high speed modem
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The document discusses high speed modems, specifically 56K modems. It introduces modems and their function in modulating and demodulating data for transmission. It then discusses the development of 56K modems that could transmit data at speeds up to 56Kbps asymmetrically, uploading at lower speeds than downloading. The document outlines the working of these modems and some limitations on achieving the maximum speeds, including analog loops and FCC regulations. Requirements for utilizing the full speeds are also presented, such as compatible equipment and digital links.
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high speed modem
The document discusses high speed modems, specifically 56K modems. It introduces modems and their function in modulating and demodulating data for transmission. It then discusses the development of 56K modems that could transmit data at speeds up to 56Kbps asymmetrically, uploading at lower speeds than downloading. The working of these modems required pairs to transmit data over analog phone lines, with conversions that could impact speed. Limitations like bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and conversions affected the maximum speeds modems could achieve. For a 56K modem to reach its specified speeds, certain requirements had to be met regarding interference, computer processing power, firmware, ISP equipment compatibility and use of digital lines
Modem
Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received data. They are used for data conversion. Modems can be classified based on their range (short haul, voice grade, wide band), the type of line used (dialup, leased), and their operation mode (half duplex, full duplex, simplex). Common types include internal and external modems. Modems work by modulating digital signals onto analog carriers for transmission and demodulating the signals back to digital on the receiving end. Modem speeds have increased significantly over time from 300 bps in the 1960s to 56 kbps in 1998 and up to 8 mbps with technologies like ADS
Overview of Modem
This document provides an overview of modems, including:
- Their history dating back to the 1950s for air defense communication needs.
- Their function of modulating digital data to analog signals for transmission and demodulating analog signals back to digital data.
- The main types based on connection, transmission mode, and speed of data transmission.
- The basic modulation techniques used including ASK, FSK, and PSK.
Modem technology
Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem convertsbetween these two forms.
Different Types of Modem
A modem modulates and demodulates signals to encode digital data for transmission over phone lines. There are different types of modems including half duplex and full duplex models, as well as 2-wire and 4-wire models for connections. Modems can also operate asynchronously by synchronizing to start/stop bits or synchronously using a clock signal to transmit a continuous stream of data bits.
Presentation
- Modems allow computers to transmit digital data over analog telephone lines by modulating and demodulating digital signals. They convert digital signals to audio tones that can be transmitted and received by telephone networks.
- There are three main types of modems: external modems connected via cable, internal modems installed inside computers, and PC Card modems that fit into slots on portable computers.
- When connecting, one modem modulates digital data into audio tones to send over phone lines, while the receiving modem demodulates the tones back into digital data for the receiving computer. Checksums ensure accurate data transmission.
Modem
A modem is a device that allows computers to transmit data over telephone lines by converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa. Modems can be external, connecting to computers through serial or USB ports, or internal, inserting directly into expansion slots inside computers. Modem standards have evolved from early speeds of 300 bps up to 56 kbps with V.90 and V.92 standards, and modem types include cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN modems, and wireless modems.
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high speed modem
The document discusses high speed modems, specifically 56K modems. It introduces modems and their function in modulating and demodulating data for transmission. It then discusses the development of 56K modems that could transmit data at speeds up to 56Kbps asymmetrically, uploading at lower speeds than downloading. The working of these modems required pairs to transmit data over analog phone lines, with conversions that could impact speed. Limitations like bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and conversions affected the maximum speeds modems could achieve. For a 56K modem to reach its specified speeds, certain requirements had to be met regarding interference, computer processing power, firmware, ISP equipment compatibility and use of digital lines
Modem
Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received data. They are used for data conversion. Modems can be classified based on their range (short haul, voice grade, wide band), the type of line used (dialup, leased), and their operation mode (half duplex, full duplex, simplex). Common types include internal and external modems. Modems work by modulating digital signals onto analog carriers for transmission and demodulating the signals back to digital on the receiving end. Modem speeds have increased significantly over time from 300 bps in the 1960s to 56 kbps in 1998 and up to 8 mbps with technologies like ADS
Overview of Modem
This document provides an overview of modems, including:
- Their history dating back to the 1950s for air defense communication needs.
- Their function of modulating digital data to analog signals for transmission and demodulating analog signals back to digital data.
- The main types based on connection, transmission mode, and speed of data transmission.
- The basic modulation techniques used including ASK, FSK, and PSK.
Modem technology
Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. A modem convertsbetween these two forms.
Different Types of Modem
A modem modulates and demodulates signals to encode digital data for transmission over phone lines. There are different types of modems including half duplex and full duplex models, as well as 2-wire and 4-wire models for connections. Modems can also operate asynchronously by synchronizing to start/stop bits or synchronously using a clock signal to transmit a continuous stream of data bits.
Presentation
- Modems allow computers to transmit digital data over analog telephone lines by modulating and demodulating digital signals. They convert digital signals to audio tones that can be transmitted and received by telephone networks.
- There are three main types of modems: external modems connected via cable, internal modems installed inside computers, and PC Card modems that fit into slots on portable computers.
- When connecting, one modem modulates digital data into audio tones to send over phone lines, while the receiving modem demodulates the tones back into digital data for the receiving computer. Checksums ensure accurate data transmission.
Modem
A modem is a device that allows computers to transmit data over telephone lines by converting digital signals to analog signals and vice versa. Modems can be external, connecting to computers through serial or USB ports, or internal, inserting directly into expansion slots inside computers. Modem standards have evolved from early speeds of 300 bps up to 56 kbps with V.90 and V.92 standards, and modem types include cable modems, DSL modems, ISDN modems, and wireless modems.
Presentation on modem
A modem is a device that modulates analog signals to transmit digital data and demodulates received analog signals to reconstruct the original digital data. It has a transmitter that converts digital to analog, a receiver that converts analog to digital, and a control unit that handles functions like auto-dialing. Modems use various modulation techniques like amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. They are classified by operation mode, synchronization method, transmission medium, and modulation technique. Newer technologies like DSL provide higher speeds over telephone lines than traditional modems.
Modem | A Quick Preview
It is one of my semester project presentation along with my group members, of subject Data Communication, which covers a brief intro about all the vital things related to the modems.
Presentation on Modem working procedures
A modem modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other digital device to analog signals for a conventional copper twisted pair telephone line and demodulates the incoming analog signal and converts it to a digital signal for the digital device.
The word modem is an acronym for modulator-demodulator. Basically, a modem is used for transmitting and receiving data over a communication channel, such as twisted-pair telephone lines, coaxial cables, and optical fibers. Currently the purpose of a modem is to convert a computer’s data stream to analog format so that it can be transmitted over the analog telephone line.
At the source, modulation techniques are used to convert digital
Data (0’s and 1’s) into analog form for transmission across the channel. At the destination, the received analog signal is converted to digital data via demodulation. This is a simplified explanation of how a modem works, and there are other issues that require attention; such as channel impairments, encryption, error detection/correction, data compression, modulation, handshake negotiation, and echo cancellation. These features will be discussed a bit later.
Types of Computer Modem
A modem is a device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines. It converts digital data from a computer into analog signals to transmit over phone lines, and vice versa when receiving data. A pair of modems is needed for communication - one at each end to convert between analog and digital. There are two main types - external modems are separate devices connected to a computer via serial cable, while internal modems are installed inside the computer using an expansion slot. Both transmit digital data from the computer by modulating it onto an analog carrier signal to send over phone lines, then demodulate the signal back to digital on the receiving end.
Network modem
Modems allow computers to transfer data over telephone or cable lines by converting digital signals to analog and vice versa. They come in internal and external varieties and support different transmission speeds like 56kbps for X2 modems and 64kbps for ISDN. Common modem types are X2, V.90, ISDN, DSL, and cable which use different connection technologies to transmit data at varying speeds over phone lines or cable infrastructure. Proper installation and safety precautions should be followed when installing a modem.
MODEM INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
The document discusses modems, including their features, types, standards, installation, configuration, and troubleshooting. A modem modulates and demodulates signals to allow computers to transfer data over phone or cable lines. Common modem types include internal, external, 56K, ISDN, DSL, cable, and USB modems. Standards like V.90, V.92, and V.34 define modulation techniques for high-speed data transmission. Best practices for installing a modem include reading documentation, using anti-static protection, and testing the modem once configured.
Introduction to modem
Modems enable computers to connect over telephone lines using modulation and demodulation techniques. Early modems in the 1950s operated at speeds up to 300 bps and were used to connect remote terminals to mainframe computers. Through the 1980s and 1990s, modem speeds increased to 14.4 kbps and 56 kbps, allowing individuals to connect to remote systems and the emerging Internet to download software and participate in online discussions. Modern alternatives to analog modems include cable modems, DSL, and fiber optic connections, providing speeds of over 1 Mbps. Cable and DSL use existing coaxial cable and telephone lines respectively but provide higher speeds than traditional modems.
Seminar
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and modems. It explains that the internet was first developed by the US military in 1979 and later opened to the public in the early 1990s. It then describes how modems allow users to connect to the internet by converting digital signals to analog signals that can be transmitted over phone lines. Finally, it outlines different types of modems including cable modems, wireless modems, and differences between DSL and broadband connections.
Modem presentation
The document discusses modems and their functions. It begins with listing group members and an index of topics to be covered. It then defines a modem as a device that modulates and demodulates signals to transmit digital data over analog channels. Modems are classified by transmission speed and examples are given. The document outlines the history of modems and defines types including external, internal, standard, intelligent, short-haul, and wireless. It describes the purpose of modems in converting digital to analog signals for transmission and discusses modem functions like error correction and data compression. Security and references are mentioned at the end.
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Software Modem Working Mechanism
This presentation discusses software modems. It introduces modems and their functions, including modulating and demodulating analog signals to encode and decode digital data. It describes how software modems use frequency-shift keying and connect to phone lines. The presentation covers the types of modems, their system architecture with interrupt handlers, methods for system integration and testing, examples of cable modems, and advantages like upgradability and portability and disadvantages like slowing host computers.
Wireless electronic notice board using rf
Wireless electronic notice boards have been designed to eliminate the manual work of updating notices across multiple boards. At the transmitter end, a user types messages using a keyboard which are encoded and transmitted via RF to any number of receiver boards. The receiver decodes the RF signals and displays the messages on an electronic screen, providing a faster and more reliable way to share notices throughout a school or college campus.
Report on modem
The document provides an overview of modems, including their history, classification, types, and modulation techniques. It discusses how modems originated to allow teletype machines to connect over phone lines instead of leased lines. It classifies modems based on range, data rate, line type, operation mode, and synchronization. It also describes the differences between internal and external modems and how modulation techniques like AM, QAM, FM, CPM, and PM work to transmit digital data over analog phone lines.
45039336 rs232
RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between two devices over short distances. It specifies voltages between +15V and -15V to represent logical 1 and 0 values. Data is transmitted as a start bit, 7 data bits, and a stop bit at predefined baud rates. The 25-pin connector assigns specific signals like transmit, receive and ground to designated pins. While RS-232 allows communication, it is limited in speed due to its analog nature.
Rs-232 by Foysal
RS-232 is a serial communication standard introduced in 1962 that defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals used in computer serial ports. It uses a bi-directional point-to-point architecture to establish two independent channels for full duplex communication and can also carry additional control signals. While RS-232 was commonly used to connect computers to modems and printers, its limitations in speed and large connectors led to the development of newer standards like USB.
Rs232 protocal
This document summarizes serial data communication using the RS-232 standard. It provides an introduction to RS-232, including its history from 1962 and applications connecting devices like modems and printers. The standard defines electrical characteristics and timing for serial data transmission. Limitations include limited transmission speed and large connectors. The document examines RS-232 pins used for handshaking signals to coordinate data transfer and lists advantages like long transmission distances but also disadvantages like lower speed and need for separate transceiver chips.
Rs 232 interface
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment, originally defined as data communication equipment[1]), such as a modem. The RS-232 standard is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997.
Max 232
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that converts between TTL/CMOS and EIA-232 voltage levels to allow RS-232 communication over longer distances and higher speeds than the RS-232 standard specifications. It includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply the necessary EIA-232 voltages from a single 5V supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels, while each driver converts TTL/CMOS inputs to EIA-232 levels.
I2C-SPI-UART Basics || Embedded System || Hariharan K
All the images used in my presentation are belonging to their respective owners. I do not own any copyright.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> A presentation on Embedded System Interfaces in theoretical aspects.
>> I2C, SPI and UART had been discussed here.
>> Prepared for my M.Tech Seminar for Semester 2 subject named, "High-Speed Digital Design"
>> Guided by Mr Jeyaraj U Kidav, Scientist/Engineer 'D', National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Calicut
Embedded real time-systems communication
The document discusses communication interfaces for embedded systems. It provides reasons why embedded systems require communication interfaces, such as to send data to a host for analysis or to communicate with other embedded systems. Common interface standards discussed include RS-232, which defines serial communication electrical characteristics and connectors, and RS-422, which uses balanced differential signaling for longer transmission distances. A UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is used to convert between parallel and serial formats and works with these standards, sometimes requiring a level shifter to meet voltage requirements. Limitations of RS-232 include high power consumption and limited noise immunity/distance due to single-ended signaling.
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This document discusses different types of communication channels. It describes wireline channels like twisted pair and coaxial cable. It covers fiber optic channels and their advantages over coaxial cables. It also explains wireless electromagnetic channels, including ground wave propagation, skywave propagation, and line of sight propagation. Additionally, it discusses underwater acoustic channels and their challenges. Finally, it lists some common modulation methods used for underwater acoustic communications.
Acoustic communication using ofdm
hai.. friends.I think it may helpful to understanding the concept of acoustic communication using OFDM
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Presentation on modem
A modem is a device that modulates analog signals to transmit digital data and demodulates received analog signals to reconstruct the original digital data. It has a transmitter that converts digital to analog, a receiver that converts analog to digital, and a control unit that handles functions like auto-dialing. Modems use various modulation techniques like amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation. They are classified by operation mode, synchronization method, transmission medium, and modulation technique. Newer technologies like DSL provide higher speeds over telephone lines than traditional modems.
Modem | A Quick Preview
It is one of my semester project presentation along with my group members, of subject Data Communication, which covers a brief intro about all the vital things related to the modems.
Presentation on Modem working procedures
A modem modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other digital device to analog signals for a conventional copper twisted pair telephone line and demodulates the incoming analog signal and converts it to a digital signal for the digital device.
The word modem is an acronym for modulator-demodulator. Basically, a modem is used for transmitting and receiving data over a communication channel, such as twisted-pair telephone lines, coaxial cables, and optical fibers. Currently the purpose of a modem is to convert a computer’s data stream to analog format so that it can be transmitted over the analog telephone line.
At the source, modulation techniques are used to convert digital
Data (0’s and 1’s) into analog form for transmission across the channel. At the destination, the received analog signal is converted to digital data via demodulation. This is a simplified explanation of how a modem works, and there are other issues that require attention; such as channel impairments, encryption, error detection/correction, data compression, modulation, handshake negotiation, and echo cancellation. These features will be discussed a bit later.
Types of Computer Modem
A modem is a device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines. It converts digital data from a computer into analog signals to transmit over phone lines, and vice versa when receiving data. A pair of modems is needed for communication - one at each end to convert between analog and digital. There are two main types - external modems are separate devices connected to a computer via serial cable, while internal modems are installed inside the computer using an expansion slot. Both transmit digital data from the computer by modulating it onto an analog carrier signal to send over phone lines, then demodulate the signal back to digital on the receiving end.
Network modem
Modems allow computers to transfer data over telephone or cable lines by converting digital signals to analog and vice versa. They come in internal and external varieties and support different transmission speeds like 56kbps for X2 modems and 64kbps for ISDN. Common modem types are X2, V.90, ISDN, DSL, and cable which use different connection technologies to transmit data at varying speeds over phone lines or cable infrastructure. Proper installation and safety precautions should be followed when installing a modem.
MODEM INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
The document discusses modems, including their features, types, standards, installation, configuration, and troubleshooting. A modem modulates and demodulates signals to allow computers to transfer data over phone or cable lines. Common modem types include internal, external, 56K, ISDN, DSL, cable, and USB modems. Standards like V.90, V.92, and V.34 define modulation techniques for high-speed data transmission. Best practices for installing a modem include reading documentation, using anti-static protection, and testing the modem once configured.
Introduction to modem
Modems enable computers to connect over telephone lines using modulation and demodulation techniques. Early modems in the 1950s operated at speeds up to 300 bps and were used to connect remote terminals to mainframe computers. Through the 1980s and 1990s, modem speeds increased to 14.4 kbps and 56 kbps, allowing individuals to connect to remote systems and the emerging Internet to download software and participate in online discussions. Modern alternatives to analog modems include cable modems, DSL, and fiber optic connections, providing speeds of over 1 Mbps. Cable and DSL use existing coaxial cable and telephone lines respectively but provide higher speeds than traditional modems.
Seminar
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and modems. It explains that the internet was first developed by the US military in 1979 and later opened to the public in the early 1990s. It then describes how modems allow users to connect to the internet by converting digital signals to analog signals that can be transmitted over phone lines. Finally, it outlines different types of modems including cable modems, wireless modems, and differences between DSL and broadband connections.
Modem presentation
The document discusses modems and their functions. It begins with listing group members and an index of topics to be covered. It then defines a modem as a device that modulates and demodulates signals to transmit digital data over analog channels. Modems are classified by transmission speed and examples are given. The document outlines the history of modems and defines types including external, internal, standard, intelligent, short-haul, and wireless. It describes the purpose of modems in converting digital to analog signals for transmission and discusses modem functions like error correction and data compression. Security and references are mentioned at the end.
RF PROJECT REVIEW
This document describes an RF-based wireless notice board system that allows information to be transmitted and displayed without wired connections. The system uses an Arduino board, RF transmitter and receiver modules, and an LCD display. At the transmitter, a message entered on a PC or laptop is sent via the Arduino and RF module. The receiver section uses an Arduino, RF module and LCD to display the received message wirelessly. The wireless notice board provides flexibility compared to wired boards and reduces human effort in updating messages at multiple locations.
Software Modem Working Mechanism
This presentation discusses software modems. It introduces modems and their functions, including modulating and demodulating analog signals to encode and decode digital data. It describes how software modems use frequency-shift keying and connect to phone lines. The presentation covers the types of modems, their system architecture with interrupt handlers, methods for system integration and testing, examples of cable modems, and advantages like upgradability and portability and disadvantages like slowing host computers.
Wireless electronic notice board using rf
Wireless electronic notice boards have been designed to eliminate the manual work of updating notices across multiple boards. At the transmitter end, a user types messages using a keyboard which are encoded and transmitted via RF to any number of receiver boards. The receiver decodes the RF signals and displays the messages on an electronic screen, providing a faster and more reliable way to share notices throughout a school or college campus.
Report on modem
The document provides an overview of modems, including their history, classification, types, and modulation techniques. It discusses how modems originated to allow teletype machines to connect over phone lines instead of leased lines. It classifies modems based on range, data rate, line type, operation mode, and synchronization. It also describes the differences between internal and external modems and how modulation techniques like AM, QAM, FM, CPM, and PM work to transmit digital data over analog phone lines.
45039336 rs232
RS-232 is a standard for serial communication between two devices over short distances. It specifies voltages between +15V and -15V to represent logical 1 and 0 values. Data is transmitted as a start bit, 7 data bits, and a stop bit at predefined baud rates. The 25-pin connector assigns specific signals like transmit, receive and ground to designated pins. While RS-232 allows communication, it is limited in speed due to its analog nature.
Rs-232 by Foysal
RS-232 is a serial communication standard introduced in 1962 that defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals used in computer serial ports. It uses a bi-directional point-to-point architecture to establish two independent channels for full duplex communication and can also carry additional control signals. While RS-232 was commonly used to connect computers to modems and printers, its limitations in speed and large connectors led to the development of newer standards like USB.
Rs232 protocal
This document summarizes serial data communication using the RS-232 standard. It provides an introduction to RS-232, including its history from 1962 and applications connecting devices like modems and printers. The standard defines electrical characteristics and timing for serial data transmission. Limitations include limited transmission speed and large connectors. The document examines RS-232 pins used for handshaking signals to coordinate data transfer and lists advantages like long transmission distances but also disadvantages like lower speed and need for separate transceiver chips.
Rs 232 interface
In telecommunications, RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines the signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment, originally defined as data communication equipment[1]), such as a modem. The RS-232 standard is commonly used in computer serial ports. The standard defines the electrical characteristics and timing of signals, the meaning of signals, and the physical size and pinout of connectors. The current version of the standard is TIA-232-F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange, issued in 1997.
Max 232
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that converts between TTL/CMOS and EIA-232 voltage levels to allow RS-232 communication over longer distances and higher speeds than the RS-232 standard specifications. It includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply the necessary EIA-232 voltages from a single 5V supply. Each receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels, while each driver converts TTL/CMOS inputs to EIA-232 levels.
I2C-SPI-UART Basics || Embedded System || Hariharan K
All the images used in my presentation are belonging to their respective owners. I do not own any copyright.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>> A presentation on Embedded System Interfaces in theoretical aspects.
>> I2C, SPI and UART had been discussed here.
>> Prepared for my M.Tech Seminar for Semester 2 subject named, "High-Speed Digital Design"
>> Guided by Mr Jeyaraj U Kidav, Scientist/Engineer 'D', National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Calicut
Embedded real time-systems communication
The document discusses communication interfaces for embedded systems. It provides reasons why embedded systems require communication interfaces, such as to send data to a host for analysis or to communicate with other embedded systems. Common interface standards discussed include RS-232, which defines serial communication electrical characteristics and connectors, and RS-422, which uses balanced differential signaling for longer transmission distances. A UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is used to convert between parallel and serial formats and works with these standards, sometimes requiring a level shifter to meet voltage requirements. Limitations of RS-232 include high power consumption and limited noise immunity/distance due to single-ended signaling.
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The document discusses modems, including their functions, components, types, features, standards, and installation. Specifically:
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The document discusses modems and their functions. It begins by defining a modem as a device that modulates and demodulates signals to allow computers to communicate over telephone lines. It then describes the main components of a modem:
1. Modulation: The process of varying a carrier signal to encode digital data for transmission.
2. Demodulation: The process of extracting the original digital data from the received modulated carrier signal.
3. Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion: Processes that allow analog signals to be transmitted over phone lines by converting between analog and digital formats.
The document goes on to discuss different types of modulation, demodulation, and conversion techniques in more detail.
Networking Concepts Lesson 11 - Enterprise & Distributed Networks - Eric Vand...
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2010fall ch8 18ulziisuren
This document discusses various access technologies used for broadband internet connections, including DSL, cable, wireless, and microwave radio systems. It describes technologies like ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, and DOCSIS that provide internet access over existing telephone lines or cable infrastructure. Wireless options like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, MMDS, and 3G cellular are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of microwave radio systems, discussing technologies like parabolic antennas, repeaters, multipath fading, and environmental factors that can impact microwave signals.
Li Fi technology
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It was coined by Harald Haas at the University of Edinburgh in 2011. Li-Fi provides higher speeds and more bandwidth than Wi-Fi, with the added benefit of not interfering with other wireless networks. Li-Fi works by varying the rate at which an LED light flickers on and off, which encodes data. Products like Li-Fi 1st and Li-Flame have been developed to transmit data through LED lights at speeds up to 5Mbps downlink and 5Mbps uplink within a range of 3 meters. Solar Li-Fi uses existing LED lights and solar panels to transmit
final presentation
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Chapter 3 2-remote_network_design - Network Design
Modems convert digital data to analog signals and vice versa, allowing digital devices like computers to communicate over analog networks. Remote access servers (RAS) terminate connections from remote users and prepare data for transmission over packet networks, enabling services like remote access, VoIP, and virtual private networks. However, current RAS equipment has limitations in channel density, power consumption, and processing capability that will reduce their usefulness for newer applications.
Lifi data transmission
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It is a bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communication technology. Li-Fi uses visible light communication and is similar to Wi-Fi but uses light rather than radio waves. The document discusses the history, working, advantages and applications of Li-Fi such as in hospitals, power plants, and dense urban environments. It provides comparisons with Wi-Fi and discusses challenges and the future scope of Li-Fi technology.
Communication over modem by anam younas
This document discusses computer modems and their use in network communication. It explains that a modem converts digital data to analog signals for transmission over phone lines and vice versa. It describes different types of modems, their requirements, and how they connect computers via telephone lines to provide internet access and transfer of data and information over distance.
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The document discusses various networking devices including hubs, switches, and modems. It provides details on how each device works, types of each device, their applications and merits and demerits. Hubs connect devices on a network but do not filter or manage traffic. Switches can filter traffic and improve network performance by sending data only to its destination port. Modems modulate digital signals for transmission over phone lines and are used to connect networks across long distances.
wireless notice board using RF communication
Within a distance of 30 meters the data can be trasmitted or can be recieved using radio frequency range with wireless manner.
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The document outlines an agenda for a site coordinator training on videoconferencing. It covers various topics including different videoconferencing technologies and standards like H.320 and H.323; components of an H.323 system like gatekeepers and MCUs; considerations for networking including switches vs hubs and duplex mismatch; and duties of a site coordinator.
IMPROVING WORK EFFICIENCY BY REDUCING INTERFACE NOISE GENERATION EXPERIENCED ...
This document discusses reducing interface noise when connecting an Arduino microcontroller to industrial equipment using the Modbus protocol. The research aims to design hardware and software to reduce noise levels to an acceptable level, allowing an Arduino-based device to function efficiently within industrial automation systems as a lower-cost alternative to existing Modbus slave devices. The prototype connects sensors and an Arduino board to industrial equipment, isolating digital and analog signals to address electromagnetic interference through circuitry design. This allows customizing the Arduino-based Modbus slave according to industrial application requirements with improved performance and reduced costs.
Communication System Devices
The document discusses various communication devices and interfaces used for computer networking. It describes how modems modulate digital signals to analog for transmission over telephone lines and demodulate the analog signals back to digital. The RS-232C interface standard defines electrical signaling and connections between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) like computers and Data Communication Equipment (DCE) like modems. Multiplexers combine multiple signals for transmission over high-speed lines and separate them at the receiving end.
Ethernet and LIFI
Ethernet was invented in the 1970s at Xerox PARC and was later commercialized. It is a widely used wired networking technology that uses bus topology and CSMA/CD protocol to allow multiple devices to share bandwidth on the same network. Li-Fi is a new wireless technology that uses visible light communication through LED lights to transmit data, providing a potential alternative to Wi-Fi that has benefits like higher speeds, more bandwidth availability, and better security. It was introduced in 2011 and companies are working to commercialize Li-Fi products and networks. Potential applications include use in places where radio signals cannot be used safely or are restricted.
Low power wireless technologies for connecting embedded sensors in the IoT: A...
Embedded sensors are enabling a wide range of emerging smart services in domains ranging from
healthcare to smart homes and cities. They are waiting to be connected to the internet and rapidly
becoming crucial components of a valuable Internet of Things (IoT).
The variety of wireless sensor system applications demands appropriate wireless connectivity.
Several new technologies and standards are popping up, fit for short or large range, and various data
rate requirements. Dedicated networks are being deployed for Machine Type Communication.
This tutorial will bring a theoretical and practical initiation of wireless technologies tailored for connecting
embedded sensors. It will explain fundamental concepts of wireless propagation, highlighting the
challenges and opportunities to realize low power connections. Several actual technologies and
standards for different categories of connections will be introduced. A few illustrative use cases will be
presented. A hands-on session will allow the participants to experiment with EFM32 Happy Gecko
developer boards, cooperating in small teams. In a final session, a glance at future trends will be
given. The tutorial will be concluded with an overview of interesting relevant resources and a discussion
with the participants on the expectations for follow up beyond the tutorial.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
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