Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by integrating gender perspectives into all policies, programs, and activities. It seeks to address inequalities that discriminate against both women and men. Gender mainstreaming is not just about improving access or balancing statistics - it targets major economic and social policies to ensure both women and men participate fully and benefit equally from development. It recognizes that gender affects lives from birth and aims to establish a balanced distribution of responsibilities between women and men through determined political action and support.
This presentation discusses gender as a development issue. It aims to understand gender and development, gender discriminations and inequalities, and the importance of addressing gender issues and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It provides data on global educational, health, economic, and political inequalities faced by women. While Bangladesh has made progress in some development indicators, it still faces challenges like lower female education rates, labor participation, and political representation. Existing policy gaps and recommendations to promote gender equality and women's empowerment are discussed to foster more inclusive development.
This document discusses gender and social development, covering several key topics:
1) It provides an overview of the Millennium Development Goals and achievements in promoting gender equality.
2) It examines theoretical perspectives on gender and development such as WID, GAD, and post-colonial feminist approaches.
3) Case studies are presented on achievements and ongoing challenges regarding gender equality in Latin America, Brazil, and other regions.
4) Programs promoting women's empowerment, such as Brazil's Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer, are also analyzed.
Gender sensitivity issues are arising in India that create inequality between men and women. Some key issues include inequality in healthcare, education, employment, nutrition, religion, politics, travel rights, and increased violence against women. Women face discrimination and barriers in many areas of life. Addressing gender sensitivity and reducing sexism is important for generating respect for all individuals regardless of gender.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
by Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull, of Kulima Integrated Development Solutions.
Created for a CCAFS Training of Trainers (ToT) on gender, climate change, agriculture, and food security in New Delhi, India, 25-26 November 2011.
Gender issues can impact health in several ways. Biologically, men and women have differences in chromosomes, hormones, physiology and risk factors for certain diseases. Socially, gender roles and inequalities influence access to resources and health outcomes. For many diseases like heart disease, stroke and tuberculosis, prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women. Gender also affects exposure and vulnerability to conditions like malaria, HIV and road traffic accidents. Addressing gender in health policies, programs and research is crucial to promote equality and improve health for all.
The document discusses gender issues and how they arise from gender gaps caused by socially determined roles of women and men. It defines sex as the biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to the economic, social and cultural roles, opportunities, and expectations associated with being male or female in a society.
Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by integrating gender perspectives into all policies, programs, and activities. It seeks to address inequalities that discriminate against both women and men. Gender mainstreaming is not just about improving access or balancing statistics - it targets major economic and social policies to ensure both women and men participate fully and benefit equally from development. It recognizes that gender affects lives from birth and aims to establish a balanced distribution of responsibilities between women and men through determined political action and support.
This presentation discusses gender as a development issue. It aims to understand gender and development, gender discriminations and inequalities, and the importance of addressing gender issues and achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It provides data on global educational, health, economic, and political inequalities faced by women. While Bangladesh has made progress in some development indicators, it still faces challenges like lower female education rates, labor participation, and political representation. Existing policy gaps and recommendations to promote gender equality and women's empowerment are discussed to foster more inclusive development.
This document discusses gender and social development, covering several key topics:
1) It provides an overview of the Millennium Development Goals and achievements in promoting gender equality.
2) It examines theoretical perspectives on gender and development such as WID, GAD, and post-colonial feminist approaches.
3) Case studies are presented on achievements and ongoing challenges regarding gender equality in Latin America, Brazil, and other regions.
4) Programs promoting women's empowerment, such as Brazil's Bolsa Familia conditional cash transfer, are also analyzed.
Gender sensitivity issues are arising in India that create inequality between men and women. Some key issues include inequality in healthcare, education, employment, nutrition, religion, politics, travel rights, and increased violence against women. Women face discrimination and barriers in many areas of life. Addressing gender sensitivity and reducing sexism is important for generating respect for all individuals regardless of gender.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
by Katharine Vincent and Tracy Cull, of Kulima Integrated Development Solutions.
Created for a CCAFS Training of Trainers (ToT) on gender, climate change, agriculture, and food security in New Delhi, India, 25-26 November 2011.
Gender issues can impact health in several ways. Biologically, men and women have differences in chromosomes, hormones, physiology and risk factors for certain diseases. Socially, gender roles and inequalities influence access to resources and health outcomes. For many diseases like heart disease, stroke and tuberculosis, prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women. Gender also affects exposure and vulnerability to conditions like malaria, HIV and road traffic accidents. Addressing gender in health policies, programs and research is crucial to promote equality and improve health for all.
The document discusses gender issues and how they arise from gender gaps caused by socially determined roles of women and men. It defines sex as the biological differences between males and females, while gender refers to the economic, social and cultural roles, opportunities, and expectations associated with being male or female in a society.
The document discusses several gender analysis frameworks that can be used to assess how policies, programs, and projects differentially impact men and women. It describes frameworks like the Harvard Analytical Framework, Moser's triple roles framework, and Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework. Each framework asks different questions to analyze factors like who does what work, who has access to and control over resources, and how interventions may affect gender roles, status, and responsibilities.
Gender sensitive issue and woman empowermentNiketa Joseph
The document discusses gender sensitivity issues and women empowerment in India. It covers topics like the definition of gender and gender sensitivity, gender disparities in different fields, and issues like sexual harassment. It notes that 54% of sexual harassment cases in India occurred in workplaces from 2014-2017. It discusses the historical roles of men and women in society and theories around differences in male and female communication styles. It outlines objectives to address gender sensitivity issues through approaches like skill-building for communication and patient-centered care. The document also discusses women empowerment, related policies and schemes in India, and the steady changes over time in women's status and position in society.
The document discusses the concepts of sex and gender, explaining that sex refers to biological differences between males and females while gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of behavior. It explores topics such as sex and gender roles as well as sex role stereotypes, providing examples of behaviors and roles that are considered masculine or feminine. The document aims to increase understanding of how gender is socially constructed rather than determined by biological sex.
This document outlines objectives and sessions for a gender sensitization and technical capacity building training workshop for radio staff. The training aims to raise awareness of gender issues among radio production teams and help them advocate for gender equality through their programs.
The first session discusses gender broadcasting and how community radio can be used to sensitize audiences and promote development from a gender perspective. The second session covers emerging concepts in radio production like documentaries, talk shows and addressing issues like sensationalism. The third session looks at refining traditional tools and techniques from a gender perspective, including storytelling, radio portraits and public service messages. The final session involves group planning of a program on a gender issue.
This document summarizes a study on perceptions of gender equality in Mangaluru, India. The study utilized primary and secondary data from a sample of 100 people in Mangaluru. Key findings include that the majority of respondents feel women and men are not treated equally and women are not safe or given equal opportunities. Most women reported facing exploitation in the forms of sexual harassment, dowry, illiteracy, and unequal pay and promotions. While laws support equality, social barriers remain. The conclusion calls for continued efforts to protect women's interests and end exploitation through education, legal reforms, and increasing women's participation in the economy.
The document discusses the concept of gender mainstreaming. It began in 1985 at the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi and was further developed by the United Nations. Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by assessing how policies, programs, and legislation will impact men and women. It seeks to make gender perspectives central to all activities from policy development to implementation. The goal is to address inequalities that discriminate against both sexes and ensure initiatives work to reduce gender inequality.
Gender mainstreaming and gender analysis in work addressing risk reduction: G...Oxfam GB
Understanding how gender relations shape women’s and men’s lives is critical to disaster risk reduction (DRR). This is because women’s and men’s different roles, responsibilities, and access to resources influence how each will be affected by different hazards, and how they will cope with and recover from disaster. This presentation contains help and advice on mainstreaming gender in DRR work. This presentation is part of Oxfam GB's Gender and disaster risk reduction training pack available at www.oxfam.org.uk/genderdrrpack.
Strategy and plan of action for mainstreaming gender in ILRIILRI
1. Women comprise 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. However, women have limited access to extension services, technologies, and markets.
2. Integrating gender considerations throughout the project cycle, from design to implementation to evaluation, is important for ensuring gender equality and equity outcomes.
3. ILRI aims to mainstream gender in its organizational structure, research, and partnerships to promote equality of opportunities and outcomes for women and men in the livestock sector. Key areas of focus include documenting gender evidence, collecting sex-disaggregated data, and strategic research on topics like gender and value
This document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts of sex and gender. It defines sex as the biological traits that distinguish males and females, while gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes ascribed to each sex in a given society. The training aims to promote understanding of gender equality and equity by recognizing the different experiences of both women and men and ensuring equal rights, treatment and sharing of opportunities and resources regardless of sex.
Gender mainstreaming involves assessing how policies and programs may differently affect men and women. It offers a pluralistic approach that values diversity among both sexes. Building supportive networks with people like friends, family, colleagues and community members can help narrow gender gaps through enabling participation and impact. Gender mainstreaming should be applied in contexts like behavior, culture and society to manifest aspects like work attitudes, virtues, and harmony.
An overview and summary on the research done for the Break the Silence: End Child Abuse Campaign. by Rhoda Reddock, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
Gender inequality persists in the workplace. While women now make up around half the workforce, they remain underrepresented in leadership positions and continue to earn less than men for similar work. This pay gap can be partially explained by women more often taking on lower-paying jobs and prioritizing family responsibilities over career advancement. However, gender biases and stereotypes also contribute significantly to inequality. Studies show women are judged more harshly than men and face barriers when breaking from traditional gender norms. Overcoming inequality will require addressing its deep-seated structural and societal causes, not just individual factors.
Present Situation of Women Empowerment in Bangladeshinventionjournals
The total development of Bangladesh will undoubtedly be hampered if the empowerment status of women, constituting about fifty percent of the country’s population will not be increased or remains as low as it nowadays. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze and determine the nature and extent of women’s empowerment and factors influencing it in Bangladesh using the data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007. The findings reveal that the overall mean values of Economic Decision Making Index (EDMI) are 0.661, 0.697, and 0.669 and the overall mean values of Household Decision Making Index (HDMI) are 0.604, 0.646, and 0.613 for rural, urban and combined group respectively. It is observed that lowest age group has lowest mean values of EDMI and HDMI for all three (rural, urban and combined) groups. The mean EDMI is the highest when respondents age at marriage is <14 for both rural and urban areas and for combined groups. It is found that household head has negative significant effect on both EDMI and HDMI. Women living in urban area, involved with income generating activities are more empowered than their counterpart. The mean value of EDMI is larger than that of HDMI which indicates that women are less empowered in household decision making purpose than economic decision making. Between the two dimensions of empowerment, obviously urban women are relatively more empowered than that of rural women.
The document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
The document discusses gender issues related to sustainable development. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender awareness and sensitivity. It notes that while women make up half the world's population, they earn only 10% of income and own less than 1% of property, and highlights gender gaps in areas like education, employment and political participation. The document also examines how environmental problems disproportionately impact women and outlines various global initiatives and good practices to promote sustainable gender development and address gender concerns.
Gender, Mental health and Violence Against Women Ranjani K.Murthy
This presentation looks at the inter-linkages between gender, mental health, violence against women and girls. It argues that it is only recently that International Conventions and Declarations have started looking at three variables together.
The presentation calls for strategies to address the linkages at the policy, protocol development, capacity building (of service providers), programmes (for women's empowerment) and at the level of understanding perpetrators.and engaging with men and boys.
Gender mainstreaming-in-electoral-process-pakistanzia ur rahim
Gender mainstreaming is a strategy for achieving gender equality by ensuring that both women and men have equal access to opportunities and resources at all levels of development. The concept was first proposed in 1985 and formally featured at the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing. The Election Commission of Pakistan supports gender mainstreaming and increasing women's participation in the electoral process, such as through its Gender Corner and using technology like social media. Ensuring conditions like political rights, citizenship, and access to information can help promote gender equality.
There’s the pandemic you know about, and all too well. It’s rightfully crowding the headlines of your newspaper and occupying the minds of government leaders. It’s taking loved ones, imperiling heroes in scrubs, threatening neighbors at the cash register, and suddenly.........
For more read visit https://bit.ly/2EgMNRp
This document provides an overview of key concepts in understanding gender and development, including:
(1) Definitions of gender, sex, and theories of gender differences such as biological determinism and gender socialization.
(2) The evolution of studying gender from a focus on sex differences to recognizing social and cultural influences on gender roles.
(3) Feminist theories that have influenced the study of gender including liberal, radical, Marxist, socialist feminism and third world political economy approaches.
(4) Different research approaches in gender studies such as feminist empiricism, standpoint theory, and postmodernism.
Fertility behaviour and women's empowerment in oyo stateAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that examines the relationship between women's empowerment and fertility behavior in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study found that 51% of respondents were not using family planning methods, though most had at least a primary school education. It also found that discussing the number of children to have significantly affects women's fertility. The study concludes that increasing education for both men and women, and encouraging family planning use, can help empower women and reduce fertility rates.
The document discusses several gender analysis frameworks that can be used to assess how policies, programs, and projects differentially impact men and women. It describes frameworks like the Harvard Analytical Framework, Moser's triple roles framework, and Longwe's Women's Empowerment Framework. Each framework asks different questions to analyze factors like who does what work, who has access to and control over resources, and how interventions may affect gender roles, status, and responsibilities.
Gender sensitive issue and woman empowermentNiketa Joseph
The document discusses gender sensitivity issues and women empowerment in India. It covers topics like the definition of gender and gender sensitivity, gender disparities in different fields, and issues like sexual harassment. It notes that 54% of sexual harassment cases in India occurred in workplaces from 2014-2017. It discusses the historical roles of men and women in society and theories around differences in male and female communication styles. It outlines objectives to address gender sensitivity issues through approaches like skill-building for communication and patient-centered care. The document also discusses women empowerment, related policies and schemes in India, and the steady changes over time in women's status and position in society.
The document discusses the concepts of sex and gender, explaining that sex refers to biological differences between males and females while gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of behavior. It explores topics such as sex and gender roles as well as sex role stereotypes, providing examples of behaviors and roles that are considered masculine or feminine. The document aims to increase understanding of how gender is socially constructed rather than determined by biological sex.
This document outlines objectives and sessions for a gender sensitization and technical capacity building training workshop for radio staff. The training aims to raise awareness of gender issues among radio production teams and help them advocate for gender equality through their programs.
The first session discusses gender broadcasting and how community radio can be used to sensitize audiences and promote development from a gender perspective. The second session covers emerging concepts in radio production like documentaries, talk shows and addressing issues like sensationalism. The third session looks at refining traditional tools and techniques from a gender perspective, including storytelling, radio portraits and public service messages. The final session involves group planning of a program on a gender issue.
This document summarizes a study on perceptions of gender equality in Mangaluru, India. The study utilized primary and secondary data from a sample of 100 people in Mangaluru. Key findings include that the majority of respondents feel women and men are not treated equally and women are not safe or given equal opportunities. Most women reported facing exploitation in the forms of sexual harassment, dowry, illiteracy, and unequal pay and promotions. While laws support equality, social barriers remain. The conclusion calls for continued efforts to protect women's interests and end exploitation through education, legal reforms, and increasing women's participation in the economy.
The document discusses the concept of gender mainstreaming. It began in 1985 at the Third World Conference on Women in Nairobi and was further developed by the United Nations. Gender mainstreaming aims to promote gender equality by assessing how policies, programs, and legislation will impact men and women. It seeks to make gender perspectives central to all activities from policy development to implementation. The goal is to address inequalities that discriminate against both sexes and ensure initiatives work to reduce gender inequality.
Gender mainstreaming and gender analysis in work addressing risk reduction: G...Oxfam GB
Understanding how gender relations shape women’s and men’s lives is critical to disaster risk reduction (DRR). This is because women’s and men’s different roles, responsibilities, and access to resources influence how each will be affected by different hazards, and how they will cope with and recover from disaster. This presentation contains help and advice on mainstreaming gender in DRR work. This presentation is part of Oxfam GB's Gender and disaster risk reduction training pack available at www.oxfam.org.uk/genderdrrpack.
Strategy and plan of action for mainstreaming gender in ILRIILRI
1. Women comprise 43% of the agricultural workforce in developing countries and account for two-thirds of the world's 600 million poor livestock keepers. However, women have limited access to extension services, technologies, and markets.
2. Integrating gender considerations throughout the project cycle, from design to implementation to evaluation, is important for ensuring gender equality and equity outcomes.
3. ILRI aims to mainstream gender in its organizational structure, research, and partnerships to promote equality of opportunities and outcomes for women and men in the livestock sector. Key areas of focus include documenting gender evidence, collecting sex-disaggregated data, and strategic research on topics like gender and value
This document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts of sex and gender. It defines sex as the biological traits that distinguish males and females, while gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes ascribed to each sex in a given society. The training aims to promote understanding of gender equality and equity by recognizing the different experiences of both women and men and ensuring equal rights, treatment and sharing of opportunities and resources regardless of sex.
Gender mainstreaming involves assessing how policies and programs may differently affect men and women. It offers a pluralistic approach that values diversity among both sexes. Building supportive networks with people like friends, family, colleagues and community members can help narrow gender gaps through enabling participation and impact. Gender mainstreaming should be applied in contexts like behavior, culture and society to manifest aspects like work attitudes, virtues, and harmony.
An overview and summary on the research done for the Break the Silence: End Child Abuse Campaign. by Rhoda Reddock, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
Gender inequality persists in the workplace. While women now make up around half the workforce, they remain underrepresented in leadership positions and continue to earn less than men for similar work. This pay gap can be partially explained by women more often taking on lower-paying jobs and prioritizing family responsibilities over career advancement. However, gender biases and stereotypes also contribute significantly to inequality. Studies show women are judged more harshly than men and face barriers when breaking from traditional gender norms. Overcoming inequality will require addressing its deep-seated structural and societal causes, not just individual factors.
Present Situation of Women Empowerment in Bangladeshinventionjournals
The total development of Bangladesh will undoubtedly be hampered if the empowerment status of women, constituting about fifty percent of the country’s population will not be increased or remains as low as it nowadays. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze and determine the nature and extent of women’s empowerment and factors influencing it in Bangladesh using the data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2007. The findings reveal that the overall mean values of Economic Decision Making Index (EDMI) are 0.661, 0.697, and 0.669 and the overall mean values of Household Decision Making Index (HDMI) are 0.604, 0.646, and 0.613 for rural, urban and combined group respectively. It is observed that lowest age group has lowest mean values of EDMI and HDMI for all three (rural, urban and combined) groups. The mean EDMI is the highest when respondents age at marriage is <14 for both rural and urban areas and for combined groups. It is found that household head has negative significant effect on both EDMI and HDMI. Women living in urban area, involved with income generating activities are more empowered than their counterpart. The mean value of EDMI is larger than that of HDMI which indicates that women are less empowered in household decision making purpose than economic decision making. Between the two dimensions of empowerment, obviously urban women are relatively more empowered than that of rural women.
The document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
- Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and behaviors of men and women, as opposed to sex which refers to biological differences.
- Patriarchy involves the control of women's productive labor, reproduction, sexuality, and property by men in society.
- Gender roles are expectations of how men and women should behave and the types of work they do in a society.
- Gender equality means equal status and opportunities for men and women, while gender equity recognizes different needs and may require different treatment.
- Women's empowerment involves increasing women's power and control over their lives through awareness, self-confidence, access to resources, and transforming discriminatory structures.
The document discusses gender issues related to sustainable development. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender awareness and sensitivity. It notes that while women make up half the world's population, they earn only 10% of income and own less than 1% of property, and highlights gender gaps in areas like education, employment and political participation. The document also examines how environmental problems disproportionately impact women and outlines various global initiatives and good practices to promote sustainable gender development and address gender concerns.
Gender, Mental health and Violence Against Women Ranjani K.Murthy
This presentation looks at the inter-linkages between gender, mental health, violence against women and girls. It argues that it is only recently that International Conventions and Declarations have started looking at three variables together.
The presentation calls for strategies to address the linkages at the policy, protocol development, capacity building (of service providers), programmes (for women's empowerment) and at the level of understanding perpetrators.and engaging with men and boys.
Gender mainstreaming-in-electoral-process-pakistanzia ur rahim
Gender mainstreaming is a strategy for achieving gender equality by ensuring that both women and men have equal access to opportunities and resources at all levels of development. The concept was first proposed in 1985 and formally featured at the 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing. The Election Commission of Pakistan supports gender mainstreaming and increasing women's participation in the electoral process, such as through its Gender Corner and using technology like social media. Ensuring conditions like political rights, citizenship, and access to information can help promote gender equality.
There’s the pandemic you know about, and all too well. It’s rightfully crowding the headlines of your newspaper and occupying the minds of government leaders. It’s taking loved ones, imperiling heroes in scrubs, threatening neighbors at the cash register, and suddenly.........
For more read visit https://bit.ly/2EgMNRp
This document provides an overview of key concepts in understanding gender and development, including:
(1) Definitions of gender, sex, and theories of gender differences such as biological determinism and gender socialization.
(2) The evolution of studying gender from a focus on sex differences to recognizing social and cultural influences on gender roles.
(3) Feminist theories that have influenced the study of gender including liberal, radical, Marxist, socialist feminism and third world political economy approaches.
(4) Different research approaches in gender studies such as feminist empiricism, standpoint theory, and postmodernism.
Fertility behaviour and women's empowerment in oyo stateAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a journal article that examines the relationship between women's empowerment and fertility behavior in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study found that 51% of respondents were not using family planning methods, though most had at least a primary school education. It also found that discussing the number of children to have significantly affects women's fertility. The study concludes that increasing education for both men and women, and encouraging family planning use, can help empower women and reduce fertility rates.
This document discusses gender and its importance for nutrition. It defines gender as a social construct that can vary between societies and over time, concerning socially acceptable norms and behaviors. It explains that some factors like biological sex are determined by genetics, while others like gender roles and expectations are socially and culturally determined. The document outlines how gender norms can impact nutrition outcomes and why addressing gender is important for improving nutrition. It discusses challenges with rigid gender norms and the need to involve all members of the household, including men, in nutrition initiatives. The document also reviews international commitments and funder priorities around promoting gender equality.
This document provides a summary of research conducted online and from other sources about healthy sexuality and sexuality education. It includes definitions of key terms, rationales for sexuality education, guidelines and frameworks from organizations in the US, Canada, and UK. The document is a draft that compiles this information under different themes to support the researcher's work in developing sexuality education materials.
Shifting Gender Norms, 2 Iccp (Nx Power Lite)nikoleye
This document summarizes an intervention program aimed at shifting gender norms and engaging young men in health and gender equity initiatives. It discusses how gender norms influence individual and community health and higher morbidity rates among young men. It also outlines various emerging intervention programs that use group workshops, social marketing campaigns, and male-friendly health services to promote more equitable relationships and gender norms. The document concludes by discussing lessons learned, such as the need to explicitly discuss masculinities and the importance of evaluation research on changing attitudes and behaviors.
The document discusses gender as a social determinant of health and the implications for Australian women's health policy. It notes that recent health policies have recognized gender as the main social determinant responsible for health inequities worldwide. However, it argues that there is a politics associated with gender as a social determinant that can both help and hinder advancing feminist health interests and projects. It maintains that enduring structural gender inequality and male dominance continue to impact women's health by limiting their access to resources and participation in decision making, and through embodied experiences of conditions arising from this inequality. For progress to be made, feminist health projects need to navigate the local politics surrounding gender as a social determinant of health.
This document provides an overview of key gender concepts and issues. It defines terms like sex, gender, gender equality, and gender equity. It also discusses gender roles and stereotypes. The document outlines different approaches to gender and development such as welfare, women in development, and empowerment models. It notes the importance of understanding both male and female roles, needs, and perspectives to effectively promote gender equality.
Presentation Masculinities in Hiv Jerker 11 11 08 (V2)IDS
The document discusses research on masculinities and how it can be applied to issues of HIV, sex, and health. It outlines key findings from masculinity research, including that there are multiple masculinities that exist, how masculinities are socially constructed and learned over time, and that they are complex and dynamic. It then discusses how early HIV prevention approaches relied on simplistic gender binaries and narratives that did not engage men effectively. It argues for moving beyond binary understandings of gender and vulnerability to recognize complexities.
Sex education provides instruction on issues relating to human sexuality including relationships, sexual anatomy, activity, reproduction, consent, health, rights, and birth control. It aims to provide comprehensive information to help people make informed decisions. Evidence shows that comprehensive sex education that includes contraception information can reduce unintended pregnancies and STIs when combined with access to birth control, while abstinence-only education may increase risks. Sources of sex education include informal conversations, as well as planned instruction in schools or from health organizations.
Ms. g malayang rights-based approach to genderrigelsuarez
The document provides an overview of a training module on integrating gender concepts into family planning and reproductive health. It defines key terms like gender, reproductive health and rights-based approach. Gender is socially constructed and influences health outcomes. Women typically have multiple roles and less access/control over resources than men. This can impact family planning needs and service delivery if gender biases are not addressed. Integrating a gender and rights perspective is important for equitable and effective reproductive healthcare.
Do you feel the assessment was an appropriate tool If so, why, an.docxelinoraudley582231
Do you feel the assessment was an appropriate tool? If so, why, and how could it be beneficial? If not, what were the drawbacks of the assessments?
The Female Sexual Function Index comes out as an assessment tool which mainly focuses on women, therefore, accomplishing its intended purpose. Each of the 19 items tested by the series of questions in the questionnaire touches on the sexual experiences of women prior to, during, or before sexual intercourse making it an appropriate tool to measure the sexual functioning of women. This tool is beneficial for clinical diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction and can be used to identify signs and symptoms of female orgasmic disorder (FOD) and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women (Metson, 2003).
How? The series of questions focuses on six domains which are; desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Each of the questions is classified under either domain mainly focusing on the female experiences over time. For example, when it comes to desire, there are two questions which ask about the frequency of sexual desire in the past one month as well as the degree of sexual desire over the same time period. Thus, we can argue that each of the domains has been intensively investigated to come up with the most viable result to be used for the relevant clinical purposes. Besides this, the assessment tool is reliable and relevant since it can be used to indicate different variables in each of the tested domains. The different responses for every question have been assigned different scores which are consistent with the kind of feedback which is to be expected.
References
Cindy M. Metson, (2003). Validation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in Women with Female Orgasmic Disorder and in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872178/
According to the CDC the HIV/AIDS reports, African-Americans are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and disparity continues to widen. African Americans represent approximately 12% of the U.S. population, but they account for approximately 43% of HIV diagnoses. The African-Americans who die of HIV/Aids represents 44% of the deaths in the U.S. The worst hit category are the black women, the youths, gays and bisexual men. Dr. Donna Hubbard McCree (2013) notes that HIV/AIDS epidemics among the blacks results from factors including poverty, lack of awareness of HIV status, stigma that prevent the majority from seeking help, high rate of sexually transmitted infection, sexual networks, lack of access to adequate health care and lack sexual education among the most affected population.
Even though recent reports demonstrate encouraging trends of reducing HIV infections among the black population, new diagnoses still occur among the black gay and bisexual men. Therefore, even with continued intervention, disproportionate trends continue among the black population continue to be re.
Sex education provides instruction on issues relating to human sexuality including relationships, sexual anatomy, activity, reproduction, consent, health, and rights. It aims to give comprehensive and medically accurate information to help adolescents make informed decisions. Evidence shows that comprehensive sex education which includes discussion of contraception can help reduce risky behaviors and unintended pregnancy rates compared to abstinence-only programs. It is considered important by health organizations for promoting sexual health, well-being, communication and informed decision making among youth.
Glossary of gender related terms and conceptsiesjacaranda
This document provides definitions for key gender-related terms used in development work. It defines sex as the biological characteristics that define humans as male or female. Gender is defined as the socially constructed roles, relationships, and attributes ascribed to the two sexes. Other terms defined include gender equality, gender equity, practical gender needs, strategic gender interests, and gender mainstreaming. Gender analysis and how projects can be designed to be gender-neutral, gender-sensitive, or gender-transformative are also summarized.
Race plays a significant role in health outcomes according to the document. When addressing racial equity and health, it is important to examine the structural and systemic roots of social and economic disparities. The document discusses how unconscious and institutional racism negatively impact health through policies that concentrate environmental hazards and disparities in education, incarceration rates, and access to opportunities in certain racial groups. The solution involves training on racial equity, using data to identify racial inequities, and assessing programs through a health equity lens.
This document provides an overview of religious and political opposition to reproductive health and rights around the world. It introduces three leading organizations that advocate for sexual and reproductive rights - IPPF, SIECUS, and Planned Parenthood - and their missions. The document then examines 13 common tactics used by opponents, such as promoting abstinence-only education, disparaging condom use, and restricting access to emergency contraception. For each tactic, it provides details on the strategy and goals of opponents as well as useful facts advocates can use to promote comprehensive sexual health.
The document summarizes agreed conclusions from 2004 on engaging men and boys in gender equality. It calls for (1) gender-equitable education, (2) engaging men as fathers in child-rearing and caregiving, and (3) institutionalizing the inclusion of men and boys in gender policies. It also analyzes a 2010 report on how national policies can promote gender equality by involving men in health, violence prevention, parenting, employment, and reducing gender-based violence. The study examines policy advances, challenges, and gaps in engaging men as equal partners.
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Course NameINTRODUCTION TO HOS.docxlesleyryder69361
ASSIGNMENT
COVER SHEET
Course Name:
INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Course Number:
PHC-231
CRN:
Presentation title or task:
(You can write a question)
Paper Assignment Topic
1. Discuss Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABI) "or" Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) outbreak in long-term acute care hospital settings. Address the following in your report:
a) Characterize the epidemiology and microbiology
b) Describe the agent, and identify the host and the environment that is favorable for the infection.
c) Discuss how the infections spread and the types of prevention and control measures
d) Identify a population and develop a hypothesis about possible causes in a testable format with standard statistical notation (the null and the alternative)
e) Explain how you would choose controls to test this hypothesis?
Student Name:
Student ID No:
Submission Date:
Release date: Sunday, March 15, 2020 (12:01 AM)
Due date: Thursday, April 02, 2020 (11:59 PM)
To be filed by the instructor
Instructor Name:
Instructor's Name
Grade:
…. Out of 10
Submission Guidelines:
1. Font should be 12 Times New Roman
2. Heading should be Bold
3. The text color should be Black
4. Line spacing should be 1.5
5. Avoid Plagiarism
6. Assignments must be submitted with the filled cover page
7. Assignments must carry the references using APA style. Please see below web link about how to cite APA reference style. Click or tap to follow the link: https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext.
|---Good Luck---|
Page 2 of 2
Gender as Social Determinant of Health
ObjectivesDifferentiate between sex and gender
Consider the importance of sex and gender as health determinantsImpact on health outcomes Gender identity and sexual identity impact on health
Sex: biological and physiological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes or hormones.It is usually difficult to change.Example: only women bear children, only men have testicular cancer
Gender: norms, roles and relationships of and between women and men. It varies from society to society and can be changed.
Sex and Gender
Gender is socially constructed
Components of gender
Socialization process
Gender Norms
Gender Roles
Gender Relations
Gender Stereotypes
Gender-based division of labor
Gender Norms
Beliefs about women and men
Are passed from generation to generation through the process of socialization
Change over time
Religious or cultural traditions contribute to defining expected behavior of men and women at different ages
Many men and women consider gender norms to be the “natural order of things”
Gender norms lead to inequality if they reinforce:
mistreatment of one group or sex over the other
differences in power and opportunities
Gender roles and relations
Gender roles
What men and women can and should do in a .
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Course NameINTRODUCTION TO HOS.docxbraycarissa250
ASSIGNMENT
COVER SHEET
Course Name:
INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Course Number:
PHC-231
CRN:
Presentation title or task:
(You can write a question)
Paper Assignment Topic
1. Discuss Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABI) "or" Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) outbreak in long-term acute care hospital settings. Address the following in your report:
a) Characterize the epidemiology and microbiology
b) Describe the agent, and identify the host and the environment that is favorable for the infection.
c) Discuss how the infections spread and the types of prevention and control measures
d) Identify a population and develop a hypothesis about possible causes in a testable format with standard statistical notation (the null and the alternative)
e) Explain how you would choose controls to test this hypothesis?
Student Name:
Student ID No:
Submission Date:
Release date: Sunday, March 15, 2020 (12:01 AM)
Due date: Thursday, April 02, 2020 (11:59 PM)
To be filed by the instructor
Instructor Name:
Instructor's Name
Grade:
…. Out of 10
Submission Guidelines:
1. Font should be 12 Times New Roman
2. Heading should be Bold
3. The text color should be Black
4. Line spacing should be 1.5
5. Avoid Plagiarism
6. Assignments must be submitted with the filled cover page
7. Assignments must carry the references using APA style. Please see below web link about how to cite APA reference style. Click or tap to follow the link: https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext.
|---Good Luck---|
Page 2 of 2
Gender as Social Determinant of Health
ObjectivesDifferentiate between sex and gender
Consider the importance of sex and gender as health determinantsImpact on health outcomes Gender identity and sexual identity impact on health
Sex: biological and physiological characteristics of males and females, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes or hormones.It is usually difficult to change.Example: only women bear children, only men have testicular cancer
Gender: norms, roles and relationships of and between women and men. It varies from society to society and can be changed.
Sex and Gender
Gender is socially constructed
Components of gender
Socialization process
Gender Norms
Gender Roles
Gender Relations
Gender Stereotypes
Gender-based division of labor
Gender Norms
Beliefs about women and men
Are passed from generation to generation through the process of socialization
Change over time
Religious or cultural traditions contribute to defining expected behavior of men and women at different ages
Many men and women consider gender norms to be the “natural order of things”
Gender norms lead to inequality if they reinforce:
mistreatment of one group or sex over the other
differences in power and opportunities
Gender roles and relations
Gender roles
What men and women can and should do in a ...
What is Gender...??? Describe in detail. Gender And Sex..??? written By Rizw...Rizwan Hussainy
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to gender mainstreaming and equality, including:
1. It defines important terms like gender, sex, gender discrimination, and the differences between equality and equity.
2. It explains the shift from Women in Development (WID) approaches to Gender and Development (GAD) approaches, which focus on unequal power relations rather than just integrating women.
3. It describes the concept of gender mainstreaming as making women's and men's concerns integral to policies and programs, and outlines some of the myths and challenges related to implementation.
4. It also discusses related topics like gender needs, women's empowerment, gender planning, gender analysis, and gender-responsive
The document discusses research on health care access disparities among Latino populations and their families. It notes that Latinos are more likely than other groups to have uninsured family members. Research shows socioeconomic factors play a role, but people of color experience different health care even with similar insurance and conditions. The document then outlines several research implications and opportunities for systemic interventions to address barriers Latinos face in accessing health care.
This document summarizes self-care initiatives for sexual and reproductive health. It discusses the WHO definition of self-care, and examples like the Caya diaphragm introduced in Niger through the EECO project. Over 600 diaphragm kits were sold or distributed there from 2019-2020. The DOT app was marketed in India to help women track their periods and fertility. Looking ahead, more evidence is still needed on specific self-care interventions and how to evaluate them, while building advocacy and addressing regulatory questions. COVID-19 also impacts future self-care work.
- The SASS Project aimed to assess how well California high schools complied with the California Healthy Youth Act (CHYA) standards for comprehensive sex education, from the perspective of students.
- Students at 13 LAUSD high schools completed an anonymous online survey assessing their sex ed classes' coverage of CHYA standards and classroom environment.
- Results showed a range of compliance across schools, with strongest coverage of HIV topics and weakest coverage of gender/sexuality and contraception. Classroom environment also varied, with teachers generally comfortable but time limited.
- The findings could help identify areas of improvement, but LAUSD had not yet decided to formally incorporate the student surveys or provide feedback to schools.
This document discusses the persistence of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) despite evidence that it does not improve neonatal outcomes for low-risk pregnancies compared to intermittent auscultation. While EFM was introduced to screen for fetal distress and reduce cerebral palsy rates, multiple studies have found it does not achieve these goals. However, EFM continues to be used in 85% of deliveries and has led to increased cesarean rates and costs without clear benefits. The document examines possible explanations for EFM's persistence, including the influence of law and economics, and calls for more randomized trials before new medical technologies are widely adopted.
This document provides information about the Durbar intervention for HIV prevention among sex workers in Kolkata, India. It summarizes the evolution of the intervention over time from community mapping and advocacy in 1991 to establishing community organizations and microfinance opportunities for sex workers in 1995. Key aspects of the intervention included community mobilization, empowerment training, peer health workers, and addressing structural barriers faced by sex workers. The document also summarizes a replication study conducted by UCLA which found that the Durbar intervention was successful in increasing condom use and empowerment outcomes among sex workers compared to standard STI clinic care alone. Factors like education level, employment status, and age predicted which sex workers benefited most from the additional community structural intervention components.
This document provides an overview of challenges in implementing sexual and reproductive health rights in Southern Africa, using examples from Botswana, South Africa, and Eswatini. It discusses how international law establishes these rights but they still face challenges in practice. Key issues include lack of legal protections, socio-cultural norms that discriminate against women, and lack of resources. While countries have laws incorporating international standards, discrimination and harmful practices still undermine equal access to healthcare and decision making. Ensuring sexual and reproductive rights requires addressing both legal frameworks and social attitudes.
Justice Oagile Key Dingake, who has had a distinguished career as a judge in Botswana and is now a judge in Papua New Guinea and Sierra Leone, will be giving a lecture at UCLA on gender discrimination in sexual and reproductive health rights. Justice Dingake received his LLB from the University of Botswana and LLM and PhD from universities in the UK and South Africa. He is recognized as a leading scholar in sexual and reproductive rights and has held prominent roles in judicial organizations in Africa focused on health, HIV/AIDS, and social justice. The introduction praised Justice Dingake for his progressive opinions on gender equality that have made him equivalent to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader
UCLA, Bixby Center Lecture
"From horror to humor: Abortion on American television"
Gretchen Sisson, PhD
Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH)
UCSF Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health
Bixby Center Lecture
"Homeless and Vulnerable Youth in Los Angeles: Sexual and Reproductive Helth Challenges"
November 29, 2017
by Carrie Mounier, LCSW
This document discusses transformative approaches to sex education and violence prevention programs for youth. It outlines effective programs that seek to reduce risks and promote healthy relationships through gender transformative approaches. One such program is Program H, which uses a socio-ecological model to help boys and young men critically examine masculinity and promote gender equality, empathy, sexual health, and reduce dating violence. The document notes challenges in measuring the impact of such programs and how policies and funding can undermine social justice goals.
This document summarizes the Creating Space lactation accommodation project at UCLA. The project aims to improve support for breastfeeding mothers on campus by investing in lactation rooms, education, and support services. A needs assessment found few appropriate lactation spaces and a lack of support services. The project works to map and improve existing rooms, train lactation educators, and provide counseling services on campus.
KIHEFO is a local non-profit organization in Kabale District, Uganda dedicated to community development. It operates a medical clinic, HIV/AIDS clinic, nutrition center, and other projects focused on healthcare services and community development. Adolescent reproductive health is a major issue in Uganda, as 25% of the population is between 10-19 years old. Issues include lack of awareness, peer pressure, poverty, and cultural norms. Sexual activity begins early, and coercion, unwanted pregnancies, and STIs are problems. KIHEFO aims to address the integrated problems of disease, poverty, and lack of education through an integrated approach of healthcare services and community development projects.
This document outlines Caroline Maposhere's work advocating for LGBTI rights in Southern Africa. It discusses the legal criminalization of same-sex relations in many countries, which creates barriers to healthcare access and stigma. Community dialogues and human sexuality education sessions were used to raise awareness and address misconceptions. Key topics included the impact of criminalization on health, barriers like discrimination from providers, and training journalists, leaders, and LGBTI communities themselves. The conclusion recognizes that LGBTI people have always existed in Africa but are often denied and overlooked, and that advocacy must be conducted sensitively using appropriate approaches.
More from The Bixby Center on Population and Reproductive Health (20)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. Judith F. Helzner
Bixby Lecture
November 10, 2020
Gender Power Dynamics in Sexual &
Reproductive Health in the Global
South
2. In this lecture
Gender norms
Evolution of attention to gender in family
planning discourse and institutions
Evolution of “male involvement” in
sexual/reproductive health
- Frameworks
- Interventions
- Interagency Gender Working Group
Power in sexual relationships
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 2
3. What are gender norms?*
…“the collective and often unequal expectations about how women
and men should behave, feel, think and interact in a given society”
“Gender scripts” - enforced through social sanctions which effectively
limit behavior to actions aligned with ideas of masculinity or
femininity.
Gender norms inform health outcomes in sexual and reproductive
health. “Hegemonic” norms of masculinity can encourage male sexual
risk taking, dominance in relationships. Gender norms can predispose
women to passively accepting risks such as intimate partner violence,
unprotected intercourse, STI/HIV acquisition.
(Early) adolescence is a crucial period when gender norms are
internalized (eg, see Global Early Adolescent Study www.geastudy.org)
*from: Moreau et al. “Measuring gender norms about relationships in early adolescence: Results from the
global early adolescent study.” SSM-Population Health. 2019.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 3
4. How can gender norms change?*
Gender norm change takes time and effort
Programs (generally reach a limited number of people)
Government mandates, initiatives, and policies (e.g.,
Quebec’s non-transferable parental leave for fathers)
Social movements
Informational campaigns (e.g., radio soap operas)
Innovations and technology (e.g., anti-harassment
apps)
* https://promundoglobal.org/what-works-beyond-programming-to-shift-gender-
norms-on-a-large-scale/
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 4
5. Gender equality is a driving goal
– not “male involvement” per se
Chapter IV of the report of the 1994 International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD) ('Gender equality, equity, and
empowerment of women’) contains a section on 'Male responsibilities
and participation’:
'. . . the objective is to promote gender equality in all spheres of
life…and to encourage and enable men to take responsibility for their
sexual and reproductive behaviour and their social and family roles.’
(Paragraph 4.25)
“Gender analysis” of family planning/reproductive health programs
was considered radical or unnecessary in the past
- Methodology developed for agriculture and other male-dominated
development programs
- “Family planning is already focused on women, they give birth!”
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 5
6. Gender in family planning institutions
Just because family planning organizations deal with women, it
does not necessarily mean they are by nature gender-sensitive,
gender-transformative, or feminist.
Gender power dynamics play out in multiple aspects of SRH:
- Philosophy of programs: early “target mentality” focused on
numbers, versus later human-centered “reproductive health and
rights” approach
- Contraceptive use (male-dependent methods, or men’s decisions
about a woman partner’s method choice) - some forms of 'male
involvement’ can result in men usurping what was formerly women's
territory, worsening existing male dominance.
- Men having higher/more paid and governance positions than women
in service delivery or other institutional settings → lower levels of
women’s decision-making power and influence
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 6
7. Examples of my published analyses of changing
gender power dynamics in family planning:
About men: “Men's Involvement in Family Planning,” Judith Frye Helzner, Reproductive
Health Matters, Vol. 4, No. 7, May, 1996.
About institutions where I worked:
- Pathfinder: “The Feminist Agenda in Population Private Voluntary Organizations,” with
Bonnie Shepard, in Women, International Development, and Politics: The Bureaucratic
Mire, Kathleen Staudt, Editor. 1990.
- IPPF/WHR: “Opening Windows to Gender: A Case Study in a Major International
Population Agency,” with Adriana Ortiz-Ortega, in Social Politics, Barbara M. Hobson,
Sonya Michel and Ann Shola Orloff, Editors. 2003.
+ Policy changes from the top (minimum 50% women on governing boards)
+ Program additions – quality of care, integration of gender-based violence
screening into clinics, work on sexuality
+ Outreach to feminists in the region and gender training for IPPF affiliates
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 7
8. Institutional change example: building links between
feminists & family planners in Latin America/Caribbean
Affiliates of International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region
(IPPF/WHR) needed to move from a male-dominated, primarily medical model to a
more woman-centered, gender-sensitive model in their service delivery, staff, etc.
With funds from Ford Foundation and MacArthur Foundation in the 1990s:
- developed a gender training course and involved Latin American feminists as co-
trainers;
- organized 3 consultations with 3-5 countries each, where feminists and IPPF affiliate
staff or board members expressed their views (including negative stereotypes) about
each other and got acquainted personally;
- brought feminist leaders to NYC headquarters for a month at a time to interact
informally with staff who had little or no experience with them.
Overall objectives: (a) with feminists: reduce tensions and misperceptions, promote
understanding and collaboration (b) within IPPF affiliates: improve gender awareness
of staff and in program design.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 8
9. “Male involvement” in sexual & reproductive
health (SRH)
Men ARE involved in SRH – as partners in couples, as health
professionals (clinic physicians and directors), as decision
makers on health policy (Minister of Health etc.)
Masculine gender norms & stereotypes are linked to men’s
own general health outcomes.
“While biological factors are involved in male-specific ill-
health, the vast majority of men’s morbidities & excess
mortality is related to health practices, & the social and
cultural influences that shape them….[M]en’s poor health is
most often driven by their efforts to live up to…restrictive
societal norms related to manhood.”*
*https://promundoglobal.org/resources/masculine-norms-and-mens-health-making-the-connections-executive-
summary/
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 9
10. Approaches to programming have evolved –
from “gender blind” to “gender aware”
Gender-blind:
- Work with women alone, without addressing gender norms & power
dynamics
- Work with men alone, just on their own sexual & reproductive health
Gender transformative:
- Concept of “gender-synchronized approaches” (developed/used from
2010 on, with a 2017 update) – defined as “working with men and
women, boys and girls, in an intentional and mutually reinforcing way, to
challenge restrictive gender norms, catalyze the achievement of gender
equality, and improve health”
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 10
12. PS: Webinar tomorrow morning, Nov. 11: “Sticking
with It: Engaging Men and Boys in Family Planning
across the Life Course”
- The Relationship Between Key Family Formation Events over the Life
Course
- Increasing Family Planning Uptake through Gender-Synchronized
Approaches in Niger
- Promoting Male Engagement in Family Planning through Couple
Communication in Togo
- Reducing Stigma and Increasing Access with Integrated Health Wellness
Days for Adolescents and Men in Zambia
It’s at 6 a.m. California time! But – it will be available to anyone who registers, and will
be posted to the Breakthrough ACTION and RESEARCH Facebook and Twitter accounts.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 12
14. Field Research: Household surveys on gender
International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) – household survey carried out in
more than 27 countries, interviews with 29,477 men and 17,566 women, ages 18 to 59
(2009-2018). https://promundoglobal.org/programs/international-men-and-gender-
equality-survey-images/
Multi country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific
http://www.partners4prevention.org/about-prevention/research/men-and-violence-
study
The methodology includes both quantitative and qualitative questions including the
Gender Equitable Men Scale (GEMS) indicator, compiled/calculated from 2 subscales:
- 17 items in Subscale 1 measure agreement with statements about ‘inequitable’ gender
norms (e.g., ‘It is the man who decides what type of sex to have’)
- 7 items in Subscale 2 measure agreement with ‘equitable’ gender norm statements
(e.g., ‘A couple should decide together if they want to have children’).
- Responses are scaled as: Agree =1; Partially Agree =2; and Do Not Agree=3 for the
inequitable subscale (& scores are inverted for the equitable subscale) → higher score
for greater gender equity attitudes.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 14
15. Early Program: Program H & Program M
Group education activities: Program H for young men (hombres) - to
help change attitudes, adjust coping mechanisms, and introduce
healthier ways to deal with conflict.
https://promundoglobal.org/resources/program-h-working-with-
young-men/?lang=english . Examples of exercises:
- What Do I Do When I am Angry?
- Community Action: What Can I do to Promote Peaceful Coexistence?
Program M https://promundoglobal.org/programs/program-m/ for
young women (mujeres): to help promote young women’s awareness
about gender inequities/rights/health and improve skills and attitudes
in relationships. Examples of exercises:
- Who am I? What would I like to do with my life?
- How women and men express themselves
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 15
16. More recent programs: gender-synchronized
SASA! Initiative in Uganda – to prevent HIV/AIDS and domestic
violence by focusing on power imbalance in intimate relationships.
4-year randomized control trial (RCT) results showed women in
intervention communities as significantly more likely to report joint
decision-making, open communication, and the ability to refuse sex
with their partners.
Bandebereho program in Rwanda - incorporated gender-
synchronized elements in group critical reflection and dialogue
sessions for couples. RCT results showed women in the
intervention group reporting significantly lower levels of physical
and sexual violence and more male accompaniment to antenatal
care, while men and women reported significantly less violence
against children, greater male participation in household tasks, and
less male dominance in decision-making.
https://www.igwg.org/2018/09/involving-everyone-in-gender-equality-by-synchronizing-gender-strategies/
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 16
17. Advocacy: networks, campaigns, reports
MenEngage - http://menengage.org/ - global alliance promoting gender justice
MenCare - https://men-care.org/ - A “global fatherhood campaign” (in over 50
countries) whose mission is to promote men’s involvement as equitable,
nonviolent fathers and caregivers in order to achieve family well-being, gender
equality, and better health for mothers, fathers, and children.
White Ribbon Campaign – envisions “a Future Free From Gender-based Violence”
– organizes men/boys against violence https://www.whiteribbon.ca/about.html
State of the World’s Fathers Report (latest 2019)
https://promundoglobal.org/state-of-the-worlds-fathers-2019-report-launch/
highlights 3 barriers to men’s expressed desire to be more involved with new
child:
- lack of adequate, paid paternity leave, and low take-up of leave when it is
available;
- restrictive gender norms that position care as women’s responsibility, alongside
the perception of women as more competent caregivers than men; and
- lack of economic security and government support for all parents and caregivers.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 17
18. USAID Interagency Gender Working Group (IGWG)
IGWG Male Engagement Task Force “considers relevant efforts across
social and behavior change (including shifting social and gender
norms), services, research, and policy” on a wide range of health
issues.
Has developed many resources including:
- Fact sheet on Do's and Don'ts of engaging men and boys (DON’T
engage men at the expense of women, DO seek to transform harmful
gender relations and norms, DO start early in the life course)
- Advancing Male Engagement in Family Planning + Reproductive Health
AN ADVOCACY TOOL (advice on Advocacy Vision and Strategic
Approach, and Developing an Advocacy Implementation Plan)
- Slide deck on Engaging Boys and Men in Contraceptive Use and Family
Planning - the next 10 slides are from that presentation
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 18
20. In Nigeria, men who
support contraception are
five times more likely to
have spouses who desire
to use contraception.
Programs involving
men can enhance
spousal communication
and improve gender
equitable attitudes.
5x
Why involve men? Studies show that men can be the steppingstone
to couple contraceptive use and gender norm transformation.
Sources: Echezona E. Ezeanolue et al., 2015; Melanie Croce-Galis, et al. 2014.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 20
21. Men’s use of contraception is low.
Other modern and
traditional methods
1%
Cooperative method
(Rhythm)
3%
Direct male methods
(Vasectomy, Male
condom, Withdrawal)
21%
Female methods (Female
sterilization, Pill, Injectable,
Implant, IUD, Vaginal barrier
methods)
75%
Global
contraceptive
prevalence, 2015
(as reported by
married women
ages 15-49)
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2015
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 21
25. BENEFITS OF INVOLVING
MEN AND BOYS IN
CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND
FAMILY PLANNING
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 25
26. Male involvement can lead to positive health
outcomes for men and their families.
Source: Gary Barker, 2014; FHI360, 2017
✓ More fulfilling relationships.
✓ Improved communication with partners.
✓ Improved mental and physical health.
✓ Improved maternal health outcomes.
✓ Improved child development outcomes.
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 26
28. 19%
14%
9%
8%
5%
3%
3% 2%
1% 1%
Female
sterilization
IUD Pill Male
condom
Injectable Withdrawal Rhythm Vasectomy Implant Other
methods
Contraceptive prevalence by method among married women ages 15-49 years, 2015
Vasectomy remains one of the least-known
and least-used contraceptive methods.
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2015
Vasectomy
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 28
30. Power in
Sexual &
Reproductive
Health
Still on the frontier of “sexual and
reproductive health” themes
Includes power issues (a) between
providers and clients (clinical and
community-based); (b) within
couples, and (c) within families more
broadly
The Effect of Power in Sexual Relationships on Sexual and
Reproductive Health: An Examination of the Evidence (Ann
K. Blanc, 2003)
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 30
31. Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020
One aspect of
power:
“Reproductive
Coercion”
31
Defined as “behavior that
interferes with autonomous
decision‐making in areas of
reproductive health” – a subset of
Intimate Partner Violence
Behaviors or threats aimed at
“contraceptive use sabotage” –
e.g., prevent visit to obtain
methods, remove or puncture
condom, discard pills, etc.
Actions or threats aimed at causing
(or preventing) a pregnancy, at
preventing (or encouraging) an
abortion
Reproductive Coercion and Women's Health,
Kathryn Fay and Lynn Yee, Journal of
Midwifery & Women’s Health, 13 August 2018
32. Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020
Beyond
platitudes:
“male
involvement”
is not always
simple and
straightforward
32
Case study of effort of the IPPF family
planning association in Ecuador
- At first: Separate facilities for men only, to
serve their needs alone
- Next: Directive to “involve men 100%” in
women’s clinics –turned out to be too much,
sometimes even inappropriate (e.g., if the
man was abusing/controlling his partner)
- Finally: Nuanced approach to privately ask
the woman if she wanted the man to
accompany her into the consultation or not
Shepard, B.L. “Addressing Gender Issues with Men and
Couples: Involving Men in Sexual and Reproductive Health
Services in APROFE, Ecuador,” in International Journal of
Men’s Health, Vol. 3, #3, 155-172, 2004.
33. State of the art
of gender-
transformative
work with men &
boys
For many decades, small, well-intentioned “pilot”
programs with little rigor in documentation or
evaluation of results
Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) by Ruane-McAteer et
al*.:
- Methodology: 462 eligible systematic reviews on
engaging men/boys in SRHR were included, but
only 39 reported on gender-transformative
interventions
- Lessons learned:
+ Be “intentional” in promoting gender equality
(explicitly focus on harmful gender norms including
masculinities, and challenge unequal gender power)
+ Evaluations of interventions with men and boys need
more robust experimental designs and outcome
measures for a stronger evidence base
+ Diverse partnerships are needed – not only between
program implementers and researchers, but also
between those working on men and boys and feminist
organizations.
*Ruane-McAteer E, Amin A, Hanratty J, et al. Interventions
addressing men, masculinities and gender equality in sexual and
reproductive health and rights: an evidence and gap map and
systematic review of reviews. BMJ Global Health 2019
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lecture UCLA November 10 2020 33
34. State of the art
with the
evolution from
“population” →
“sexual &
reproductive
health & rights”
Article: Sexual and reproductive
health and rights and population
policies: from ‘either/or’ to
‘both/and’ *
“We identify population growth and
sustainable development, people and
the planet, and reproductive and
sexual rights as the three most
important issues facing the field today
and propose responses. These three
issues once seemed irreconcilable, but
the application of comprehensive
analysis and on-the-ground experience
to ‘either/or’ dilemmas of global
development have led, and can
continue to lead, to the discovery of
‘both/and’ solutions.”
* “Viewpoint” by Carmen Barroso and Steven Sinding
in The Lancet, Vol. 394, July 27, 2019, pp. 157-158
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/
PIIS0140-6736(19)31280-2/fulltext
Judith F. Helzner Bixby Lexture November 10 2020