The document discusses hemispheric specialization, where each hemisphere has specialized functions - the left hemisphere specializes in verbal and analytical functions while the right hemisphere specializes in non-verbal, spatial, and visual functions. Research has provided evidence for this through studying patients with brain damage, those who underwent split brain surgery to disconnect the hemispheres, and tests on intact brains like the Wada test.
Cognitive Neuroscience - Current Perspectives And Approaches Vivek Misra
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain.
In current slides, I tried to cover History, Basic Concepts and Research Methods currently used in cognitive neuroscience research.
Cognitive Neuroscience - Current Perspectives And Approaches Vivek Misra
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain.
In current slides, I tried to cover History, Basic Concepts and Research Methods currently used in cognitive neuroscience research.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
Cognitive Neuropsychology and Functional Brain Imaging: Implications for func...Dimitris Agorastos
Cognitive Neuropsychology and Functional Brain Imaging: Implications for functional and anatomical models of cognition. An introduction to the history of Neuropsychology and the methods that were used in this field over the last decades.
Nature of Cognitive Psychology & Current Trends
According to Neisser(1967), Cognitive Psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use and communicate information.
Cognitive Psychology deals with our mental life; what goes inside our heads when we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize, reason, decide, and so forth.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
Cognitive Neuropsychology and Functional Brain Imaging: Implications for func...Dimitris Agorastos
Cognitive Neuropsychology and Functional Brain Imaging: Implications for functional and anatomical models of cognition. An introduction to the history of Neuropsychology and the methods that were used in this field over the last decades.
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This file covers Developmental Plasticity including Synaptogenesis, Pruning, Migration and Myelination & Adaptive Plasticity including Rerouting & Sprouting. This file accompanies a Youtube clip made on this topic see my channel - Psyccounting
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Slide presentation from World Dyslexia Forum 2010 'Hemispheric specialization and dyslexia' by Dr Maria Luisa Lorusso
For all films: http://di-videos.org/player/worlddyslexiaforum/2010/#/lg/EN/
Human brain understanding the complex structureAnupama Saha
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, along with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem as well as the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and guarded by, the skull bones of the head.
The cerebrum is the largest of the human brain. It is divided into two cerebral hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is an outer layer of grey matter, covering the core of the white matter. Each hemisphere is conventionally divided into four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Within each lobe, cortical areas are associated with specific functions, such as the sensory, motor and association regions. Although the left and right hemispheres are broadly similar in shape and performance, some functions are related to one side, like language within the left and visual-spatial ability on the right. The hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by pairs of tracts. Underneath the cerebral cortex are several important structures, including the thalamus, the epithalamus, the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the subthalamus; the limbic structures, including the amygdala as well as the hippocampus; the claustrum, various nuclei of the basal ganglia; the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons within the brain. Brain activity is possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems. The whole circuitry is driven by the method of neurotransmission.
The study of the anatomy of the brain is neuroanatomy, while the study of its function is neuroscience. Numerous techniques are used to study the brain. Medical imaging technologies like functional neuroimaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are important in studying the brain. The medical history of people with a brain injury has provided insight into the function of each part of the brain.
lecture 6 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, focus is on split brain studies by Michael Gazzaniga, sulci, gyri, plasticity
Hemispheric specialization also known as cerebral lateralization refers to the functional asymmetry between the left and teh right hemispheres of the brain. This phenomenon allows each hemisphere to process certain cognitive functions differently.
USMLE NEUROANATOMY 016 White matter of the brain corpus calloum.pdfAHMED ASHOUR
Neurosurgery involving the white matter of the brain typically focuses on addressing specific conditions or abnormalities within this tissue. The white matter comprises nerve fibers, or axons, which are responsible for transmitting signals between different regions of the brain and connecting various parts of the central nervous system. Surgery involving the white matter of the brain is highly specialized and requires a thorough understanding of the brain's anatomy, neuroimaging, and advanced surgical techniques. Neurosurgeons carefully plan interventions to achieve therapeutic goals while minimizing damage to critical white matter tracts that play a crucial role in neural communication.
Neurolinguistics
Shari R. Baum and Sheila E. Blumstein:
Elisabeth Ahlsén:
Brain
Right brain – left brain
Lobes of the brain
Parts of Brain
Language and Brain
Broca’s area
Wernicke's area
2. Hemispheric
Specialisation
This is the idea that one hemisphere has
specialised functions, or that it exerts
greater control over a particular function. It
is also known as hemispheric dominance
and hemispheric lateralisation.
In reality both the left and right
hemispheres are involved in nearly all
functions.
3. The Left Hemisphere
The left hemisphere specialises in verbal and
analytical functions.
Verbal functions involve the use or recognition of
words eg. reading, writing, speaking and
understanding speech.
Analytical functions involve breaking down a task
into its key parts and approaching it in a sequential ,
‘step by step’ way, as is required when using logical
reasoning to interpret and apply a formula to solve a
maths problem.
4. The right Hemisphere
The right hemisphere specialises in non-
verbal functions that are not dependent on
language skills eg. Spatial and visual
thinking such as completing a jigsaw
puzzle, reading a map, recognising faces
and tunes; appreciating music and
artworks; creativity; and fantasy eg
daydreaming.
6. ACTIVITY
Identify the cerebral hemisphere (left or
right) that specialises in the following
cognitive and behavioural functions
1.Appreciating the beauty of a forest
2.Judging whether a car will fit into a
parking bay.
3.Listening to someone speak
4. Kicking a football with your left foot
7. Research on hemispheric
specialisation
There are three main approaches to
conducting research on hemispheric
specialisation.
•Studying people with brain damage
•Studying people after a split brain operation
•Studying people with intact brains
8. Brain Damage Paitents
• Provided evidence of localisation of
language skills (Broca’s and Wernicke’s
areas)
• Neglect syndrome, a disorder caused by
damage to the right hemisphere.
9. Neglect Syndrome
• Neglect syndrome is
a result of brain
damage to the right
areas of the right
cerebral hemisphere
• Patient believes the
left side of their
world does not exist
10. Split Brain Surgery
Patients who have undergone a procedure
called a split-brain operation have their
corpus callosum surgically cut, which is a
bundle of nerve fibres that connect the two
hemispheres thereby disconnecting one
hemisphere from the other. This procedure
was first used in the 1940’s to stop recurring
seizures in severe cases of epilepsy.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SpBc5Y0ES2s
11. Roger Sperry
• In the 1960’s Roger Sperry conducted a
series of tests which involved patients
viewing visual information being
presented to only one hemispheres
• Information presented to the left visual
field only (to the left side of patients
vision) was sent to the right hemisphere
of the brain and information presented
to the right visual field only was sent to
the left hemisphere.
12. Split brain studies reveal:
• Ability to verbally name and
identify words and objects flashed
to the left hemisphere.
• Inability to verbalise words or
name objects visually flashed to
the right hemisphere; patients can
identify these objects by touch
alone using their left hand (ie.
Controlled by the right
hemisphere)
• Spatial puzzles are solved better
using the left hand.
16. Wada Test
• Some of the best evidence relating to hemispheric
specialization comes from the Wada test—a procedure
carried out before brain surgery.
• In the Wada test each hemisphere is put to sleep at
different times by injecting anesthetic into a major
artery that leads only to that hemisphere. While one
hemisphere is anesthetized, the other remains awake
and conscious. Once half the brain is anesthetized,
doctors can interview the other half (if the patient is
capable of talking) or give instructions to perform
simple tasks. This helps to determine what skills or
abilities might be confined to one hemisphere.
17.
18. Tachistoscope
• What is it?
• How has it helped show evidence for
hemispheric specialisation
19. Revision
1. List three hemispheric specialisations of
each of the left and right hemispheres.
2. Describe neglect syndrome. What causes
it?
3. Explain how split brain surgery has
contributed to evidence to support
hemispheric specialisation.