histology of respiratory system upper lower
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how the respiratory system works: Inhalation: You breathe in air through your nose or mouth. The air passes through the nasal cavity, where it is warmed, humidified, and filtered. It then travels down the pharynx and into the larynx. Gas exchange: The air travels down the trachea and into the bronchi, which branch off into smaller and smaller airways called bronchioles. These eventually lead to the alveoli, tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the bloodstream into the alveoli. Exhalation: You breathe out air through your nose or mouth. The air travels back up the airways and out of the body.
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histology of respiratory system upper lower
- 1. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 1
- 2. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 2
- 3. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 3
- 4. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 4
- 5. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 5
- 6. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 6
- 7. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 7
- 8. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 8
- 9. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 9
- 10. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 10
- 11. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 11
- 12. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 12
- 13. BRONCHIAL TREE Histology of respiratory system for medical students 13 Primary Secondary Tertiary
- 14. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 14
- 15. BRONCHIAL TREE • 1, 2, 3 Bronchi • Cartilage plates, glands present, smallest is 5mm, many lymphocytes present • Bronchioles • No cartilage, no glands • Alveolar Duct • Alveolar Sac • Gas exchange • Alveolus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 15
- 16. HISTOLOGY OF BRONCHIAL TREE • Cartilage • Rings, plates, disappears Smooth Muscle Layer Begins in bronchi, more prominent in bronchioles then disappears • Epithelium • Pseudostratified, Simple columnar, cuboidal, squamous Histology of respiratory system for medical students 16
- 17. Bronchus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 17 Cartilage
- 18. Bronchus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 18 Lamina propria
- 19. Bronchus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 19
- 20. Bronchioles • > 5mm diameter • No cartilage or glands in mucosa • Epithelium changes from • pseudostratified to cuboidal epithelium. • shortening along the way. • Only scattered goblet cells initially. • Clara cells secrete protective proteins. • Lamina propria contains only • smooth muscle and elastic fibers. • Vagus nerve, sympathetic neurons Histology of respiratory system for medical students 20
- 21. Bronchiole x10 Histology of respiratory system for medical students 21
- 22. Bronchiole x40 Histology of respiratory system for medical students 22
- 23. Alveolus Bronchiole Histology of respiratory system for medical students 23
- 24. Location of Gas Exchange Histology of respiratory system for medical students 24
- 25. ALVEOLUS AND CAPILLARY Histology of respiratory system for medical students 25
- 26. GAS EXCHANGE • Respiratory membrane • Layers • Cells present in alveolus • Simple squamous epithelium • Other cells in alveolus • Macrophages • Surfactant cells Histology of respiratory system for medical students 26
- 27. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 27 Section of a terminal bronchiole with a small portion of a respiratory bronchiole continuous with an alveolar duct and many alveoli. Low magnification.
- 28. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 28
- 29. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 29 Diagram of a portion of the bronchial tree. Note that the smooth muscle in the alveolar duct disappears in the alveoli. (Redrawn from Baltisberger.)
- 30. Histology of respiratory system for medical students 30 Transition of a terminal bronchiole into an alveolar duct (arrow). Note the Clara cells arrowheads.
- 31. Respiratory Duct With Alveoli Histology of respiratory system for medical students 31
- 32. Alveolus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 32
- 33. Alveolar Sac Histology of respiratory system for medical students 33
- 34. Blood Vessel in Lung Histology of respiratory system for medical students 34
- 35. Alveolus with Capillary Histology of respiratory system for medical students 35
- 36. Interface between capillary and alveolus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 36
- 37. Interface Between Capillary, Alveolus Histology of respiratory system for medical students 37
- 38. Alveoli and interalveolar septum showing capillaries and epithelial . Cells type I and II Histology of respiratory system for medical students 38
- 39. Cells Located in Alveolus • Type I alveolar cells • Simple squamous cells • Type II cells • Surfactant • Macrophages (dust cells) Histology of respiratory system for medical students 39