The document outlines the historical foundations of mental health nursing from ancient civilizations to modern times. It traces the evolution of how mental illness was viewed and treated, from theories of spirit possession to more humane and medicalized approaches. Key developments included the establishment of asylums in the 18th-19th centuries and the emergence of psychiatric nursing as a profession in the late 19th-early 20th centuries. Deinstitutionalization began in the mid-20th century alongside new pharmacological treatments. Mental health nursing further developed with theories focusing on therapeutic relationships and recovery-oriented care. The challenges now include balancing care and control while incorporating consumer perspectives.