato and Kawachi from the 3rd century
AD till the 7th century, establishing the
origin of the Japanese imperial lineage. So
the polity, by suppressing the clans and
acquiring agricultural lands, maintained a
strong influence in the western part of
15. Kufun period
Japan started to send tributes to Imperial
China in the 5th century. In the Chinese
history records, the polity was called Wa,
and its five kings were recorded. Based
upon the Chinese model, they developed a
central administration and an imperial
court system, with its society being
organized into various occupation groups.
Close relationships between the Three
Kingdoms of Korea and Japan began during
the middle of this period, around the end
of the 4th century.
17. Asuka period
During the Asuka period (538 to 710), the proto-
Japanese Yamato polity gradually became a
clearly centralized state, defining and applying a
code of governing laws, such as the Taika
Reforms and Taihō Code. After the latter part
of the fourth century, the three kingdoms of
Korea refused cooperation and were often in
conflict with one another. During the reign
of Emperor Kotoku, envoys often visited
from Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla.
Buddhism was introduced to Japan in 538 by
the King Seong of Baekje, to whom Japan
continued to provide military support. Buddhism
was promoted largely by the ruling class for
18. Asuka period
Prince Shōtoku came to power in Japan as
Regent to Empress Suiko in 594. Empress
Suiko had come to the throne as the niece of
the previous Emperor, Sujun (588–593), who
had been assassinated in 593.
A letter brought to the Emperor of China by
an emissary from Japan in 607 stated that
the "Emperor of the Land where the Sun rises
(Japan) sends a letter to the Emperor of the
land where Sun sets (China)", thereby implying
an equal footing with China which angered the
Chinese emperor.
20. Nara PeriodThe Nara period of the 8th century marked the
emergence of a strong Japanese state and is
often portrayed as a golden age. In 710, the
capital city of Japan was moved from Asuka to
Nara. Hall (1966) concludes that "Japan had been
transformed from a loose federation of uji in the
fifth century to an empire on the order of
Imperial China in the eighth century. A new
theory of state and a new structure of
government supported the Japanese sovereign in
the style and with the powers of an absolute
monarch."Traditional, political, and economic
practices were now organized through a
rationally structured government apparatus that
legally defined functions and precedents. Lands
were surveyed and registered with the state. A
powerful new aristocracy emerged.
21. Nara Period There was a cultural flowering during this
period.[20] Soon, dramatic new cultural manifestations
characterized the Nara period, which lasted four
centuries.[23]
Following an imperial rescript by Empress Gemmei,
the capital was moved to Heijō-kyō, present-
day Nara, in 710. The city was modeled on
Chang'an (now Xi'an), the capital of the Chinese Tang
Dynasty.
During the Nara Period, political development was
marked by a struggle between the imperial family and
the Buddhist clergy, as well as between the imperial
family and the regents—the Fujiwara clan. Japan did
enjoy peaceful relations with their traditional foes—
the Balhae people—who occupied the south
of Manchuria. Japan also established formal
relationships with the Tang dynasty of China.[24]
22. Nara Period In 784, the capital was again moved to Nagaoka-kyō to
escape the Buddhist priests; in 794, it was moved
to Heian-kyō, present-day Kyōto. The capital was to
remain in Kyōto until 1868. In the religious town of
Kyōto, Buddhism and Shintō began to form
a syncretic system.
Historical writing in Japan culminated in the early 8th
century with the massive chronicles, the Kojiki (The
Record of Ancient Matters, 712) and the Nihon
Shoki (Chronicles of Japan, 720). These chronicles give
a legendary account of Japan's beginnings, today known
as the Japanese mythology. According to the myths
contained in these chronicles, Japan was founded in
660 BC by the ancestral Emperor Jimmu, a direct
24. Heian Period The Heian period, lasting from 794 to 1185, is the final
period of classical Japanese history. It is considered
the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for
its art, especially its poetry and literature. In the early
11th century, Lady Shikibu Murasaki wrote Japan's (and
one of the world's) oldest surviving novels, The Tale of
Genji. Kokin Wakashū, one of the oldest existing
collections of Japanese poetry, was compiled during this
period.
Political power in the imperial court was in the
hands of powerful aristocratic families (kuge),
especially the Fujiwara clan, who ruled under
the titles Sesshō and Kampaku (imperial
regents).
25. Heian Period When dissatisfaction with the government
arose resulting in the Hōgen Rebellion (1156–
1158), the Heiji Rebellion (1160) and
the Gempei War (1180–1185), the target of
the dissatisfaction was the Fujiwara Regents,
as well as the Imperial family. The Gempei
War ended in 1185 with the naval battle of
Dan-no-ura in which the Minamoto clan
defeated the Taira clan. In 1192, the Court
appointed Yoritomo of the Minamoto clan to a
number of high positions in government.
These positions were consolidated and
Yoritomo became the first person to be
designated the Seii-tai-shōgun or "Shōgun.
26. Heian Period Buddhism began to spread during the Heian Period. However,
Buddhism was split between two sects—the Tendai sect which
had been brought to Japan from China by Saichō (767–822)
and the Shingon sect which had been introduced from China
by Kūkai (774–835). Whereas, the Tendai sect tended to be a
monastic form of Buddhism which established isolated
monasteries or temples on the tops of mountains, the Shingon
variation of Buddhism was a less philosophical and more
practical and more popular version of the religion. Pure Land
Buddhism (Jōdo-shū, Jōdo Shinshū) was a form of Buddhism
which was much simpler than either the Tendai or Shingon
versions of Buddhism. Pure Land Buddhism became very
popular in Japan during a time of degeneration and trouble in
the latter half of the 11th century.
The Heiji Rebellion of 1160 also occurred during this
period and the uprising was followed by the Genpei War, from
which emerged a society led by samurai clans under the
political rule of the shōgun—the beginnings of feudalism in
Japan.