International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
concrete basic for civil engineer
about concrete prporiec
fild test
vipration on site
site quality control
First batch of concrete each day
Whenever the consistency of concrete appears to vary
Whenever strength-test cylinders are made at jobsite
Placement lines are dark lines on the formed surface at the boundary between adjacent batches of concrete. Generally, they indicate that the vibrator was not lowered far enough to penetrate the layer below the one being vibrated.
Cold joints —Delays in concreting can result in cold joints. To avoid cold joints, placing should be resumedsubstantially before the time of initial set. For unusually long delays during concreting, the concrete should be kept live by periodically revibrating it. Concrete should be vibrated at approximately 15 minute intervals or less, depending upon job conditions. Concrete should not be over vibrated to the point of causing segregation. Furthermore, should the concrete approach time of initial setting, vibration should be discontinued and the concrete should be allowed to harden. A cold joint will result, and suitable surface preparation measures should be applied
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
concrete basic for civil engineer
about concrete prporiec
fild test
vipration on site
site quality control
First batch of concrete each day
Whenever the consistency of concrete appears to vary
Whenever strength-test cylinders are made at jobsite
Placement lines are dark lines on the formed surface at the boundary between adjacent batches of concrete. Generally, they indicate that the vibrator was not lowered far enough to penetrate the layer below the one being vibrated.
Cold joints —Delays in concreting can result in cold joints. To avoid cold joints, placing should be resumedsubstantially before the time of initial set. For unusually long delays during concreting, the concrete should be kept live by periodically revibrating it. Concrete should be vibrated at approximately 15 minute intervals or less, depending upon job conditions. Concrete should not be over vibrated to the point of causing segregation. Furthermore, should the concrete approach time of initial setting, vibration should be discontinued and the concrete should be allowed to harden. A cold joint will result, and suitable surface preparation measures should be applied
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
Building Materials and Concrete Technology Unit 3DineshGunturu1
Fresh Concrete-Manufacture of concrete – Mixing and vibration of concrete, Workability – Segregation and bleeding – Factors affecting workability, Measurement of workability by different tests, Effect of time and temperature on workability – Quality of mixing water, Ready mix concrete, Shotcrete
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Rheology of Fresh Self Compacted Concrete - Concrete Shear Box_ Ajay and Dr.G...ajay nagaraj
Flow characterization and controlling fresh property of SCC is most critical. Even slight variations in ingredients can have adverse effect on fresh properties; strength and durability of hardened concrete. The material science approach to study rheological properties is essential in order to overcome the paucity posed while characterizing mixes by empirical methods such as the slump flow test.
In the present work, the Bingham parameters of SCC were assessed by using the new concrete shear box. The mixes were designed considering volume of paste based on absolute volume concept. Three different volumes of pastes (0.38, 0.40 and 0.42) with water contents of 170 and 190 lt/m3 and cement contents of 300 and 450 kg/m3 along with slag as filler was used. A unique test procedure was followed, by applying low normal stresses of 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 MPa with three different displacement rates of 1, 5 and 15mm/min under static condition. The results indicate that the new concrete shear box shall effectively put to use, as an additional tool for evaluating the rheological properties of SCC viz., yield stress and plastic viscosity
Optimization Model for Refinery Hydrogen Networks Part IIJERA Editor
Petroleum refineries have many process units that consume hydrogen.These process units are distributed in different places everywhere in the refinery.In order to feed them, it is necessary to have sources capable of supplying, in amount and quality, the hydrogen that every consuming unit needs.It is also needed to have a distribution network that it is correctly designed and which operation is adjusted in an optimal manner to the changing conditions of the refinery.This involves the minimization of the cost of installation and operation of the hydrogen network.The installation cost is dominated by the amount of pipelines, compressors and purifying units; while the cost of operation is dominated by the amount of fresh hydrogen that the plant consumes.In this work a mathematical model is developed for a hydrogen network,which is adapted to the different information levels available in the different stages of design of that system.The model is currently in use in the YPFLuján de Cuyo refinery (Mendoza, Argentina). In this first part, the basic model is presented; whereas in a second part, the model is enlarged to accommodate the incorporation of purifying units and new compressors.
Building Materials and Concrete Technology Unit 3DineshGunturu1
Fresh Concrete-Manufacture of concrete – Mixing and vibration of concrete, Workability – Segregation and bleeding – Factors affecting workability, Measurement of workability by different tests, Effect of time and temperature on workability – Quality of mixing water, Ready mix concrete, Shotcrete
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE USING GGBS WITH PARTIAL RE...Ijripublishers Ijri
Concrete is Most widely used construction Material in the Modern Era because of its good Compressive strength and
high durability. As we know Concrete comprises a Mixture of cement, sand (fine aggregate), course aggregate and water
which makes up normal plain concrete, to increase the strength of concrete we can design the mix with greater Flexibility,
but the problems Arises in structure as load age, increaseof floors which demands increase of high strength concrete
and more steel. So, especially at the beams, columns joints heavy reinforcement meshing is done so that it becomes If
the concrete is not compacted then strength may not be achieved, so the solution for the problem is SCC which we call
it asself-compacting concrete. Were this SCC has ability to compact by itself Gravity and self-flow ability same strength
can be Here in the research, it is carried out self-compaction concrete to improve strength & make concrete economical
so, a mix is dispend of M30,M40 Grades with adding chemical admixture named poly carboxylic ether (ADVA960) , a
Retarder Basically Which also increases strength and workability &replacing cement with GGBS (Ground Granulated
Blast Furnace Slag) 40%&50% .The tests are carried out to find the increase in strength by adding chemical admixture &
replacing GGBS 40% & 50%.By the chemical admixture adding up to 2% Max were previous strength shows that adding
of chemical admixture greater than 2% which results to increase the initial setting time and decrease in the w/c ratio.
Test will be conducted for 3,7,28 days find the increase of strength and its other properties
Rheology of Fresh Self Compacted Concrete - Concrete Shear Box_ Ajay and Dr.G...ajay nagaraj
Flow characterization and controlling fresh property of SCC is most critical. Even slight variations in ingredients can have adverse effect on fresh properties; strength and durability of hardened concrete. The material science approach to study rheological properties is essential in order to overcome the paucity posed while characterizing mixes by empirical methods such as the slump flow test.
In the present work, the Bingham parameters of SCC were assessed by using the new concrete shear box. The mixes were designed considering volume of paste based on absolute volume concept. Three different volumes of pastes (0.38, 0.40 and 0.42) with water contents of 170 and 190 lt/m3 and cement contents of 300 and 450 kg/m3 along with slag as filler was used. A unique test procedure was followed, by applying low normal stresses of 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 MPa with three different displacement rates of 1, 5 and 15mm/min under static condition. The results indicate that the new concrete shear box shall effectively put to use, as an additional tool for evaluating the rheological properties of SCC viz., yield stress and plastic viscosity
Optimization Model for Refinery Hydrogen Networks Part IIJERA Editor
Petroleum refineries have many process units that consume hydrogen.These process units are distributed in different places everywhere in the refinery.In order to feed them, it is necessary to have sources capable of supplying, in amount and quality, the hydrogen that every consuming unit needs.It is also needed to have a distribution network that it is correctly designed and which operation is adjusted in an optimal manner to the changing conditions of the refinery.This involves the minimization of the cost of installation and operation of the hydrogen network.The installation cost is dominated by the amount of pipelines, compressors and purifying units; while the cost of operation is dominated by the amount of fresh hydrogen that the plant consumes.In this work a mathematical model is developed for a hydrogen network,which is adapted to the different information levels available in the different stages of design of that system.The model is currently in use in the YPFLuján de Cuyo refinery (Mendoza, Argentina). In this first part, the basic model is presented; whereas in a second part, the model is enlarged to accommodate the incorporation of purifying units and new compressors.
Modified Headfirst Sliding Routing: A Time-Based Routing Scheme for Bus-Nochy...IJERA Editor
Several interesting topologies emerge by incorporating the third dimension in networks-on-chip (NoC). The Network-on-Chip (NoC) is Network-version of System on-Chip (SoC) means that on-chip communication is done through packet based networks. In NOC topology, routing algorithm and switching are main terminology .The routing algorithm is one of the key factor in NOC architecture. The routing algorithm, which defines as the path taken by a packet between the source and the destination. A good routing algorithm is necessary to improve the network performance. . Here we are proposing a new architecture to improve the throughput and latency of the network. In the proposed approach we are using a fixed path for the packet to transmit from source to destination
Pixel Based Fusion Methods for Concealed Weapon DetectionIJERA Editor
Concealed Weapon Detection(CWD) is the detection of weapons underneath a person’s clothing which is an important obstacle for the security of general public as well as safety of public assets like airports and buildings. Concealed weapons such as handbags , knives and explosives are detected using manual screening procedures. It is desirable to detect the concealed weapons from a far off distance at airports and other secured places. A number of sensors with different phenomenology have been developed to observe objects underneath’s persons clothing. As no single technology provide improved performance in CWD applications, different image fusion schemes based on pixel level is proposed . Image obtained from visual camera does not reveal any information hidden under persons clothing whereas MWM image obtained from MWM (Millimeter Wave Imaging )sensor reveal clothing penetration underneath persons cloth but cannot identify the person. In this paper fusion of MWM image with visible image based on pixels is proposed. Experimental results reveal that fused image can identify the person with concealed weapons. Performance metrics such as standard deviation, entropy and cross entropy is calculated and from simulation results it is observed that PCA based fusion method is similar to DWT based fusion scheme.
Effect of fibers on Hybrid Matrix CompositesIJERA Editor
Frictional co-efficient, impact quality; dielectric quality and compound resistance examination of bamboo/glass strands strengthened epoxy half breed composites were considered. Two distinctive crossover composites, for example, treated and untreated bamboo filaments were manufactured and impact of soluble base treatment of the bamboo strands on these properties were additionally concentrated on. It was watched that, effect quality and frictional co-proficient properties of the half and half composites increment with expansion in glass fiber content. These properties observed to be higher when salt treated bamboo filaments were utilized as a part of the half breed composites. It is watched that, concoction resistance was fundamentally increments for all chemicals with the exception of carbon tetrachloride. The disposal of nebulous hemi-cellulose with salt treatment prompting higher crystallinity of the bamboo filaments with antacid treatment may in charge of these perceptions. The impact of salt treatment on the holding between glass/bamboo composites was additionally concentrated on. Checking electron magnifying lens (SEM) were additionally directed on the cross segments of broke surfaces with a specific end goal to rate the execution crossover composites were likewise conferred bear natural products
Improving Impact Strength Recovery of Fractured and Healed Rice Husks Fibre R...IJERA Editor
Rice husks fibre reinforced polypropylene composite (rhfrpc) is a natural plant fibre reinforced polymer composite having advantages of high strength, light weight and affordability. They are commonly used for light load structural and non structural applications. They are mainly used as particle boards, for fencing post, roofing tiles, for interiors of car and aircrafts among other usages. This material once cracked by impact forces cannot be repaired using traditional repair methods for engineering materials such as metals or other composites that can be repaired by welding or by patch repair methods respectively, thus a method of repair of rice husks fibre reinforced polypropylene composites by refilling the damaged volume by injection of various healing agents has been investigated. The composite coupons were produced by injection moulding, cooled sufficiently and prepared for charpy impact tests. Test results for pristine coupons were a maximum of 48 J/mm2 . The destroyed coupons were then subjected to healing in a fabricated healing fixture. Healing agents such as epoxy resin, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and tannin gum have been investigated for their use as possible healing agents to fill the damaged volume and perform healing action at the fractured surfaces. The impact test results were recorded and compared with those of unhealed pristine coupons. The recovered strengths were a maximum of 60 J/mm2 translating into a 125% impact strength recovery, and this is good enough for the healed composites to be recommended for reuse in their second lives of their respective original functions.
Energy Efficient Bit Extension Type Accelerator Chip for Detection AlgorithmsIJERA Editor
This paper presents an energy efficient bit extension type accelerator chip that targets decoding tasks of MIMO(Multiple input multiple output) - orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The work is motivated by the adoption of MIMO and OFDM by almost all existing and emerging high-speed wireless data communication systems. MIMO is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver). MIMO decoder or sometimes called MIMO equalizer detects or decodes or recovers the transmitted signals from multiple antennas. MIMO decoding process for a certain application is hard and time consuming. This motivates the need for a programmable accelerator block to implement the MIMO decoder task as fast and easy application. In this paper proposing a new pipeline architecture in arithmetic units inside the processing core of accelerator chip. The proposed architecture can perform with higher frequency with the help of pipeline structure and also improving the speed of operation of rotation unit with a new arithmetic rotation unit instead of native CORDIC algorithm. This proposed architecture helps to reduce dynamic power consumption. The accelerator is an ideal solution for today’s smart phones that implement multiple MIMO-OFDM waveforms on the same platform.
Preparation of Firefighting Hood for Cooling for Phase Change MaterialsIJERA Editor
There are two types of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) which have been developed and adopted in textiles: heat (energy released) and cool (energy absorbed). This paper discusses current PCM applications and explores future applications in firefighting gear. Phase change materials are considered latent heat storage units because as they change phase from solid to liquid, liquid to gas and vice versa, energy in the form of heat is absorbed or released. The goal of PCM textiles is to create reusable energy to maintain body temperature, as well as to optimize the performance of protective wear such as hoods. When the wearer’s body temperature increases or decreases, the PCMs applied to the fabric will change state helping to regulate the wearer’s body temperature by providing warmth or cooling. Maintaining a stable body temperature can improve working conditions and comfort.
Robust Algorithm Development for Application of Pinch Analysis on HENIJERA Editor
Since its genesis, Pinch Analysis is continuously evolving and its application is widening, reaching new horizons. The original concept of pinch approach was quite clear and, because of flexibility of this approach, innumerable applications have been developed in the industry. Consequently, a designer gets thoroughly muddled among these flexibilities. Hence, there was a need for a rigorous and robust model which could guide the optimisation engineer on deciding the applicability of the pinch approach and direct sequential step of procedure in predefined workflow, so that the precision of approach is ensured. Exploring the various options of a novice hands-on algorithm development that can be coded and interfaced with GUI and keeping in mind the difficulties faced by designers, an effort was made to formulate a new algorithm for the optimisation activity. As such, the work aims at easing out application hurdles and providing hands-on information to the Developer for use during preparation of new application tools. This paper presents a new algorithm, the application which ensures the Developer does not violate basic pinch rules. To achieve this, intermittent check gates are provided in the algorithm, which eliminate violation of predefined basic pinch rules, design philosophy, and Engineering Standards and ensure that constraints are adequately considered. On the other side, its sequential instruction to develop the pinch analysis and reiteration promises Maximum Energy Recovery (MER).
RFID Smart Tags for Controlling Belonging in SheltersIJERA Editor
It is very important to identify each belongings to its owner to prevent these things get lost. A traditional way is to label or paste barcodes to every objects. Currently, there are emerging technologies that allow us to label everything, person or place. This paper presents a solution based on RFID technology (Radio Frequency Identification) for identifying objects in a temporary shelter. To do this, a computer application is used to control the incoming and outgoing of the personal belongings of victims rescued from a natural disaster, this application is used in temporary shelters. Our solution allows communication between a reader and RFID tags, just as the application accesses a database to store the information needed to control personal belongings of affected people. The application attempts to reduce risks of loss of belongings and information, allowing the identification of each object when located within the radius of coverage of the reader, showing the information associated with the items (objects) and owner
Solving ONE’S interval linear assignment problemIJERA Editor
In this paper to introduce a matrix ones interval linear assignment method or MOILA -method for solving wide range of problem. An example using matrix ones interval linear assignment methods and the existing Hungarian method have been solved and compared. Also some of the variations and some special cases in assignment problem and its applications have been discussed ,the proposed method is a systematic procedure, easy to apply and can be utilized for all types of assignment problem with maximize or minimize objective functions
A study on severe geomagnetic storms and earth’s magnetic field H variations,...IJERA Editor
For our study, we have selected ten severe geomagnetic storms. Which occurred during the years 1994 to 2015. Here great geomagnetic storm of Dst index from -422 nT to -17 nT are taken. These storms are significant not only because of the extremely high magnetic activity but also due to their great impact on the geomagnetosphere. We have studied the relation between severe geomagnetic storms with Earth’s magnetic field in horizontal component (H constant) and also studied the relation between Dst index with sunspots number. The H constant data from Kyoto data centre and Dst index, Ap index, Kp index from OMNI data centre. We have found that the Dst is at very lowest level in this storm period, Ap index Kp index are increased in severe geomagnetic storm period and H Constant is at very lowest level in storm period. We have found that geomagnetic storms were induced to form the cyclones within 29 days. The Sunspots numbers are increased to induce to geomagnetic storm within 5 – 15 days
Impact and Performance of Linen Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Slender ColumnsAJSERJournal
This study was consisted of two phases, revealed the behavior of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
specimens of small-diameter slender column to achieve high quality concrete properties without using concrete
vibrator. The first phase investigated the effect of linen fiber on the rheological properties of SCC using two mixes types:
type I mix: without lime powder, and type II mix: with 20% lime as a replacement of cement content. The linen fiber was
contented of 0, 2, and 4 Kg/m³. In the second phase, the type II mix was used to cast three columns; one with plain SCC
and the other two with 2 and 4 Kg/m³ fiber contents. These columns were cured and cut in a certain manner to obtain 7
cylinders 150 × 300 mm and 8 slices 20 mm thickness. The cylinders were used to measure the distribution of unit
weight, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) along the column height. The rheological properties
of SCC were reduced with the additives of fibers to the mix constituents, but the properties of Fiber reinforced SelfCompacted Concrete (FSCC) were tested at 4 Kg/m³ fiber content. The distribution of unit weight, compressive strength,
and UPV provided good compaction of concrete. Also, the distribution of coarse aggregate at bottom, middle and top
sections of columns were uniformly distributed.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Analysis the Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pavement ...ijtsrd
The thrust nowadays is to produce thinner and green pavement sections of better quality, which can carry the heavy loads. The high strength steel fibre reinforced concrete is a concrete having compressive strength greater than 40MPa, made of hydraulic cements and containing fine and coarse aggregates; and discontinuous, unconnected, randomly distributed steel fibres. The present study aims at, developing pavement quality concrete mixtures incorporating marble dust as partial replacement of cement as well as steel fibres. The aim is to the design of slab thickness of PQC pavement using the achieved flexural strength of the concrete mixtures. In this study, the flexural, compressive and split tensile strength for pavement quality concrete mixtures for different percentage of steel fibres and replacement of cement with marble dust are reported. It is found out the maximum increase in flexure strength, compressive strength and split tensile strength is for 0% Marble Dust and 1% Steel fibre. Also it has been possible to achieve savings in cement by replacing it with marble dust and adding fibres. This study also shows that in view of the high flexural strength, high values of compressive strength and high values of split tensile strength, higher load carrying capacity and higher life expectancy, the combination of 10 to 20% marble dust replacement along with addition of 0.5 to 1% steel fibres is ideal for design of Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC). Krishan Kumar | Sumesh Jain"Analysis the Effect of Steel Fibre and Marble Dust with Strength of Pavement Quality Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd152.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/152/analysis-the-effect-of-steel-fibre-and-marble-dust-with-strength-of-pavement-quality-concrete/krishan-kumar
An Experimental Study on Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced High Streng...IJERD Editor
The use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is gaining importance throughout the globe due to
the depleting sources of natural aggregate and disposal problem of demolished waste. The advancement in the
prestressed concrete technology and multistoried structures has given impetus for making concrete of high
strength. Also, it is well established that the fibers make concrete ductile. The aim of this research work is to
determine the suitability of glass fibers for use in structural recycled aggregate concrete of high strength. The
fresh and hardened state properties of partially replaced recycled aggregate concrete, with varying percentages
of glass fibers, are compared with the corresponding conventional aggregate concrete. The compressive, split
tensile and flexural strengths of M50 grade concrete with various replacement levels of coarse aggregate were
done . The maximum values of all these strengths were obtained at 1.5% of fiber content
Experimental Investigations of Mechanical properties on Micro silica (Silica ...IOSR Journals
Abstract : The Now a day, we need to look at a way to reduce the cost of building materials, particularly
cement is currently so high that only rich people and governments can afford meaningful construction. Studies
have been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a broad range of materials as partial replacement
materials for cement in the production of concrete. This study investigated the strength properties of Silica fume
and fly ash concrete. This work primarily deals with the strength characteristics such as compressive, Split
tensile and flexural strength. High performance concrete a set of 7 different concrete mixture were cast and
tested with different cement replacement levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% 12.5% and15%) of Fly ash (FA) with
silica fume (SF) as addition ( 0%,5%,10 % ,15% ,25and 30%) by wt of Cement and/or each trial super
plasticizer has been added at constant values to achieve a constant range of slump for desired work ability with
a constant water-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.30.Specimens were produced and cured in a curing tank for 3, 7, 14
and 28 days. The cubes were subjected to compressive strength tests after density determination at 3,7,14 and
28 days respectively. The chemical composition and physical composition of micro silica, FlyAsh and cement
were determined. The density of the concrete decreased with increased in percentage of micro silica and Fly ash
replacement up to 15%. Increase in the level of micro silica fume and Fly ash replacement between 30% to 45%
led to a reduction in the compressive strength of hardened concrete. This study has shown that between 15 to
22.5% replacement levels, concrete will develop strength sufficient for construction purposes. Its use will lead
to a reduction in cement quantity required for construction purposes and hence sustainability in the
construction industry as well as aid economic construction.
Keywords: Durability, Fly Ash, High performance Concrete, Silica Fume/Micro Silica, Density, water
absorption
To Study the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate ...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the study of workability and durability characteristics of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA), and containing fly ash. The mix design for SCC was arrived as per the Guidelines of European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). In this investigation, SCC was made by usual ingredients such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, mineral admixture fly ash and demolished concrete at various replacement levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). To enhance the property of SCC made with the use of demolish concrete and fly ash, glass fiber has been added to the mix. Glass fiber in various % (i.e. 0.15%, 0.20% 0.30%, of Wt. of cement) has been added in the mix which contain demolish concrete and gave highest strength i.e. (10% demolish concrete).
Study of Compressive and Flexural Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended High Str...researchinventy
-Change has been a constant parameter within the concrete industry in view of increasing construction activities and most importantly an increased thrust in high quality yet economic structures. This change has thus, brought along with it, different trends in concrete technology with respect to the way in which it is perceived and more technically, its composition, its handling, mixing etc. . As a result, we have today, different types of concretes such as triple blended concrete, self-compacted concrete, bacterial concrete etc. which have, in their own respective manner, succeeded in enhancing the serviceability of the structure with which they are built, in comparison to ordinary concrete. In this report, we focus and emphasize on Triple Blended Concrete, its meaning, materials involved, process of casting, testing, salient features et al.
Development of mix design for high strength Concrete with AdmixturesIOSR Journals
This paper presents the result of mix design developed for high strength concrete with silica fume
and High range water reducing admixture (HRWR). It involves the process of determining experimentally the
most suitable concrete mixes in order to achieve the targeted mean strength. In this research work 53 grade
ordinary Portland cement, the locally available river sand, 10 mm graded coarse aggregate were selected based
on ASTM C 127 standard for determining the relative quantities and proportions for the grade of concrete M60.
For this design ACI 211.4R-93 guidelines were followed. Totally Five mixes were designed one mix was treated
as basic mix with HRWR - 0.5% without silica fume, Four mixes were designed with Micro silica quantities
varied from 5 to 9 percent weight of cementitious materials and HRWR varies between 0.6% to 0.9% with
increment of 0.1% . Each mix 2 numbers of 150mm x 300 mm cylinders were cast then kept in curing tank after
24 hours of time period. After 28 days of curing the specimens were tested and the appropriate mix proportions
were obtained.
Evaluation of the Superplasticizer Effect on the Concrete Compressive Strengt...civej
Concrete is the most important material in the civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a
non-linear function of the concrete age and some constituents. These constituents include cement, blast
furnace slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The superplasticizers are
among elements which are important in increasing the concrete compressive strength and we are going to
analyze here using the tree-classification decision algorithm. The decision trees, usually, are used in
classification of a bunch of data. J48 is one of the most favoured ones. The decision trees are developed
using information entropy on a collection of training data. J48 is a recursive algorithm that combines the
remaining of the following data sets and continues normalizing the output data using the separation
process until a uniform classification result obtains. This article evaluates the superplasticizer effect on the
concrete compressive strength using the tree-classification decision algorithm.
Evaluation of the Superplasticizer Effect on the Concrete Compressive Strengt...civejjour
Concrete is the most important material in the civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a
non-linear function of the concrete age and some constituents. These constituents include cement, blast
furnace slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The superplasticizers are
among elements which are important in increasing the concrete compressive strength and we are going to
analyze here using the tree-classification decision algorithm. The decision trees, usually, are used in
classification of a bunch of data. J48 is one of the most favoured ones. The decision trees are developed
using information entropy on a collection of training data. J48 is a recursive algorithm that combines the
remaining of the following data sets and continues normalizing the output data using the separation
process until a uniform classification result obtains. This article evaluates the superplasticizer effect on the
concrete compressive strength using the tree-classification decision algorithm.
Flexural Behavior of Fibrous Reinforced Cement Concrete Blended With Fly Ash ...Ijripublishers Ijri
Research for high strength and better performance characteristics of concrete are leading the researchers for developing
better structural concrete and new structural application techniques.New types of concrete have come in application
in construction by using supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash, silica fume metakaoline, nanosilica and
other materials using various reinforcing materials like different type of fibers for achieving better performance for the
composite compared to the normal concrete.In the present experimental investigation, a mix design for high strength
concrete of M80 is tried using triple blending technique with ternary blend of metakaoline and fly ash as partial replacement
by weight of cement at various blended percentages ranging between 10%-40% with steel fibers having aspect ratio
of 50. The various percentages of steel fibers to be tried are 0%, 0.5% and 1% by volume of concrete. The workability is
measured for its consistency using compaction factor method.The project aims at finding the optimum replacement of
cement by fly ash and metakaoline from which maximum benefit in various strengths and workability of the mix can be
obtained. The results of fiber reinforced specimens with various percentages of ternary blend are compared with control
specimens to study the behaviour of FRC properties with various percentages of the blends as partial replacement by
weight of cement. Sufficient number of cubes and beams will be cast. The case specimens will be tested for the change
in compressive and flexural strengths at 7 & 28 days for M80 concrete.It is expected that the results of present investigation
would help to arrive at the optimum percentages of the admixtures and fibre reinforcement to achieve optimum
strength properties of the composite.
Study of Mechanical Properties in SCC by Blending Cement Partially With Fly A...IJSRD
The development of self-compacting concrete has been one of the most important materials in the modern building industry. The purpose of this concrete concept is to decrease the risk due to human factor. The use of SCC is spreading worldwide because of its very attractive properties. In the present investigation Blended SCC is the one in which some percentage of cement content used for the concrete is replaced by any of the mineral admixtures. Here, the present study to development of blended self-compacting concrete by replaced in the mineral admixtures using Fly ash 0-30% and metakaolin 0-30% as the weight of cement. Study the rheological properties and mechanical properties of developed blended SCC mixes in the laboratory condition and different curing ages. In recent years, many researchers have established that the use of supplementary cementatious materials (SCMs) like blast furnace slag, silica fume, metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) etc. can, not only improve the various properties of concrete both in its fresh and hardened states, but also can contribute to economy in construction costsruning.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Designing Great Products: The Power of Design and Leadership by Chief Designe...
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1. Er.Ranjodh Singh, Er.Rohin Kaushik, Er.Gurniwaz Singh / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1283-1286
1283 | P a g e
Study of Self Compacting Concrete Using Brick Dust and Marble
Powder
Er.Ranjodh Singh1
, Er.Rohin Kaushik2
, Er.Gurniwaz Singh3
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engg. IIU (HP)
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engg. IIU(HP)
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engg. IIU (HP)
Abstract
In recent years, Self Compacting
Concrete (SCC) has gained a wide use for
placement in congested reinforcement concrete
structures where casting conditions are difficult
and in high rise buildings where pump ability
properties are required. For such applications
the fresh concrete must possess high fluidity and
good cohesiveness. The use of fine materials such
as brick dust, marble powder and viscosity
modifying agent can ensure the required
concrete properties. In this experimental work
attempt has been made to replace fine aggregate
with brick dust and marble powder. Both brick
kiln dust and marble powder are waste materials
and are dumped as waste, causing land scarcity
and environmental pollution. Using these types of
waste material for concrete is a bigger step
towards sustainable infrastructure development.
Introduction
Self Compacting Concrete as the name
implies is the concrete requiring no vibration to fill
the form homogeneously. Self Compacting Concrete
(SCC) is defined by two primary properties. Ability
to flow or deform under its own weight and the
ability remain homogeneous while doing so. Flow
ability is achieved by utilizing high proportion of
water reducing admixtures and segregation
resistance is ensured by introducing a chemical
called viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) or
increasing the amount of fines in the concrete. The
study focuses on comparison of SCC containing
varying amounts of brick dust and marble powder.
In recent years, self compacting concrete has gained
a wide use for placement in congested reinforcement
concrete structures where casting conditions are
difficult and in high rise buildings where pump
ability properties are required.
Material Aspects of Self Compacting
Concrete
Self-consolidating concrete is designed to
meet specific applications requiring high
deformability, high flow ability and high passing
ability. The rheological properties and robustness of
SCC vary in a wide range. It is more susceptible to
changes than ordinary concrete because of a
combination of detailed requirements, more
complex mix design and inherent low yield stress
and viscosity. Variations in properties (and
robustness) are attributed therefore to the specific
effects of the ingredients on the rheological
properties of the mixture, effects of the physical
properties (i.e. size and specific density) of the
aggregate and the mixing history. Aggregates,
cement, water and HRWR are the principal
materials of SCC where as SCM, VMA and other
chemicals can be used as the optional materials. The
brief illustration of component materials of SCC is
given below.
Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregates significantly influence
the performance of SCC by affecting the flowing
ability, segregation resistance, and strength of
concrete. The nominal maximum size for SCC can
be 20 or 25 mm. However, the smaller size is
preferable to produce higher strength and to reduce
segregation in fresh SCC. Round aggregates are
better than angular aggregates for flowing ability of
SCC while rough and angular aggregates are
conducive to high strength and strong interfacial
bond due to rough surface texture and interlocking
characteristic. The gradation of coarse aggregates
affects the flow properties and segregation
resistance of SCC. The well-graded coarse
aggregates contribute to produce the optimum
mixture with least particle interference and thus
enhance the flowing ability and reduce the tendency
of segregation in fresh concrete. They also improve
the hardened properties and durability of concrete
due to dense particle packing.
Fine aggregate
Fine aggregates increase the flowing ability
and segregation resistance when used at a suitable
amount. In addition, they modify the strength of
concrete when used in varying proportion with
cement and coarse aggregates. Particle shape,
surface texture, surface area and void content affect
the mixing water requirement and compressive
strength of concrete .The fine aggregates for SCC
should be sharp, angular, chemically inert, sound,
low absorbent and free from deleterious substances
to attain high strength and good durability. Well-
graded fine aggregates increase the flow of mortar
and hence may improve the flowing ability of SCC.
2. Er.Ranjodh Singh, Er.Rohin Kaushik, Er.Gurniwaz Singh / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1283-1286
1284 | P a g e
Furthermore, the well-graded fine aggregates
contribute to improve the packing density and thus
the hardened properties and durability of concrete.
A fineness modulus in the range of 2.5 to 3.2 is
generally recommended for SCC.
Cement
Portland cement is most widely used to
produce various types of concrete. The cement used
for SCC should have sound flow and setting
properties. It should enhance the fluidity of concrete
and should be compatible with the chemical
admixtures such as HRWR and VMA. The cement
should possess carefully controlled fineness, and
should produce low or moderate heat of hydration to
control the volume changes in concrete.
Brick Dust
Brick dust is a waste product obtained from
different brick kilns and tile factories. There are
numerous brick kiln which have grown over the
decades in an unplanned way in different part of the
country. Tons of waste products like brick dust or
broken pieces or flakes of bricks (brickbat) come
out from these kilns and factories. So far, such
materials have been used just for filling low lying
areas or are dumped as waste material.
Marble Powder
Marble has been commonly used as a
building material since the ancient times. The
industry’s disposal of the marble powder material,
consisting of very fine powder, today constitutes
one of the environmental problems around the
world. Marble blocks are cut into smaller blocks in
order to give them the desired smooth shape. During
the cutting process about 25% the original marble
mass is lost in the form of dust. In India marble dust
is settled by sedimentation and then dumped away
which results in environmental pollution, in addition
to forming dust in summer and threatening both
agriculture and public health.
Viscosity modifying admixture
VMA improves the viscosity and cohesion
of fresh concrete and thus reduces the bleeding,
surface settlement and aggregate sedimentation
resulting in a more stable and uniform mix. The
mechanism of viscosity enhancement depends on
the type of Objectives of Study.
Present Work
The objectives of this investigation is to
carry out the detailed study of various performance
based characteristics of self compacting concrete
with different proportions of Brick dust and marble
powder as fine aggregate replacement. Following
investigation has ben attempted in the present work:
Compressive strength at the age of 7 and
28 days by replacing fine aggregate with
brick dust and marble powder at 25% and
50% replacement levels.
Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound
hammer testing at the age of 7 and 28 days
by replacing fine aggregate with brick dust
and marble powder at 25% and 50%
replacement levels.
Compressive Strength Test
The test was conducted according to IS
516-1959.Specimens were taken out from curing
tank at the age of 7, 28 and tested immediately after
removal from water. Surface water was allowed to
drip down. The position of cube while testing was at
right angles to that of casting position. The load was
gradually applied without any shock and increased
at constant rate of 14N/mm2
/minute until failure of
specimen takes place. It was tested on compression
testing machine.
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
A pulse of longitudinal vibrations is
produced by an electro-acoustical transducer, which
is held in contact with one surface of the concrete
under test. When the pulse generated is transmitted
into the concrete from the transducer using a liquid
coupling material such as grease or cellulose paste,
it undergoes multiple reflections at the boundaries of
the different material phases within the concrete. A
complex system of stress waves develops, which
include both longitudinal and shear waves, and
propagates through the concrete. The first waves to
reach the receiving transducer are the longitudinal
waves, which are converted into an electrical signal
by a second transducer. Electronic timing circuits
enable the transit time T of the pulse to be
measured.
Longitudinal pulse velocity (in km/s or m/s) is given
by:
v = L/T
Where:
v is the longitudinal pulse velocity,
L is the path length,
T is the time taken by the pulse to traverse that
length.
Schmidt Rebound Hammer Test
The Schmidt rebound hammer is
principally a surface hardness tester. It works on the
principle that the rebound of an elastic mass
depends on the hardness of the surface against
which the mass impinges. There is little apparent
theoretical relationship between the strength of
concrete and the rebound number of the hammer.
However, within limits, empirical correlations have
been established between strength properties and the
rebound number. Further, Kolek has attempted to
establish a correlation between the hammer rebound
3. Er.Ranjodh Singh, Er.Rohin Kaushik, Er.Gurniwaz Singh / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1283-1286
1285 | P a g e
number and the hardness as measured by the Brinell
method. In the present study we determine the
compressive strength and flexural strength by
replacement of cement by different percentages of
brick dust and marble powder.
Result. and Discussion
Physical Properties of Cement (Is:12269-1987)
Cement used in experiment has obtained 37%
standard consistency, 3.15 specific gravity, initial
and final setting time was 125 min and 215 min
respectively with 330kg/m2
fineness.
Compressive Strength of Cement (Grade 43)
Cement used in experiment is of grade 43 and their
compressive strength after 3days, 7days and 28 days
were 26.5 N/mm2
,38.3 N/mm2
and 51.1 N/mm2
respectively
Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregates
Coarse aggregate which is used in experiment is of
grey colour with angular shape having specific
gravity 2.65, water absorption capacity of coarse
aggregate was 1% and having fineness modulus
7.87.
Table 1- Sieve Analysis Of Coarse Aggregates (as per IS:383-1970)
IS:Sieve
designation
Wt retained on
sieve(gm
%wt retained cumulative% wt
retained
% passing
40mm 0 0.00 0.00 100
20mm 200 4.0 4.00 96
10mm 4200 84.0 88.0 12
4.75mm 355 7.1 95.1 4.9
pan 245 4.9 100
Physical Properties of Fine Aggregates
Fine aggregate which is used in experiment is of grey colour with angular shape having specific gravity 2.65,
water absorption capacity of coarse aggregate was 1.1% , having fineness modulus 2.2 .
Table 2 - Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregates (As Per IS:383-1970)
IS: Sieve
designation
Wt retained on
sieve(gm
%wt retained cumulative% wt
retained
% passing IS 383-1970
requirements
for zone II
4.75mm 6 0 0.6 0.6 99.4 90-100
2.36mm 94 9.4 10 90.0 75-100
1.18mm 274 27.4 37.4 62.6 55-90
600 micron 234 23.4 60.8 39.2 35-40
300 micron 286 28.6 89.4 10.6 8-30
150 micron 79 7.9 97.3 2.7 0-10
0.75 micron 18 1.8 99.1 0.9 0-5
Pan 9 0.9 100 0.0
4. Er.Ranjodh Singh, Er.Rohin Kaushik, Er.Gurniwaz Singh / International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.1283-1286
1286 | P a g e
Table 3 – 0%replacement of fine aggregate with brick dust and marble powder (7 & 28 days)
Material used as
replacement
Compressive Strength by
UPV(Mpa)
Compressive Strength by
Rebound hammer(Mpa)
Cube Compressive
Strength(Mpa)
7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day
- 46 56 44 60 48 68
Table 4 – 25%replacement of fine aggregate with brick dust and marble powder (7 & 28 day)
Material used as
replacement
Compressive Strength by
UPV(Mpa)
Compressive Strength by
Rebound hammer(Mpa)
Cube Compressive
Strength(Mpa)
7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day
Brick dust 36 56 34 56 37 55
Marble powder 48 68 45 72 50 70
Table 6 – 50%replacement of fine aggregate with brick dust and marble powder(7 & 28 days)
Material used as
replacement
Compressive Strength by
UPV(Mpa)
Compressive Strength by
Rebound hammer(Mpa)
Cube Compressive
Strength(Mpa)
7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day 7 day 28 day
Brick dust 30 42 29 44 30 43
Marble powder 35 47 32 50 34 48
Conclusions
All concretes mixes using brick dust and
marble powder fulfilled the performance
criteria for fresh and hardened SCC.
Good hardened properties were achieved for
the concretes with 25% marble powder which
can be considered as the optimum content for
high compressive strength.
The hardened properties of the SCCs were
improved at 28 days due to greater hydration
of cement
Brick dust and marble powder can be
efficiently used to produce good quality self
compacting concrete with satisfactory slump
and setting times.
Under certain conditions, replacement of fine
aggregate by brick dust and marble powder
appears to increase the strength of self
compacting concrete.
In this study an effort has been made to
evaluate the usefulness of brick kiln dust and
marble powder both of which are waste
material to produce cost effective self
compacting concrete.
Reference
1. Okamura,H.andOuchi,M.,(2003).“Self-
compacting concrete”, Journal of Advance
Concrete Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, April,
pp. 5-15.
2. Okamura, H. and Ozawa, K., (1995). “Mix
design for self-compacting concrete”,
Concrete Library of JSCE, 25, pp. 107-
120.
3. IS:456-2000(2000)”Code of practice plain
and reinforced concrete” Bureau of Indian
Standards,New Delhi.
4. IS:516-1959(reaffirmed 1999) “Methods
of tests of concrete”Bureau of Indian
Standards,New Delhi
5. Neville,A.M,”Properties of
concrete”,Longman Publishers,pp-300
6 . EFNARC:Specification and Guidelines for
Self-Compacting Concrete. Farnham,
February 2002.
7. IS:383-
1970(reaffirmed1997):”Specifications of
coarse and fine aggregates from natural
sources of concrete “Bureau of Indian
Standards,New Delhi.
8. Chai,H.W (1998)”Design and testing of
self compacting concrete “PhD Thesis
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering ,University College London.
9. Gagne, R., Pigeon, M., and Aitcin, P. C.
(1989). “Deicer salt scaling resistance of
high performance concrete Paul Klieger
Symposium on Performance of Concrete,
SP-122, ACI.
10. Hayakawa, M., Matsuoka, Y., and
Shindoh, T. (1993) “Development &
application of super workable con crete.”
RILEM International Workshop on
Concretes: Workability and Mixing.
11. Uno, Y. (1999). “State-of-the art report on
concrete products made of SCC,”
Proceedings of the International Workshop
on Self-Compacting Concrete, 262- 291.
12. Ramchandran ,V.S and Malhotra(1981)”
Superplasticizer in concrete admixtures
handbook”park ridge,N.J.Noyes
Publication,pp211-268