The document discusses several plants that can be used to treat abnormalities in different endocrine glands. It provides information on the thyroid gland and plants that can treat abnormal thyroid function, such as kelp, bladderwrack, and thyroid essential supplements. It also discusses plants that can treat abnormalities in other glands, such as the adrenal gland (astragalus), pancreas (ginseng), testis gland (fenugreek), pituitary gland and ovaries (flax seed). For each plant, it provides details on origin, active constituents, uses, side effects, contraindications and example products containing the plant.

1. Cairo university
Faculty of pharmacy
Pharmacognosy department
204

3. Endocrine
glands
Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Pancreas Testis Pituitary gland
Adrenaline &
Nor
adrenaline
Cortizone Thyroxin Insulin Testosterone Testis

5. I.Thyroid Gland

6. Thyroid Gland
Hormone: Thyroxin.
 Thyroxin functions:
1) Affects the physical & mental growth.
2) Affects the metabolism.
3) Increases the absorption of glucose.
4) Maintains healthy skin & hair.

7. Thyroid
gland
I. Kelp &
Bladderwrack
II. Coleus
forskohlii
Thyroid
Essentials
Natural
Thyroformula

8. Brown algae treating the abnormal secretion
of thyroxin:
I-KELP
Active constituent:
1) Iodine.
2) Folic acid.
3) Vitamins & Minerals.

9. Uses:
1) Natural source of iodine.
2) Regulates thyroxin hormone secretion.
3) Anti cancer & Anti inflammatory.
4) Anti oxidant.
 Side effects:
1) May cause allergic reactions for people
sensitive to seaweeds.
2) May be poisonous with prolonged use.

10. Bladderwrack
Origin:
The dried thallus of Fucus serratus and
Ascophyllum nodosum , F:Fucaceae.
Active constituent:
1) Mucilage.
2) Iodine.
3) Algin.

11. Uses:
1) Natural source of iodine.
2) Treatment of hypothyroidism & goiter.
3) Relieve constipation & diarrhea.
4) Rheumatism.
Side effects:
1) Prolonged high intake of iodine may
cause thyroid cancer.
2) May cause allergic reactions.

12. Thyroid Essentials
Ingredients:
1) Kelp.
2) Bladderwrack.
3) Iodine.
4) Selenium.
 Dose:
- 2 capsules per day 1 in the morning & 1 in
the evening.
- Take it with a glass of water for best
absorption.

13. Uses:
1) Treatment of hypothyroidism by treating
iodine deficiency.
2) Supports metabolism & weight loss.
3) Increases energy levels naturally.
4) Enables us to think better.
5) Improves muscle conditions.
6) Stimulation of thyroid gland.

14. Contraindications:
1) Do not take it with other products have high
iodine concentration.
2) For pregnant or nursing women.
3) Children under 18.

15. Pamphlet

16. Comment
 The Pamphlet is ideal as it mentions the
contraindication of the drug with other
products containing high iodine
concentration.

17. II. Coleus forskohlii
Origin :
The dried root of Coleus forskohlii family
lamiacaea.
A.C :
1) Forskolin.
2) De-acetyl forskolin & Deoxy-forskolin.
3) Volatile oil.

18. Uses :
1) Hypothyroidism.
2) Glaucoma.
3) Asthma.
4) Anti obesity.
5) Heart disorders.
 Side effects:
No side effects or toxicity at the
recommended dose.

19. Contraindications:
1) Anticoagulant medication.
2) Take care with anti hypertensive agents.

20. Natural Thyroformula
A.C :
1) Iodine.
2) Commiphora mukul.
3) Coleus forskohli.
 Uses:
Makes thyroid gland more effective
(Hypothyroidism).

21. Side effects:
No side effects or toxicity at the recommended
dose.
Contraindication:
Not mentioned.
Dose:
Adult takes 3 capsules daily with meals.
Comment:
Pamphlet didn’t mention the contraindications.

22. II.Adrenal Gland

23. Adrenal Gland
Hormones:
From adrenal medulla:
-Adrenaline & Nor adrenaline.
Hormone function:
-Rapid increase in nervous system & metabolic
activity during stress.

24. Plant treating the abnormal functions of
adrenal gland:
Astragalus Propinquus
Origin:
Is a flowering plant, F: Fabaceae.
Synonyms:
1) Astragalus membranaceus.
2) Astragalus propinquus.
3) Phaca membranacea.

25. Active constituent:
1) Flavonoids.
2) Polysaccharides.
3) Astragalosides

26. Uses:
1) Natural dietary supplement.
2) Respiratory infections & Diabetes.
3) Stimulates liver, lungs, circulatory & urinary
systems.
4) Arthritis & Asthma.
5) Improves functions of adrenal gland & GIT.
6) Increase metabolism.
7) Stimulates the body adaptation to stress.

27. Side effects:
- High doses may suppress the immune system.
Contraindications:
1) With immune-suppressing drugs.
2) Pregnant or nursing women.

28. Astragalus Extract
Part used: Root.
Ingredients:
1) Astragalosides.
2) Other immunostimulant polysaccharides.
3) Beta-sitosterol.
4) Flavonoids.
5) Minerals: Selenium.

29. Uses:
1) Anticancer.
2) Stimulates CVS.
3) In colds & fatigue.
4) Immunostimulant.

30. Contraindications:
1) People who take warfarin should avoid
astragalus because of the potential for
bleeding.
2) Beta-blockers (HBP medications) are less
effective with astragalus.
 Side effects: None.
 Comment:
Pamphlet didn’t mention the side effects of the
plant so it’s not ideal.

31. Pamphlet

32. III.Pancreas

33. Pancreas
Gland:
Beta cells of pancreas.
Hormone:
Insulin.
Hormone function:
Regulates carbohydrates & fat metabolism in
body.

34. Plant treating the abnormal secretion
of pancreas:
Ginseng
Origin:
The dried root of Ginsana panax Family
Araliaceae.
A.C. :
1) Polysaccharides.
2) Ginsona oil.

35. Dose:
 Dosage forms in market :
tablets ,capsules ,tea packets, and honey.
 usually provide 100mg to 400mg of dried
extract.

36. Uses:
1) Lower cholesterol in the blood.
2) Lower blood sugar in diabetics.
3) Help the body resist infections.
4) Improve thinking and memory.
5) Stimulates endocrine activity in the body.
6) Increases secretion of hormones.
7) Increases resistance to disease.
8) Reduce cancer risk.
9) Demulcent, sedative, stimulant, cardio tonic
& stomachic.

37. Side effects:
1) Diarrhea.
2) Hypoglycemia.
3) Headache.
4) Nausea & Vomiting.
5) Nervous excitation.
6) Itchiness.
7) Rose spots.

38. Contraindications:
1) Blood thinning medicines.
2) Caffeine and stimulants such as
pseudoephedrine.
3) Diabetes medicines.
4) Medicines used to suppress the immune
system.
5) Nonsteroidal anti-flammatory drugs.
6) MAO inhibitor antidepressants.
7) Herbal remedies with blood thinning effects.
8) Furosemide (Lasix).

39. GINSANA CAPSULES :
error correction
Complete indications should be
mentioned like
Lowering blood glucose
and controlling blood pressure.
Indications:
aren’t mentioned in details
•Bleeding disorders
•Hypoglycemia
•Nervous excitation
•digoxin May increase serum
concentration and also Warfarin
should be mentioned in precautions
Precautions:
There are many precautions
to that drug not mentioned in
its pamphlet

40. error correction
Maximum dose 400 mg
Ginseng is not preferred with
teenagers
Dosage:
it’s mentioned that maximum dose
is 200 mg
Teenagers are allowed to take
Ginseng
There are many side effects
•Nausea and vomiting
•Nervous excitation
•Palpitations
•Itchiness
•Dizziness
•Rose spots
Side effects:
No side effects are mentioned in
Pamphlet.

41. COMMENT
This drug is not recommended as it didn’t match
the information written at the pharmacopeia and
many important side effects are not mentioned in
it’s pamphlet.

42. Testis Gland

43. Testis gland
Hormone: Testosterone.
Hormone Function:
- Responsible for maintaining:
1) Sex drive.
2) Sperm production.
3) Facial, pubic and body hair.
4) Muscles.
5) Bones.

44. Factors cause loss of testosterone:
1) Increased stress levels.
2) Lack of physical activity and not getting
enough exercise.
3) Poor nutritional choices and improper diet.
4) Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption.

45. Plant treats abnormal functions of
testis:
Foenugreek
Name:
1) Foenum graecum.
2) Greek hay.
3) Trigonella.
 Origin:
The dried ripe seeds of Trigonella
Foenum Graecum linne Family:Leguminosae

46. Active constituent:
1) Saponin (diosgenin), a steroid-like precursor
for the synthesis of a number of sex
hormones.
2) Alkaloids (Trigonelline,choline).
3) Mucilage (galactomanan).
4) Protein & flavonoids.

47. Uses:
1) Potential source of Diosgenin, a basic
compound in the semi-synthesis of steroid
drug such as cortisone & sex hormones.
2) Treatment of anorxiae & gastritis.
3) It has hypocholestrolemic, hypoglycemic
action in normal &diabetic human.
4) Tonic in Impotance.
5) lactagogue.

48. Side effects:
Minor gastrointestinal symptoms ( diarrhea &
Flatulence).
Contraindications:
1) Show oxytoxic & uterine stimulant activity.
2) Pregnancy& lactation.
3) May interfere with hypoglycemic therapy

49. Drug contains Foenugreek:
Resurge low-T Formula
Uses:
1) Maximum strength.
2) Supports healthy testosterone levels.

50. Ingredients:
1) Fenugreek.
2) Tongkat Ali.
3) Octacosanol.
4) Black pepper extract.
5) Saw palmetto.
6) Tribulus terrestris.

51. Dose:
-Adults take 1 capsule in the morning preferably
with a meal.
Contraindication:
-Children under 18.
Caution:
1) Store in a cool & dry place.
2) Keep out of reach of children.
3) Do not use this product if the safety seal is
broken.

52. Comment
Pamphlet did not mention all side effects and
contraindications of the plant, so it is not
ideal.

53. IV.Pituitary
Gland &
Ovaries

54. Pituitary Gland &
Ovaries
Hormone: Estrogen.
Hormone function:
1) Development of reproductive organs.
2) Metabolism of the bone.
3) Promotes the production of certain types of
proteins.
4) Has pathological role in cancer as (uterine
cancer & breast cancer).

55. Pituitary gland
& Ovaries
I.Flax seed
II.Cimicifuga
racemosa
III.Chaste
tree IV.Broccoli
Flax seed
Oil
seed
Klimadynon
seed
Agnucaston DIM

56. I.Flax Seed
Name:
Linseed & semen lini.
Origin:
The dried ripe seeds of Linum
usitatissimun linne . Family: Linaceae.

57. A.C. :
1) Lignan.
2) 30-40 % Fixed oil.
3) Un saturated fatty acids:
- Oleic acid.
- Linoleic acid (omega 6).
- Linolenic acid (omega 3).
4) Mucilage.
5) Protein.

58. Uses:
1) Lowering the rate of reproductive tissues
cancer (breast, uterus and ovaries).
2) Hair growth.
3) Improvement of digestive processes.
4) Reduce the blood pressure in patient with
hyper cholesterolaemia & hypertension.
5) Emollient in poultices for boils & carbuncles.

59. Side effects:
1) Linseed must be accompanied by plenty of
fluids, otherwise flatulence occur.
2) Do not apply it on open wounds or broken
skin.
3) Overdose may cause rapid breathing,
weakness or difficulty in walking.
4) It may increase the risk of cell damage from a
reaction called(oxidative stress).

60. Contraindications:
1) Pregnancy & lactation.
2) Intestinal obstruction & narrowing of the
esophagus.

61. Olympian Labs Flax Seed Oil High
Lignans 1000 mg
Content:
1) Alpha-Linolenic acid.
2) Alpha-Linoleic acid.
3) High Lignans.
 Dose:
3 softgels 1 or 2 times daily.
 Side effects:
None.

62. Uses:
1) Prevention of arteriosclerosis decreases
harmful low density lipoproteins.
2) Source of lignans which consider
phytoestrogen (estrogen like activity).
3) As a dietary supplement.
 Contraindications:
Pregnant & lacting women should consult a
doctor.

63. Comment
The prescription doesn’t mention any side
effects of the plant, so it is not ideal to
the monograph.

64. II.Cimicifuga racemosa
Syn: Black cohosh.
Origin:
Species of flowering plant of the family
Ranunculaceae .
Active constituent:
- Triterpene glycoside as :-
1) Cimifugaside.
2) 27-deoxyactein and actein.

65. Uses:
1) Relieving symptoms of menopause,
depression and arthritis.
2) Recommended for premenstrual symptoms.
3) Has mimic effect of estrogen hormone in the
body so it can be used as alternative for
patients who have sensitivity against
chemical hormones.

66. Side effects:
1) In case of presence of pre-existing breast
cancer , it makes extension for the cancer
to the lungs.
2) Liver damage.
3) Dizziness, headache, diarrhea , nausea
vomiting and sweating.
4) Low blood pressure and slow heart beats.

67. Contra-indication :
1) Breast cancer.
2) People suffering from liver disease as
hepatitis and liver cancer.
3) Heart patients and people with low blood
pressure.
4) GIT problems.

68. Drug contains Cimicifuga racemosa:
Klimadynon
Uses:
1) It has an estrogen-like effect so used as
sedative and has relaxing action on nervous
system.
2) Treats and relieves vascular disorders
during Menopause.

69. Dose :
1) Klimadynon Uno: 1 tablet / day in the
evening.
2) Klimadynon film coated tablets: 2 tablets /
day, 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening.
3) Klimadynon drops: 30 drops in the morning
and 30 in the evening.

70. Side effects:
1) Allergic reactions.
2) Stomach pain.
3) Increase in body weight.
4) Strain in the mammary gland or
menstruation-like bleeding.
Contra –indication:-
1) Hypersensitivity to any of the medication's
components.
2) Alcoholism and liver diseases.
3) Estrogen-dependent tumors.
4) Pregnancy and lactation.

71. Comment
The pamphlet doesn’t mention two of the side
effects of the plant which are:
1) Causing low blood pressure.
2) Slowing heart beats.

72. III.Chaste tree
Origin:
The dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus.
Family: Verbenaceae.
A.C:
1) Flavonoids.
2) Essential oils.
3) Diterpenes and glycosides.

73. Uses:
1) Used to aid hormonal imbalance.
2) Depression.
3) Stops the bloating and breast pain.
4) Used in controlling bleeding and expelling
the placenta after birth.
5) Treatment for acne.
Side effects:
1) Dry mouth & Nausea.
2) Headache & Urticaria.

74. Drug contains Chaste tree:
Agnucaston
Uses :
1) Treatment of menstrual disorder.
2) Mastodynia (mastalgia).
3) Premenstrual syndrome.
Side effects:
Allergic skin reactions .

75. Contraindicatins:
1) Patients who have an allergy or
hypersensitivity to the drug.
2) Pregnant women.
3) Safe use in children hasn’t been established.
Dose:
1 tablet every morning.
Comment :
Not all side effects are mentioned in the
pamphlet .

76. IV.Broccoli
Origin:
Broccoli is classified in the Italica
cultivar group of the species Brassica olera.
F: ceacabbage.
A.C.:
1) Vitamin C.
2) Diindolylmethane.
3) Glucoraphanin which can convert into
anti cancer compound Sulforaphane.

77. Uses:
1) Prevents prostate cancer.
2) Prevents breast cancer.
3) Prevents cancer of colon & rectum.
4) Prevents bladder & stomach cancer.
 Side effects:
1) There’s not enough information to know if it
is safe in large medicinal amounts.
2) May cause allergic rash to hypersensitive
people.

78. Precautions:
- For pregnant & breast-feeding women in large
medicinal amounts.
Dose:
- Depends on several factors as the age and the
health.

79. DIM
Diindolylmethane
Is a compound naturally formed in the body
when cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli)
digested in human stomach.
Ingredients:
1) Cellulose.
2) Magnesium stearate.
3) Stearic acid.

80. Uses:
- Estrogen metabolites that are correlated with
healthy breast, endometrial, and cervical
tissues.
Dose:
1 to 4 tablets daily with meals.
Warnings:
1) Do not take it during pregnancy.
2) Do not use it if the safety seal is broken.
3) Keep out of reach of children.

81. Side effects:
No side effects are reported yet.
Comment:
- Broccoli is safe if we use it alone, when we add
some synthetic substances especially in pregnancy
it has some side effects.
- Pamphlet doesn’t mention all side effects so it’s
not ideal.

82. Conclusion
N.O. Drug name Plant name Gland name Pamphlet
1. Thyroid Essentials Kelp &
bladderwrack
Thyroid Ideal
2. Natural thyroformula Coleus
forskohlii
Thyroid Not ideal
3. Astragalus Extract Astragalus
propinquus
Adrenal
4. Ginsana capsules Ginseng Pancreas Not ideal
5. Resurge low-T formula Foenugreek Testis Not ideal
6. Flax seed Oil Flax seed Pituitary &
Ovaries
Not ideal
7. Klimadynon Cimicifuga
racemosa
Pituitary &
Ovaries
Not ideal
8. Agnucaston Chaste tree // Not ideal
9. Diindolylmethane Broccoli // Not ideal

83. References
http://shop.healthychoicenaturals.com/Natural-Thyroid-Remedy-p/
thyroid.htm
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/726.html
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-726-
BLADDERWRACK.aspx?activeIngredientId=726&activeIngredient
Name=BLADDERWRACK
http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/articles/kelp.htm
Wargovich, Michael J. 2001. Colon Cancer Chemoprevention With
Ginseng and Other Botanicals. Journal of Korean Medicine. Vol 16.
Kiefer, David. 2003. Panax Ginseng. American Family Physician. Vol.
68(8).
Predy, Gerald N, Vinti Goel, Ray Lovlin, Allan Donner, Larry Stitt, and
Tapan K. Basu. 2005. Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng
containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper
respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Canadian
Medical Association Journal. Vol. 173(9).
Harrison, H.C. Lasted updated in 2000. Ginseng.
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/ginseng.html
Grieve, M. Last updated in 2006. Ginseng.
http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/g/ginsen15.html

84. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2092578/reload=0;j
sessionid=6G8LJn6Og0WzYifolNdC.2
http://www.google.com.eg/books?hl=ar&lr=&id=Q8YOxB6
jXsIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=monograph+of++Astragalu
s&ots=LjqpGFEbC1&sig=Q4EKWlg2iYR2cVnZJ5lwKr8j
sXU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=monograph%20of%2
0%20Astragalus&f=false
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SZGY201105100.
htm

85. Names Numbers Duties
Sally Sameh 20451 Data Collector + summarizer
Sally Yousry 20452 Data Collector + summarizer
Sameh Gamal 20453 Data Collector + summarizer
Samya Abd El-Rahman 20454 Data Collector + summarizer
Sandra Maher 20455 Data Collector + summarizer
Sandy Maged 20456 Data Collector + summarizer
Sahar Ezzat 20457 Data Collector + summarizer
Sahar Mahmoud 20458 Data Collector + summarizer
Salma Ahmed 20459 Data Collector + Introduction
Salma Gamal 20460 Data Collector + summarizer
Salma Hussien 20461 Data Collector + summarizer
Salma Sameh 20462 Data Collector + summarizer
Salma Sayed 20463 Data Collector + summarizer
Salma Amr El-Bialy 20464 Data Collector + reviewer +Power point
Salma Mohamed Mady 20465 Data Collector + Power Point Designer
Salma Mohamed Yehia 20466 Data Collector + summarizer
Salwa Azmy 20467 Data Collector + summarizer
Samaa Abd El-Mongy 20468 Data Collector + summerizer

87. Thanks