The document discusses developing higher-order thinking skills in students for math and writing. It suggests that traditional math problems lack realism and are not framed by students. For math, teachers should see problems from the students' perspective, let students struggle productively, and encourage talk and collaboration. For writing, it recommends focusing on audience and purpose, co-constructing criteria, spending time on prewriting, and assessing at all stages of the writing process. The goal is to help students justify choices, make judgments, and express themselves effectively.