The document discusses heat waves, their causes and impacts. It notes that heat waves occur when there are consecutive days with above average temperatures that humans and animals cannot tolerate. This can lead to heat-related illnesses and deaths in humans and livestock. Infrastructure like roads and railways are also damaged by extended heat. The document outlines measures to prevent heat-related issues like drinking plenty of water, wearing loose clothing, limiting outdoor activity and checking on vulnerable groups like children and elderly. Government agencies are advised to issue warnings and keep emergency response systems in place during heat waves.
Generally temperature is more above the average high
temperature for the region.
•
I t is an extended period of very high summer temperature with
the potential to adversely affect communities.
•
High temperature are often accompanied by high humidity,
that the body cannot tolerate are defined as extreme heat.
It is a prolonged period of excessive heat often accompanied by excessive humidity.
Heat waves occurs when there are a number of consecutive days with above average temperature , than the body can not tolerate .
The unusual and uncomfortable hot whether can impact on the human and animal health and cause disruption to community infrastructure such as power supply, public transport and other services.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has given the following criteria for Heat Waves: Heat Waves need not be considered till the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C for Plains and at least 30°C for Hilly regions. When the normal maximum temperature of a station is less than or equal to 40°C
The weather agency declares a heat wave when a place registers a temperature that is 4.5 to 6.4oC more than the normal temperature for the region on that day. If the temperature is over 6.4oC more than the normal, the IMD declares a ‘severe’ heat wave.
The IMD also uses another criteria to declare a heat wave which is based on absolute recorded temperatures. If the temperature crosses the 45oC mark , the Department declares a heat wave ; when it crosses 47, a ‘severe’ heat wave is declared.
heat waves in india
How bad has this year’s heat wave been in India?
The early heat waves of 2022 that began on March 11 have impacted 15 Indian states and Union territories (as of April 24), according to data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) that was analysed by Down To Earth.
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh have suffered the most among the states, with 25 heat wave and severe heat wave days each during this period.
Surprisingly, after Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the mountainous state of Himachal Pradesh has been the most affected by heat waves this year with 21 heat wave and severe heat wave days.
The IPCC report says that every additional 0.5oC of warming will increase hot weather extremes, along with extreme precipitation and drought.
Heat waves in India are likely to “last 25 times longer by 2036-2065” if carbon emissions remain high and push global temperature rise to 4oC by the end of the century, according to an international climate report published October 28, 2021, covering the G20 countries.
Wet-bulb temperature is a measure of humidity in the air. Factoring in humidity along with the heat, called the heat index, helps us determine what the temperature actually ‘feels like’.
Humidity combined with heat is deadlier for human health and wellbeing.
Humans with their sweat-based cooling system, have been well-designed to beat the heat. But there is a limit to the level of heat and humidity we can cope with. A wet-bulb temperature of 35°C is considered the maximum limit of humidity that humans can handle. Beyond this, the body can no longer effectively cool itself via perspiration.
Wet-bulb temperature is a measure of humidity in the air. Factoring in humidity along with the heat, called the heat index, helps us determine w
Generally temperature is more above the average high
temperature for the region.
•
I t is an extended period of very high summer temperature with
the potential to adversely affect communities.
•
High temperature are often accompanied by high humidity,
that the body cannot tolerate are defined as extreme heat.
It is a prolonged period of excessive heat often accompanied by excessive humidity.
Heat waves occurs when there are a number of consecutive days with above average temperature , than the body can not tolerate .
The unusual and uncomfortable hot whether can impact on the human and animal health and cause disruption to community infrastructure such as power supply, public transport and other services.
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has given the following criteria for Heat Waves: Heat Waves need not be considered till the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C for Plains and at least 30°C for Hilly regions. When the normal maximum temperature of a station is less than or equal to 40°C
The weather agency declares a heat wave when a place registers a temperature that is 4.5 to 6.4oC more than the normal temperature for the region on that day. If the temperature is over 6.4oC more than the normal, the IMD declares a ‘severe’ heat wave.
The IMD also uses another criteria to declare a heat wave which is based on absolute recorded temperatures. If the temperature crosses the 45oC mark , the Department declares a heat wave ; when it crosses 47, a ‘severe’ heat wave is declared.
heat waves in india
How bad has this year’s heat wave been in India?
The early heat waves of 2022 that began on March 11 have impacted 15 Indian states and Union territories (as of April 24), according to data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) that was analysed by Down To Earth.
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh have suffered the most among the states, with 25 heat wave and severe heat wave days each during this period.
Surprisingly, after Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, the mountainous state of Himachal Pradesh has been the most affected by heat waves this year with 21 heat wave and severe heat wave days.
The IPCC report says that every additional 0.5oC of warming will increase hot weather extremes, along with extreme precipitation and drought.
Heat waves in India are likely to “last 25 times longer by 2036-2065” if carbon emissions remain high and push global temperature rise to 4oC by the end of the century, according to an international climate report published October 28, 2021, covering the G20 countries.
Wet-bulb temperature is a measure of humidity in the air. Factoring in humidity along with the heat, called the heat index, helps us determine what the temperature actually ‘feels like’.
Humidity combined with heat is deadlier for human health and wellbeing.
Humans with their sweat-based cooling system, have been well-designed to beat the heat. But there is a limit to the level of heat and humidity we can cope with. A wet-bulb temperature of 35°C is considered the maximum limit of humidity that humans can handle. Beyond this, the body can no longer effectively cool itself via perspiration.
Wet-bulb temperature is a measure of humidity in the air. Factoring in humidity along with the heat, called the heat index, helps us determine w
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Extent of climate change over India & its projected impact on Indian agricult...India Water Portal
This special address by Dr Y E A Raj, Director General, Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai made at the Kerala Enviroment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development discusses the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture
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A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
Why Heat Wave Occurs and Cause of Extreme Weather (Changes in Jet Strem)saphyaire Wind
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3. It is a prolonged period of excessive heat, often accompanied by
excessive humidity.
Heat waves occurs when there are a number of consecutive days
with above average temperature, that the body can not tolerate.
The unusual and uncomfortable hot weather can impact on human
and animal health and cause disruption to community infrastructure
such as power supply, public transport and services.
Heat wave
5. Heat waves kill and injure
Heat wave is one of the major
disaster for many countries,
develops slowly and kills and
injures many animals and
people more than any other
disaster.
Hence called as silent disaster
In India the condition becomes
more severe in May and June
6. As the temperature rises , people , animals and
plants suffer from heat stress
Apart from death , every day more and more
people are admitted with suffering sunstroke
and severe dehydration, vomiting and high fever.
7. Heat wave caused unfold mystery to people all over the
world. In 1998, about 1500 people were died in China and
in 1997 about 2000 people fell into heat wave in Greece
Similarly in India the heat wave took 302 lives in the year
1998 and more than 2000 people in the year 2002. In
Orissa, heat wave caused 2042 deaths in 1998 and more
than 1200 deaths in 2002 in southern India
Data collected by IMD reveals that the average annual loss
of human life due to heat wave over India is 153
9. Effect on human beings
In many parts of world , every summer, thousands of people
suffer from heat stress where their bodies absorb more heat
than they expel.
Depletion of salt and electrolyte in the body may cause heat
cramp.
Hard work under direct sun may lead to heat exhaustion.
Usually, it is the cumulative effect of hot days without the
relief of cool nights and exposure to exhaustion.
Sunburn can retard the body’s ability to shed heat, and may
increases the severity of the heat disorder
10. In severe heat there is dehydration and body may
overheat, leading to a heat related
illness.[HYPERTHERMIA]
A heat related illness may result in irreversible damage to
body, including the brain or even death.
Asphalt and concrete store heat longer and gradually
releases heat at night, which produces significantly higher
night temperatures in urban areas known as the urban
heat island effect.
14. Like human beings, animals
too suffer, particularly when
they are left in direct sun
and they do not get adequate
water.
Domestic animals and
poultry birds are particularly
vulnerable to heat wave.
When there is not enough
shade or water for animals,
they may change their
behavior.
Animals will look for
shelter from the heat under
trees or near bushes, start
sweating and panting,
drooping, drink more water
and have reduced appetite
for food.
15. Agriculture and crop
Heat waves also damage plants, crops
and vegetables. When shearing winds
blow and the temperature rises to
around 45 ⁰ C, exotic plants perish.
When temperature exceeds 45 ⁰ C for
a number of days even the traditional
species suffer, particularly if they do
not receive moisture regularly.
In the grazing field not a single blade
of grass is available for the cattle.
16. During heat wave, the railway lines can expand to the point
where they buckle and cause derailment of train.
Road damages can also occur with bitumen melting and
having cracks.
Long periods of extended heat can soften and crack the
asphalt in roads and streets. Concrete and highways have
been known to shatter explosively from periods of excess
heat. Even bridges may have similar type of damages.
Infrastructure
17. During hot summer water consumption
increases drastically and often causing
shortage of drinking water.
Lack of water in most of the wells, pond, tube
well and other bodies during hot summer
seasons, which has an adverse effect on
human being and animal population.
18. During a heat wave algae growth rates
increase, which lowers the oxygen content of
the water. The reduced oxygen level
combined with heat stress can lead to large
scale mortality in wild fish.
Drought conditions from a heat wave
increases the occurrence of wildfires. Wildfire
kills many animals and destroys the
vegetation.
Continued heat wave conditions can also
cause crop failure due to lack of rain.
19. Prevention during heat wave
Heat waves can be serious but it is one of
the disasters, which can be managed
easily.
1. Control the temperature at home
2. In the street, avoid direct sunlight
3. Take care of pets and other animals
by avoiding direct exposure to sun
4. Keep rooms cool by using shade
cloth or reflective material on the
outside of the window
5. Limit physical activity at the hottest
times of the day
20. Drink a lot of water about 2 to 3 litres daily.
Listen to local weather forecast so that we can know if a heat wave is on the way
Avoid heavy protein foods like meat, dairy products etc., which raise body heat
and increase fluid loss
If you must go out then wear light weight, light coloured, loose, porous clothes, a
wide brimmed hat and sunscreen and regularly rest in shade and drink fluids
Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles. Temperature inside a closed
vehicle can reach over 140⁰F within minutes. Exposure to such high temperatures
can kill in minutes
22. The state and district control rooms should make
necessary arrangement for flashing the warning
through all forms of media
Simultaneously, departments like health and
other related departments need to remain alert
and put necessary emergency measures in place
Interview local officials and representatives of the
Department of Agriculture about special steps
farmers can take to establish alternative water
supplies for their crops and ways to protect
livestock and poultry from the extreme heat