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Obenex is used as a supplement to reduce body fat and increase lean muscle mass while boosting energy and metabolism. It assists in thermogenesis and balancing body temperature to facilitate weight loss by stimulating the breakdown of fat cells. Obenex stimulates digestive enzymes and nutrient absorption, working on muscle and blood vessel tissues to lower blood pressure. Its main mechanism is activating the enzyme adenylate cyclase, which increases cAMP levels in cells and prompts many enzymes involved in cellular functions.
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The document discusses the endocrine system and some of its key glands and hormones. It specifically focuses on the growth hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the release of somatomedin from the liver to promote growth. The document also discusses post-prandial blood sugar and its importance for diabetics in indicating the pancreas' ability to produce sufficient insulin after eating.
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The digestive system breaks down food in multiple steps. In the stomach, partially digested food enters through peristalsis. The stomach then produces hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin to further break down proteins, while mucus protects the stomach from its own acid. The stomach muscles churn the food and mix it with acids and enzymes to form a creamy paste called chyme, which then exits into the small intestine through sphincter muscles.
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1. The digestive system begins in the mouth and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines.
2. In the mouth, food is chewed and saliva containing the enzyme amylase begins breaking down carbohydrates.
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This document provides information on the digestive system. It begins with an overview of digestion and the functions of the digestive system. It then describes the functional anatomy of the digestive system, including the primary and accessory digestive organs. The document focuses on the mouth and salivary glands, providing details on their anatomy, functions of saliva, and properties of saliva. It also discusses the stomach, including the anatomy and functions of the stomach and gastric juice. The document concludes with information on mechanisms of gastric secretion and an overview of gastritis.Regulation of digestion
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The digestive system is controlled by both the nervous system and hormones. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems regulate digestive activity through nerves like the greater splanchnic, lumbar splanchnic, and sacral splanchnic nerves (sympathetic) and the vagus nerves (parasympathetic). Key hormones that control digestion include gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and GIP. These hormones stimulate or inhibit processes like gastric juice secretion, bile production, and pancreatic juice secretion. Digestion is regulated in three phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases which involve neural and hormonal responses to prepare the GI tract for digestion and movement of food.
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The digestive system is regulated by both hormones and neural reflexes. Four important hormones - gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - are produced by enteroendocrine cells and stimulate or inhibit secretions and motility throughout the digestive tract. The nervous system also regulates digestion via three phases: the cephalic phase initiates digestion in response to sights and smells of food, the gastric phase promotes stomach emptying, and the intestinal phase promotes intestinal digestion while inhibiting stomach emptying and secretion.
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This document discusses appetite in health and diseases. In health, appetite is regulated by physical activity, growth, gender factors, sleep, weather, aging and types of food. The hypothalamus and gut-brain axis play key roles in homeostatic and reward-based appetite control. In diseases, changes in appetite can occur in obesity, neuropsychiatric conditions, endocrine/metabolic diseases, infections, lung/kidney diseases, and cachexia. Obesity is defined as excess body fat and can be caused by single-gene mutations affecting appetite regulators like MC4R and leptin.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system in 8 steps:
1) Mouth and esophagus where food is ingested and moved to the stomach through peristalsis.
2) Stomach which secretes gastric juices and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins.
3) Small intestine which receives secretions from the liver and pancreas that further digest food, and intestinal villi which absorb the digested nutrients.
4) Large intestine where water is absorbed and remaining waste is sent to the rectum.
5) Rectum and anus where undigested waste is stored and expelled.
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The digestive system is regulated by both hormones and neural reflexes. Four important hormones - gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - are produced by enteroendocrine cells and stimulate or inhibit secretions and motility throughout the digestive tract. The nervous system also regulates digestion via three phases: the cephalic phase initiates digestion in response to sights and smells of food, the gastric phase promotes stomach emptying, and the intestinal phase promotes intestinal digestion while inhibiting stomach emptying and secretion.
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Digestion refers to the breaking down of large food molecules into smaller molecules so that nutrients can be absorbed by the body. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. In the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed through the walls and into the bloodstream. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder aid in digestion by producing enzymes and bile that help break down fat.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system in 8 steps:
1) Mouth and esophagus where food is ingested and moved to the stomach through peristalsis.
2) Stomach which secretes gastric juices and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins.
3) Small intestine which receives secretions from the liver and pancreas that further digest food, and intestinal villi which absorb the digested nutrients.
4) Large intestine where water is absorbed and remaining waste is sent to the rectum.
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Hemptyshelly
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