This document discusses sea water cooling towers. It provides an overview of why industries use sea water cooling systems, the typical infrastructure requirements like intake structures and piping, and the main types of cooling including once-through and evaporative cooling. It also describes advantages of circular cooling towers like lower costs and maintenance needs compared to mechanical draft towers. The case study of Jubail Industrial City in Saudi Arabia outlines the large-scale sea water cooling system used to provide cooling to multiple industrial plants.

1. EASY ENVIRONM
COST
DURABLE MAINTAINE ENT
EFFECTIVE
D FRIENDLY

2. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
AGENDA
• INTRODUCTION
• INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRMENT
• TYPES OF SEAWATER COOLING
• TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
• ADVANTEGES OF CIRCULAR COOLING TOWER
• DISADVANTEGES OF CIRCULAR COOLING TOWER
• THE BIG STORY – CASE STUDY

3. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
INTRODUCTION
•COOLING TOWERS ARE A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF MANY
PLANTS. NOT ONLY DISTRICT COOLING PLANTS BUT ALSO MOST OF
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS.

4. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
WHY DO WE USE SEAWATER
COOLING TOWERS?
1. DURABLE
2. EASY MAINTAINED
3. ENERGY CONSERVATION
4. ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY
5. COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTION DUE TO THE ELEVATED
COST OF POTABLE WATER.
6. SCARCITY OF WATER RESOURCES.

5. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
• WHY DO INDUSTRIES NEED SEA
WATER COOLING SYSTEM ? .
• HEAT REJECTION FROM INDUSTRIES.
• COOLING MEDIA IS REQUIRED TO ABSORB HEAT
• THE SYSTEM PROVIDE SEA WATER TO BE THE
COOLING MEDIA TO ABSORB HEAT FROM
INDUSTRIES AND DISSIPATE HEAT INTO THE SEA.

6. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRREMENT
1. SEA WATER INTAKE
STRUCTURE.
2. PUMPING STATION.
3. PIPING OR CANAL.
4. INDUSTRIES OFF-TAKE
STRUCTURES.
5. OUTFALL STRUCTURE.

7. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
• TYPES OF SEA WATER COOLING
• ONCE THROUGH.
• EVAPORATIVE COOLING.
• RE-CIRCULATING COOLING TOWERS

8. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
NATURAL DRAFT MECHANICAL DRAFT
FAN ASSISTED NATURAL DRAFT

9. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE
1. NATURAL DRAUGHT DURING WINTER
OPERATION (APPROX. < 20 DEGREE C)
2. NO RESTRICTIONS FOR TOWER
SITTING WITHIN THE SITE
3. UNBIASED TO WIND DIRECTION
THERFOR, THERE IS NO ISSUE WITH
THE TOWER ORINATION.
4. SHORT DISTANCE TO PROCESS PLANT
( LESS PIPING)

10. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE
5. NO RECIRCULATION, NO INTERFERENCE
6. PLUME FORMING FAR AWAY FROM THE GROUND LEVEL
7. EASY CONTROL SYSTEM
8. LOW EMISSION IN CASE OF SALT WATER
9. LOWER TOTAL INVESTMENT COST (EARTHWORKS + COOLING
TOWER + PIPING)
10. LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT (SEE FIG. -1)

11. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE
FIGURE -1
LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT

12. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
ADVANTAGES
11. LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION.
12. LESS MAINTENANCE.
13. LONGER LIFE. (MECHANICAL SECTION
AWAY FROM PLUME WITH SALT CONTENT
IN DRIFT).
14. PEOPLE LIVING IN BUILDINGS IN THE
SURROUNDING AREA WILL NOT LOOK
DOWN TO SEE HUNDREDS OF REVOLVING
FANS WHICH IS THE CASE IN CELL
TYPE. CIRCULAR DESIGN GENERALLY
REQUIRES MAXIMUM 1-4 TOWERS WHERE
THE FANS ARE CONCEALED FROM VIEW.

13. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
DISADVANTAGES
1. THERE IS NO FINANCIAL INCENTIVE FOR
DEVELOPERS OR DISTRICT COOLING PROVIDERS.
2. SPECIAL CHILLERS AND TUBING.
3. HIGH INTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE COST.
4. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IMPACT MARINE LIFE
5. LOCAL AUTHORITIES REGULATION

14. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
DISADVANTAGES
6. TO BE USED ONLY FOR SHOPPING CENTERS
AND LOWRISE BUILDINGS.
7. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION LIMITATIONS.
8. MAINTAINING THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.
9. DISCHARGE SEAWATER TEMPRATURE
LIMITATION.

15. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
CASE STUDY
JUBAIL INDUSTRIAL CITY
SAUDI ARABIA

16. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
SWC SYSTEM COMPONENTS AT JUBAIL 1
• SEA WATER INTAKE ( INTAKE CHANNEL AND PUMP
STATION )
• CANAL SYSTEM
• 3 CANALS SEGMENTS WITH 3 COMPARTMENTS (
SUPPLY , SUPPLY / RETURN , RETURN )
• INVERTED SIPHONS BETWEEN CANALS SEGMENTS
• INDUSTRIES OFF-TAKE STRUCTURES AND
LATERALS PIPES
• OUTFALL STRUCTURE

17. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
ONCE THROUGH CONCEPT
Sea Water + 10 o C
Return ( Hot ) HOT
PROCESS
WATER
TYPICAL
PLATE HEAT
Q IN EXCHANGER
Q SWC
SUPPLY
COLD PROCESS
WATER
SEA WATER
SUPPLY ( COLD ) ALL WATER FORM SWC SYSTEM PASS
THROUGH THE INDUSTRY HEAT
EXCHANGER
INDUSTRIES FENCE
Q SWC SUPPLY = Q IN

18. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

19. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
INTAKE CHANNEL

20. INTAKE CHANNEL
DREDGED CHANNEL
ARABIAN
GULF
Length : 2.5 KM
Width : 60 – 190 M (Dredged Channel)
Depth : - 3.7m RCD

21. SWC PUMP STATION I & II
SWC 1 SWC 2
A-A

22. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
PUMP STATION

23. SWC PUMP STATION

24. INVERTED SIPHONS
Start of End of
Canal 2 Canal 1
Siphons
Pipes

25. OFF-TAKE STRUCTURE
SUPPLY RETURN
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE ACCESS
BRIDGE
FLOW MEASUREMENT
CHAMBER
S S/R R
SEAWATER TO
LATERAL PIPELINE
USER INDUSTRY

26. OUTFALL

27. CAPACITY OF THE PUMP STATION
Ultimate Pump Stations Summer
Capacity Operation ( Peak )
Total Pump Flow Max Flow Total Total Flow
Pumps m3/s m3/s Pumps m3/s
Large / Small
Pumps 18 / 10 13.5 /10.3 346 16 /8 298
Total Flow
( 1000 m3 / hr ) 28 1,245 24 ( 4 ) 1,074

28. Canal ( 1, 2 ,3 and 4 )
Siphon 3
Canal 3
Pump
Station
Siphon 2
Canal 1
Siphon 4
Canal 2 Siphon 1
Outfall

29. CAPACITY OF THE CANAL SYSTEM
• ORIGINAL DESIGN CAPACITY IS 816,000 M3/HR USING THE
ORIGINAL CONCEPT OF ONE S COMPARTMENT , ONE R
COMPARTMENT AND KEEP THE S/R AS STAND-BY
• CONCEPT HAS BEEN MODIFIED TO USE S AND S/R
COMPARTMENTS IN OPERATION AS SUPPLY CANALS
DURING PEAK AND ONLY R COMPARTMENT USED FOR
RETURN. THIS WILL DOUBLE THE SUPPLY CAPACITY.
HOWEVER ,
• THE CAPACITY OF THE RETURN CANAL CAN DELIVER
970,000 M3/ HR . SO OTHER MODIFICATION INTRODUCED.
• PETROKEMYA BYPASS, THE CANAL DISCHARGE CAPACITY
CAN BE INCREASED BY 190,000 M3 / HR (2 PIPES)
INCREASING THE TOTAL CANALS DISCHARGE CAPACITY
TO 1,160,000 M3 / HR .

30. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS
CONCLUSION
SEA WATER COOLING IS THE
ONE FOR OUR INDUSTRIES

31. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

32. SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS