Heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in table pea (pisum sativum l.)

1. ABSTRACT
The present investigation concluded that the cross combination Azad P-5 x KS-150 expressed
significant and desirable heterosis over both parents (superior and mid parent) for all the
characters under study except pod width. Significant and desirable heterosis was observed in
11 crosses over superior parent and 11 crosses over mid parent for green pod yield; 8 crosses
over superior parent and 6 crosses over mid parent for number of seeds per pod. The 5 best
heterotic crosses were selected from 15 hybrids for yield performance, namelyAzad P-5 x KS-
150,AzadP-1 xAzadP-3,Azad P-5 xAzad P-3, KS-156 xAzadP-3 and KS-156xAzad P-3, these
crosses also performed better for other traits.
The most important step in the exploitation of heterosis
is to know its magnitude and direction. This is a
monoecious and self pollinated crop, which provides ample
scope for the formulation of appropriate breeding
methodology required for the improvement of specific trait
and cross combinations. But attention on development of
F1
hybrids in table pea is meagre. Hence, attempts have
been made to study the magnitude of heterosis in table
pea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental materials comprised of 6 lines of
table pea namely, Azad P-1(P1
), Azad P-3(P2
), Azad P-
5(P3
), KS-150(P4
), KS-156(P5
) and KS-175(P6
). These
lines were crossed in half diallel fashion and 15 F1
hybrids
were obtained. Fifteen F1
hybrids and 6 parents were
grown in randomized block design with 3 replications. The
crop was grown at a spacing of 10 cm between plants
and 30 cm between the rows.
Five plants in each treatment (hybrid or parent) were
used for recording observations on plant height (cm), pods
per plant, pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of
seeds per pod, shelling percentage and green pod yield
per plant (g). The magnitude of heterosis was calculated
for each character as the difference between the values
of F1
and its superior parent and mid parent for that
See end of the article for
authors’ affiliations
Correspondence to:
D.S.PATIL
Department of Vegetable
Sciences, C.S.A.
University ofAgriculture
and Technology, KANPUR
(U.P.) INDIA
Email: dinar_2007@
rediffmail.com
•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•
Key words : Yield, Heterosis, Table pea
character.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The estimate of heterosis over superior parent and
mid parent for 10 characters in parents and F1
hybrids
for yield and its contributing traits are presented in Table
1. Significant and negative heterosis was considered
desirable for days to flowering, while positive and
significant was considered desirable for other characters.
It is revealed from the data that short statured plants with
more number of branches were desirable for high pod
yield. Hence, negative heterosis for plant height is
desirable. Heterosis over superior parent varied from -
12.99% (Azad P-1 x KS-156) to 19.26% (Azad P-5 x
KS-150).
The results revealed that green pod yield per plant
exhibited appreciably high amount of heterosis over
superior parent and mid parent. Heterosis over superior
parent varied from-21.45% (KS-175 x KS-156) to 77.44%
(Azad P-5 x KS-150). The cross combination of Azad P-
5 x KS-150 exhibited maximum heterosis over superior
parent followed by KS-156 x KS-150 (60.52%), Azad P-
1 x KS-150 (43.77%), KS-156 x Azad P-3 (31.24%) and
Azad P-1 x Azad P-3 (27.39%). The heterosis over mid
parent varied from-22.32% (KS-175 x KS-156) to 45.34%
(Azad P-5 x KS-150). Other promising crosses in order
Heterosisfor yield and itscontributing traitsin table pea (Pisum sativum L.)
D.S. PATIL, N.S.PARADE, C.P. GHARGE AND K.P. SINGH
Patil, D.S., Parade, N.S., Gharge, C.P. and Singh, K.P. (2011). Heterosis for yield and its contributing traits in Table Pea (Pisum sativum L.),
Asian J. Hort., 6 (1) : 132-134.
The Asian Journal of Horticulture; Vol. 6 No. 1; (June, 2011) : 132-134
Received : December, 2010; Accepted : February, 2011
Research Paper

2. 133
[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011] •HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•
D.S. PATIL, N.S.PARADE, C.P. GHARGE AND K.P. SINGH

3. •HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•
134
[Asian J. Hort., Vol. 6 (1); June, 2011]
of merit were KS-156 x KS-150 (25.08%), KS-150 x
Azad P-3 (23.10%) and KS-156 x Azad P-3 (16.11%).
The results of the present investigation concluded
that the cross combinationAzad P-5 × KS-150 expressed
significant and desirable heterosis over both parents
(superior and mid parent) for all the characters under
study except pod width. Significant and desirableheterosis
was observed in 11 crosses over superior parent and 11
crosses over mid parent for green pod yield; 8 crosses
over superior parent and 6 crosses over mid parent for
number of seeds per pod. Singh et al. (1976), Parmar
and Godawat (1990), Sharma et al. (1998), Tyagi and
Srivastava (1999) and Kumar and Tewatia (2005) also
reported similar results in pea. The5 best heterotic crosses
were selected from 15 hybrids for yield performance,
namely Azad P-5 x KS-150, Azad P-1 x Azad P-3, Azad
P-5 x Azad P-3, KS-156 x Azad P-3 and KS-156 x Azad
P-3, these crosses also performed better for other traits.
Authors’ affiliations:
N.S.PARADE, C.P. GHARGE AND K.P. SINGH,
Department of Vegetable Sciences, C.S.A. University of
Agriculture and Technology, KANPUR (U.P.) INDIA
REFERENCES
Kumar, ManojandTewatia,A.S. (2005). Heterosisin pea (Pisum
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Parmar, B.S. andGodawat, S.L. (1990). Heterosisandinbreeding
depression in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Internat. J. Tropic Agric.,
8(1):19-22.
Sharma, R.N., Mishra, R.K., Pandey, R.L. and Rastogi, N.K.
(1998). Study ofheterosis in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Ann.
Agril. Res., 19 (1): 58-60.
Singh, S.P., Singh, H.N., Singh, N.D. andSrivastava, J.P. (1976).
Heterosis in pea. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 48 : 705-710.
Tyagi,M.K. andSrivastava, C.P. (1999).Heterosisandinbreeding
depression in pea. Ann. Agric. Bio. Res., 4 (1): 71-74.
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HETEROSIS FOR YIELD & ITS CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN TABLE PEA