Electrical Engineering Material Part-XXAsif Jamadar
This document discusses superconducting materials. It defines superconductivity as the complete disappearance of electrical resistance below a certain temperature in some materials. It describes the Meissner effect where magnetic fields are expelled from the interior of superconductors. Superconductors are classified into two types based on their magnetic properties. The document outlines various properties of superconducting materials like the isotope effect and thermal conductivity. It concludes by discussing applications of superconducting materials in areas like magnet technology, electronics, wires, and cryotrons.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different materials used for electrical purposes. It describes soft and hard solder materials, with soft solder being a tin-lead alloy and hard solder being a copper-zinc alloy. Electrical contact materials are discussed next, noting that successful operation depends on factors like voltage, current, and contact make/break cycles. Commonly used electrical contact materials include pure metals like copper and silver, as well as alloys of silver, copper-tungsten mixtures, and noble metals like platinum, palladium, and tungsten. High resistivity materials and carbon/graphite are also referenced.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIIAsif Jamadar
The document discusses different types of conducting materials used in electrical engineering. It divides conductor materials into four groups: high conductive materials, materials used for making solders and contacts, materials of high resistivity, and other special materials. Some key high conductive materials mentioned are copper, aluminum, silver, and gold, as they possess high conductivity, low temperature coefficients, mechanical strength, and resistance to corrosion needed for electrical applications. The document provides a overview of important conductor materials used in electrical engineering.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses factors that affect the resistivity of conducting materials. It explains that resistivity is influenced by temperature, alloying, cold work, and age hardening. Temperature affects resistivity according to the Matthiessen's rule. Resistivity increases with temperature. Alloying metals increases resistivity in proportion to the concentration and resistivity of the alloying element. Cold working and age hardening introduce defects that increase resistivity. The document provides formulas to calculate resistivity contributions from these different factors.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVAsif Jamadar
This document discusses key concepts in conducting and superconducting materials including relaxation time, collision time, Fermi energy, and mean free path. It defines relaxation time as the average time between collisions of an electron with the lattice. Mean free path is defined as the average distance traveled by an electron between collisions. The document derives an equation showing the mean free path is proportional to the Fermi velocity divided by the probability of collision per unit time. It also relates relaxation time and collision time, stating they are equal for isotropic materials.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIXAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different electrical engineering materials including fuses, resistors, and conducting materials. It explains what a fuse is and fuse ratings like rated carrying current and fusing time. It also lists different metal fuse elements and fusible alloy compositions and melting points. Resistors are described as integral circuit components, and materials used for precision and potentiometer resistors are covered. Conducting materials applications include transmission lines, electrical machines, transformers, DC machines, induction motors and synchronous generators.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIVAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical conductivity and conducting materials. It introduces the free electron theory of metals, which explains that metals conduct electricity due to the presence of free electrons. When an electric field is applied to a conductor, the free electrons begin to drift. This drift velocity leads directly to Ohm's law, which states that the current density through a material is proportional to the strength of the applied electric field. Ohm's law provides the fundamental relationship that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely proportional to the resistance of the material.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses soft and hard magnetic materials used in electrical devices. Soft magnetic materials are easy to magnetize and demagnetize, while hard magnetic materials are difficult to magnetize and demagnetize. Examples of soft magnetic materials include iron alloys used in transformers and motors. The document also covers magnetic recording and memories, noting that magnetic tapes and discs are commonly used for long-term data storage despite various possible magnetic storage technologies.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XXAsif Jamadar
This document discusses superconducting materials. It defines superconductivity as the complete disappearance of electrical resistance below a certain temperature in some materials. It describes the Meissner effect where magnetic fields are expelled from the interior of superconductors. Superconductors are classified into two types based on their magnetic properties. The document outlines various properties of superconducting materials like the isotope effect and thermal conductivity. It concludes by discussing applications of superconducting materials in areas like magnet technology, electronics, wires, and cryotrons.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different materials used for electrical purposes. It describes soft and hard solder materials, with soft solder being a tin-lead alloy and hard solder being a copper-zinc alloy. Electrical contact materials are discussed next, noting that successful operation depends on factors like voltage, current, and contact make/break cycles. Commonly used electrical contact materials include pure metals like copper and silver, as well as alloys of silver, copper-tungsten mixtures, and noble metals like platinum, palladium, and tungsten. High resistivity materials and carbon/graphite are also referenced.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIIAsif Jamadar
The document discusses different types of conducting materials used in electrical engineering. It divides conductor materials into four groups: high conductive materials, materials used for making solders and contacts, materials of high resistivity, and other special materials. Some key high conductive materials mentioned are copper, aluminum, silver, and gold, as they possess high conductivity, low temperature coefficients, mechanical strength, and resistance to corrosion needed for electrical applications. The document provides a overview of important conductor materials used in electrical engineering.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses factors that affect the resistivity of conducting materials. It explains that resistivity is influenced by temperature, alloying, cold work, and age hardening. Temperature affects resistivity according to the Matthiessen's rule. Resistivity increases with temperature. Alloying metals increases resistivity in proportion to the concentration and resistivity of the alloying element. Cold working and age hardening introduce defects that increase resistivity. The document provides formulas to calculate resistivity contributions from these different factors.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XVAsif Jamadar
This document discusses key concepts in conducting and superconducting materials including relaxation time, collision time, Fermi energy, and mean free path. It defines relaxation time as the average time between collisions of an electron with the lattice. Mean free path is defined as the average distance traveled by an electron between collisions. The document derives an equation showing the mean free path is proportional to the Fermi velocity divided by the probability of collision per unit time. It also relates relaxation time and collision time, stating they are equal for isotropic materials.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIXAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different electrical engineering materials including fuses, resistors, and conducting materials. It explains what a fuse is and fuse ratings like rated carrying current and fusing time. It also lists different metal fuse elements and fusible alloy compositions and melting points. Resistors are described as integral circuit components, and materials used for precision and potentiometer resistors are covered. Conducting materials applications include transmission lines, electrical machines, transformers, DC machines, induction motors and synchronous generators.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIVAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical conductivity and conducting materials. It introduces the free electron theory of metals, which explains that metals conduct electricity due to the presence of free electrons. When an electric field is applied to a conductor, the free electrons begin to drift. This drift velocity leads directly to Ohm's law, which states that the current density through a material is proportional to the strength of the applied electric field. Ohm's law provides the fundamental relationship that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely proportional to the resistance of the material.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses soft and hard magnetic materials used in electrical devices. Soft magnetic materials are easy to magnetize and demagnetize, while hard magnetic materials are difficult to magnetize and demagnetize. Examples of soft magnetic materials include iron alloys used in transformers and motors. The document also covers magnetic recording and memories, noting that magnetic tapes and discs are commonly used for long-term data storage despite various possible magnetic storage technologies.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different types of magnetic materials used in electrical engineering. It describes antiferromagnetic materials, which have magnetic moments that cancel each other out between two sublattices, resulting in no net magnetic field. It also covers ferrimagnetic materials called ferrites, which have magnetic moments that do not fully cancel out. Ferrites are complex oxide compounds that are widely used in electrical engineering due to their electric and magnetic properties. Some applications of ferrites include use in permanent magnets, transformers, data storage, and microwave devices.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses magnetic materials and their properties. It covers magnetic anisotropy, which refers to the directional dependence of a material's magnetic properties and can occur intrinsically in single crystal materials or be induced in polycrystalline materials through treatments like cold working or magnetic annealing. The document also discusses magnetostriction, the phenomenon where ferromagnetic materials change shape or dimensions due to being subjected to a magnetic field. There are different types of magnetostriction including longitudinal, transverse, and volume magnetostriction. Joule magnetostriction is also mentioned.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XAsif Jamadar
This document discusses ferromagnetic domains and magnetic materials. It explains that ferromagnetism only occurs in certain elements and compounds due to the hypothesis of Weiss involving exchange coupling. Ferromagnetic materials contain small groups of aligned atomic magnets called domains, with the total magnetization of a material being determined by the alignment of its domains. Different domain arrangements occur as the external magnetic field strength increases, resulting in hysteresis loops that vary based on factors like coercive force and the material used, such as in transformer cores.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses magnetic materials and their properties. It introduces how atoms can act as magnets due to electron spin and how the magnetic fields of electrons within an atom often cancel out. Magnetic materials are classified based on the orientation of electron spin. Key laws discussed include Biot-Savart's law, which describes the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying element, and Ampere's circuital law relating magnetic field strength to the current enclosed by a closed path. The document also covers magnetic flux density, magnetic flux, magnetic dipole moments, and how dipole moment relates to current and loop area.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses the energy band structure of materials and their properties. It explains that materials have discrete energy bands for their atoms, and that semiconductors without impurities have a small energy gap that allows a small number of electrons to be liberated as temperature increases. Insulators are then described as having an even larger energy gap between bands that prevents conductivity except at very high temperatures. The document also mentions electrical engineering concepts and circuit theory fundamentals.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different classes of materials from an electrical engineering perspective. It outlines six main classes: conductors, resistors, insulators, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and refractory and structural materials. Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow through them. Insulators do not allow electric current and provide electrical insulation. Magnetic materials can be polarized by magnetic fields. Semiconductors have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators. The classes of materials are important for electrical engineering applications and understanding their properties.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IXAsif Jamadar
Magnetic materials are classified into six categories based on their magnetic behavior: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic. Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields and have susceptibility values less than zero. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted by magnetic fields and have small, positive susceptibility. Ferromagnetic materials spontaneously magnetize in the absence of an external field and strongly attract to fields, exhibiting a magnetic phase transition temperature.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VAsif Jamadar
Van der Waals forces are weak secondary bonds that occur between molecules due to momentary polarization caused by electron movement, dispersion effects, and hydrogen bridging. The arrangement of atoms in a material, whether in molecular, crystalline, or amorphous structures, has a significant effect on its properties. Metals have metallic bonding and solidify into lattice structures when cooled, with many metals exhibiting allotropic changes in crystal structure.
The document discusses the different types of bonds that can form between atoms in solids. It describes ionic bonds, which form between positive and negative ions through electrostatic attraction. Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Metallic bonds result from the delocalization of electrons among positively charged metal ions. The four main types of bonds covered are ionic, covalent, metallic, and Van der Waals bonds, with ionic and covalent classified as primary bonds and metallic and Van der Waals as secondary bonds. Examples are given of properties associated with each bond type.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIIAsif Jamadar
The document discusses electrons in solids and the fundamentals of bonding in solids. It notes that in solids, electrons interact with one another at high densities of 1028 per cubic meter. Atoms maintain their individual energy levels even when bonded together in solids and molecules. Bonding in solids involves interatomic binding forces called chemical bonds that hold atoms, ions, and molecules at different spacing levels, including primary and secondary bonds that are classified into four categories.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIAsif Jamadar
Bohr postulated that electrons in atoms can only occupy discrete energy levels and can jump between these levels, absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation with specific frequencies. The document also discusses wave-particle duality and how electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. It introduces the concept of quantum numbers to describe the state of an electron in an atom, including the principal, orbital, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers. Finally, it explains that the energy levels of electrons are determined by quantum numbers and that electrons can undergo transitions between energy levels through excitation and de-excitation, emitting or absorbing photons with energies corresponding to the change in energy levels.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical engineering materials and their atomic and electronic structures. It introduces the importance of understanding materials for engineers and how man discovered various balanced materials throughout history. It then explains atomic structure, noting that all atoms consist of a central nucleus surrounded by orbital electrons and that protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged. It also discusses atomic numbers, weights, and how atoms behave in solids versus as single isolated atoms.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIAsif Jamadar
This presentation deals with the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering Materials & it contains Bohr Postulate, wave & Particle Duality, Quantum number, Electron energy level transitions
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical engineering materials and their atomic and electronic structures. It introduces the importance of understanding materials for engineers and how early humans discovered metals like copper for tools. It then explains atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic numbers. It also discusses how atoms form solids and models the electronic structures of atoms like hydrogen, helium, and aluminum. The document emphasizes that engineers must understand atomic and electronic structure to work with different materials.
Computer aided design of electrical machineAsif Jamadar
This document discusses computer aided design of electrical machines. It introduces the topic and outlines some key advantages of CAD, such as performing millions of computations quickly, enabling the study of wide parameter variations to find optimal designs, and eliminating tedious calculations. It then describes two main methods of computer aided design - the analysis method and the synthesis method. The analysis method determines machine performance from initial parameters, while the synthesis method uses numerical techniques and iteration to modify variable values to meet desired performance characteristics and find an optimal design.
Design of transformer: Voltage Regulation and No Load CurrentAsif Jamadar
This presentation includes the estimation of voltage regulation and no load current of single phase and three phase transformer. Also it includes the numerical on the estimation of voltage regulation and no load current
Design of transformer: Mechanical forcesAsif Jamadar
This presentation contains the mechanical forces that are radial force, axial force & forces due to asymmetry of the winding & also having the numerical to evaluate the forces.
Design of transformer: Design of cooling system-design of tank with tubeAsif Jamadar
The document discusses the design of a transformer. It focuses on designing the tank that will hold the transformer and its tubes. The tank must be designed to safely and securely hold the transformer components while also allowing efficient heat dissipation to prevent overheating.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different types of magnetic materials used in electrical engineering. It describes antiferromagnetic materials, which have magnetic moments that cancel each other out between two sublattices, resulting in no net magnetic field. It also covers ferrimagnetic materials called ferrites, which have magnetic moments that do not fully cancel out. Ferrites are complex oxide compounds that are widely used in electrical engineering due to their electric and magnetic properties. Some applications of ferrites include use in permanent magnets, transformers, data storage, and microwave devices.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses magnetic materials and their properties. It covers magnetic anisotropy, which refers to the directional dependence of a material's magnetic properties and can occur intrinsically in single crystal materials or be induced in polycrystalline materials through treatments like cold working or magnetic annealing. The document also discusses magnetostriction, the phenomenon where ferromagnetic materials change shape or dimensions due to being subjected to a magnetic field. There are different types of magnetostriction including longitudinal, transverse, and volume magnetostriction. Joule magnetostriction is also mentioned.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-XAsif Jamadar
This document discusses ferromagnetic domains and magnetic materials. It explains that ferromagnetism only occurs in certain elements and compounds due to the hypothesis of Weiss involving exchange coupling. Ferromagnetic materials contain small groups of aligned atomic magnets called domains, with the total magnetization of a material being determined by the alignment of its domains. Different domain arrangements occur as the external magnetic field strength increases, resulting in hysteresis loops that vary based on factors like coercive force and the material used, such as in transformer cores.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses magnetic materials and their properties. It introduces how atoms can act as magnets due to electron spin and how the magnetic fields of electrons within an atom often cancel out. Magnetic materials are classified based on the orientation of electron spin. Key laws discussed include Biot-Savart's law, which describes the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying element, and Ampere's circuital law relating magnetic field strength to the current enclosed by a closed path. The document also covers magnetic flux density, magnetic flux, magnetic dipole moments, and how dipole moment relates to current and loop area.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses the energy band structure of materials and their properties. It explains that materials have discrete energy bands for their atoms, and that semiconductors without impurities have a small energy gap that allows a small number of electrons to be liberated as temperature increases. Insulators are then described as having an even larger energy gap between bands that prevents conductivity except at very high temperatures. The document also mentions electrical engineering concepts and circuit theory fundamentals.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VIAsif Jamadar
This document discusses different classes of materials from an electrical engineering perspective. It outlines six main classes: conductors, resistors, insulators, magnetic materials, semiconductors, and refractory and structural materials. Conductors are materials that allow electric current to flow through them. Insulators do not allow electric current and provide electrical insulation. Magnetic materials can be polarized by magnetic fields. Semiconductors have electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators. The classes of materials are important for electrical engineering applications and understanding their properties.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IXAsif Jamadar
Magnetic materials are classified into six categories based on their magnetic behavior: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic. Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields and have susceptibility values less than zero. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted by magnetic fields and have small, positive susceptibility. Ferromagnetic materials spontaneously magnetize in the absence of an external field and strongly attract to fields, exhibiting a magnetic phase transition temperature.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-VAsif Jamadar
Van der Waals forces are weak secondary bonds that occur between molecules due to momentary polarization caused by electron movement, dispersion effects, and hydrogen bridging. The arrangement of atoms in a material, whether in molecular, crystalline, or amorphous structures, has a significant effect on its properties. Metals have metallic bonding and solidify into lattice structures when cooled, with many metals exhibiting allotropic changes in crystal structure.
The document discusses the different types of bonds that can form between atoms in solids. It describes ionic bonds, which form between positive and negative ions through electrostatic attraction. Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. Metallic bonds result from the delocalization of electrons among positively charged metal ions. The four main types of bonds covered are ionic, covalent, metallic, and Van der Waals bonds, with ionic and covalent classified as primary bonds and metallic and Van der Waals as secondary bonds. Examples are given of properties associated with each bond type.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIIAsif Jamadar
The document discusses electrons in solids and the fundamentals of bonding in solids. It notes that in solids, electrons interact with one another at high densities of 1028 per cubic meter. Atoms maintain their individual energy levels even when bonded together in solids and molecules. Bonding in solids involves interatomic binding forces called chemical bonds that hold atoms, ions, and molecules at different spacing levels, including primary and secondary bonds that are classified into four categories.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIAsif Jamadar
Bohr postulated that electrons in atoms can only occupy discrete energy levels and can jump between these levels, absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation with specific frequencies. The document also discusses wave-particle duality and how electrons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. It introduces the concept of quantum numbers to describe the state of an electron in an atom, including the principal, orbital, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers. Finally, it explains that the energy levels of electrons are determined by quantum numbers and that electrons can undergo transitions between energy levels through excitation and de-excitation, emitting or absorbing photons with energies corresponding to the change in energy levels.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical engineering materials and their atomic and electronic structures. It introduces the importance of understanding materials for engineers and how man discovered various balanced materials throughout history. It then explains atomic structure, noting that all atoms consist of a central nucleus surrounded by orbital electrons and that protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negatively charged. It also discusses atomic numbers, weights, and how atoms behave in solids versus as single isolated atoms.
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IIAsif Jamadar
This presentation deals with the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering Materials & it contains Bohr Postulate, wave & Particle Duality, Quantum number, Electron energy level transitions
Electrical Engineering Material Part-IAsif Jamadar
This document discusses electrical engineering materials and their atomic and electronic structures. It introduces the importance of understanding materials for engineers and how early humans discovered metals like copper for tools. It then explains atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic numbers. It also discusses how atoms form solids and models the electronic structures of atoms like hydrogen, helium, and aluminum. The document emphasizes that engineers must understand atomic and electronic structure to work with different materials.
Computer aided design of electrical machineAsif Jamadar
This document discusses computer aided design of electrical machines. It introduces the topic and outlines some key advantages of CAD, such as performing millions of computations quickly, enabling the study of wide parameter variations to find optimal designs, and eliminating tedious calculations. It then describes two main methods of computer aided design - the analysis method and the synthesis method. The analysis method determines machine performance from initial parameters, while the synthesis method uses numerical techniques and iteration to modify variable values to meet desired performance characteristics and find an optimal design.
Design of transformer: Voltage Regulation and No Load CurrentAsif Jamadar
This presentation includes the estimation of voltage regulation and no load current of single phase and three phase transformer. Also it includes the numerical on the estimation of voltage regulation and no load current
Design of transformer: Mechanical forcesAsif Jamadar
This presentation contains the mechanical forces that are radial force, axial force & forces due to asymmetry of the winding & also having the numerical to evaluate the forces.
Design of transformer: Design of cooling system-design of tank with tubeAsif Jamadar
The document discusses the design of a transformer. It focuses on designing the tank that will hold the transformer and its tubes. The tank must be designed to safely and securely hold the transformer components while also allowing efficient heat dissipation to prevent overheating.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.