There are approximately 280 known species of hawthorn, with the majority native to Eastern North America. The species most commonly referred to in herbalism are Crataegus oxyacantha, C. monogyna, and C. laevigata. Hawthorn is used medicinally to treat heart and blood vessel diseases such as congestive heart failure, chest pain, and irregular heartbeat. It may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol. Side effects can include nausea, dizziness, and headaches, and it can interact with medications for heart conditions and high blood pressure. Fennel is a common culinary and medicinal herb used to aid digestion and relieve gas and bloating. Its essential oil has anti