Healthcare Quality And Affordable Care Act ( Ppaca )

Healthcare Quality And Affordable Care Act ( Ppaca )
United States has no dearth of highly qualified, well–trained doctors and still the US healthcare quality fails to meet the established industry
benchmarks. Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) 2001 Report, "Crossing the Quality Chasm", clearly states that the American healthcare delivery system is
in need of a pivotal change. (Committee on Quality of Healthcare in America (Institute of Medicine), 2001). The exasperation level is continuously
rising amongst both, the patients and the providers, and yet the problem of delivering and receiving high quality care remains unaffected. In order to
address this problem of healthcare quality improvement and affordability, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA or Obamacare) was
signed in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b) Large variation exist in the per capita healthcare expenditure across the United States which can be attributed to difference in healthcare services
provided due to absence of evidence based treatment. c) Overuse and misuse of healthcare services are proving to be costly, pervasive and causing
harm to the patients.
Stakeholder Analysis
The triple aim of PPACA to promote accessible, high quality and cost efficient care involves large number of reforms that influence all the segments
associated with healthcare industry. These reforms are affecting various stakeholders such as hospitals, physicians, and patients to varying degrees and
therefore policymakers need to consider independent stakeholder priorities along with the impact on society and cost involved in order to achieve this
triple aim. The Affordable Care Act introduces payment reforms for individual physicians and for larger, organized health care systems, ranging from
bundled payments to payment adjustments for hospital–acquired conditions. Empirical evidence shows that payment structures such as these can
improve care delivery, costs, and quality (A Report from Senator Sheldon Whitehouse for the U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor &
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Physician Assistant Assignments
A day in the life of a modern day female physician assistant depends greatly on the personal preference of said woman. One of the best things about
taking physician assisting into consideration is the multiple jobs that one could choose from depending on what they want to specialize in. But no
matter what job one chooses to specialize in, the activities, working conditions, and physical demands are all fairly similar. Physician assistants
provide basic care in all areas of medicine including primary care, family medicine, and emergency medicine. "Physician assistants provide health care
services under the supervision of doctors" (Idaho Career Information System). Some occupational tasks include; examining patients, diagnosing patients
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To become licensed, applicants must: be fingerprinted and pass a criminal background check, have at least a Bachelor's degree, complete a
nationally accredited physician assistant program (possible Master's degree), pass a national certification exam (PANCE), and be supervised by a
person licensed to practice medicine in any given area. Once a PA is officially licensed and certified, they can begin earning and logging their needed
CME (Continuing Medical Education) credits. CME's are earned every two years by attending

Summary: Nurse Practitioner
he Board of Nursing in Alabama requires a Nurse Practitioner to hold an active Alabama registered nurse (RN) license. Additionally, the Board requires
the practitioner to meet all the requirements of graduation of a program of study beyond the minimal educational preparation of a RN. The candidate
should also attain clinical experience beyond that required of a RN. These requirements prepare the nurse practitioner to perform the duties of this title.
The additional education and clinical experience must be completed in an organization that is recognized by the Board of Nursing.
Nurse Practitioners in Alabama must attain a master's or higher degree in advanced practice nursing. This degree must be must be earned from an
accredited program ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This degree must be must be earned from an accredited program that the Board recognizes. The nurse practitioner must be certified as a registered
nurse practitioner (CRNP) by the Alabama Board of Nursing.
Nurse Practitioners are registered nurses (RNs). In addition, they hold an advanced degree (masters or doctorate) that is earned in a chosen field of
nursing practice. Examples include women's health (WHNP), family practice (FNP), or adult practice (ANP) (study.com, 2015). The NP's scope of
practice may vary from state to state. Typically, the scope includes patient counseling, addressing acute and/or chronic medical issues, drug prescribing,
and diagnostic testing and lab orders, along with the interpretation of the results of this testing (study.com, 2015).
PAs require a state license. They must also pass the national exam (Practicing Clinicians Exchange, 2015). Every state requires the candidate to pass the
Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam. Additionally, the PA is required to follow the rules and regulations required by the state where they
practice (Practicing Clinicians Exchange,

Essay on A Career as a Physician Assisstant
Physician Assistants are also known as a PA's; they practice medicine under the direction of physicians and surgeons. They formally trained to examine
patients, diagnose injures and illness, and provide treatment. Physician Assistants also evaluate and treat patients under the supervision of doctors and
surgeons. APhysician Assistants is a graduate of an accredited Physician Assistant educational program who is nationally certified and state– licensed to
practice medicine with the supervision of a physician. Core tasks of a Physician Assistant are they take medical histories and examine patients. They
Interpret lab test and make diagnoses, Treat minor injuries with stitches, splints, casts, and prescribes certain medications, The... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The average length of a Physician Assistant program is 27 months. The majority of a Physician Assistant programs have the following requirements
Chemistry, Physiology, Anatomy, Microbiology, and Biology. Practicing Physician Assistant participate in lifelong learning. In order to maintain
national certification, a Physician Assistant must complete 100 hours of continuing medical education every two days. There are currently 181
accredited Physician Assistant programs in the United States. The vast majority award master's degrees. Some skills you need to be a Physician
Assistant are you need to be energetic, patient and compassionate and should enjoy working with people of all ages and backgrounds. They should be
emotionally mature so that they can empathize with patients. The ethicis of a Physicican Assistant are you have to be committed to provideing
complete medcal care, assuming as their primary responsibility th health, safety, welfare and the dignity of all humans. Theyshould also shall deliver
needed health care serivices to health consumers without regard to their sex, ge, race, creed, socio– economic and political status. The Physician
Assistant should also should take responsibility for being familiar with and adhering to all federal and state laws applicable to the practice of their
profession.
A Physician Assistant earning s is in New York outlook for employment is in 2010 there were 9,850 job openings. A Physician

Kaiser Permanente is the Leading Health Care Organization
Success Of Kaiser Permanente Health Care Model And The Group Health Cooperative Model Of Health Care Compared To Other Initiatives In Health
Care "Kaiser Permanente is America's leading integrated health care organization. Founded in 1945, it is a nonprofit, group–practice health
maintenance organization (HMO) with headquarters in Oakland, California. Kaiser Permanente serves the health care needs of members in 9 states
and the District of Columbia." Today, it encompasses Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc., Kaiser Foundation Hospitals, and the Permanente Medical
Groups, as well as affiliation with Group Health Cooperative based in Seattle, Washington. Kaiser Permanente aspires to be the world leader in
improving health through high–quality, affordable, integrated health care. We will be distinguished by our strong social purpose, physician
responsibility for clinical care, and an enduring partnership between our Health Plan and our medical groups. Kaiser Permanente provides coverage
programs for thousands of uninsured children and adults who are ineligible for existing state or private programs due to family income or immigration
status. The organization also partners with community–based clinics to provide expertise, clinical guidelines, and other support for these safety–net
providers. Through its research centers across the country, "Kaiser Permanente conducts more research, over 1,000 studies annually, than any other
non–academic institution in the U.S." The

Summary: A Career As A Physician Assistant
Do you know what a Physician Assistant (PAs) is or does? According to the dictionary, a Physician assistant is "A person trained and licensed to
provide basic medical services, usually under the supervision of a physician". Even though Physicians Assistants don't have a big role in the medical
field like doctors or Physicians, they help millions of people with their medical issues. The career of a Physician Assistant has a lot of job duties that
they need to accomplish every day, but they vary depending on the area of expertise they choose. Some of the main duties of a PAs are to examine
patients, interpret the diagnostic test, and to educate and counsel their patients. Other job duties they perform include to prescribe medicine, access ...
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According to the District of Columbia, all the jurisdictions require Physician assistants to pass the Physician Assistant National Certifying Examination,
that is administered the National Commission on Certification of Physician's Assistants (NCCPA). The admission into an accredited PAs program
requires a multi–step application process and it could include personal responses or even letters of recommendation. There are some of the PAs
programs that require PAs to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). Most admissions prerequisite states the a PAs must complete 2
years of college, but most of the PAs program only requires a Bachelor's Degree. Prerequisites courses basically require 6 semester hours in
biology, 8 hours in chemistry, 4 hours of anatomy and also physiology with all the laboratory components. Moreover, a PAs must take 6 hours of
English followed by 3 hours in composition and 6 hours of psychology or sociology. Some courses that are highly recommended are statistics,
physics, and organic chemistry. When a student completes their PAs educational program and passing the national certification exam, will be able to
become a Certified Physician Assistant. In order to remain as a certified, a PAs must complete 100 hours of Continuing Medical Education (EMC)
every two years and pass the recertification exam every six

Health-Related Violence Personal Statement
My career as physician based on this course I understand that physicians and other medical professionals encounter victims of violence and abuse
every day even in present day. Violence in public is a growing epidemic and is leading in worldwide health problem and can be very expensive, it
was estimated by the CDC that medical related violence in the US has surpassed $70 billion dollars a year (violence Prevention timeline). Health care
advocates, reports, surveillance systems and programs have developed in response to violence and its impact on public health. Abuse comes in many
forms of physical, mental, and sexual abuse, all have impacts that affect the victims and have a negative effect on the victim and on society. Health
organizations began in 1979 the Surgeon General had written a report on the 15–priority area's that affect the health of the nation (Violence... Show
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The CDC and requested fund to fund these programs (NRC/IOM) this would increase the number of workers and staff members to get involved in
violence prevention research. Evidence showed that an increase of violence in public health had concerned medical professionals (violence Prevention
timeline). In 1985 The Surgeon Generals Workshop on Violence and Public this marked the first time that violence influenced public health and
medical professionals were encouraged to action against it (violence Prevention timeline). In continuation of in prevention in the 90'S medical
professionals, and organizations had developed new ways to impact and prevent violence by developing division such as National Center for Injury
Prevention and control. The goal of these organizations to bring education to community's adults and youths in

Essay On AAPA
AAPA also strive to create progressive work environments for physician assistants. Developing and pursuing legal strategies to expand and protect the
PA scope of practice thus achieving a more autonomous work environment. Also developing plans and solution to remove any workplace
–imposed
barriers to PA practice thus creating a positive working environment for PAs across the country.
Last but not least, AAPA's goal is to foster AAPA organizational effectiveness and sustainability. Working to increase member participation, volunteer
opportunities, advocacy, and employer initiatives along with financial sustainability of the organization. Thus harmonizing with the vision of the
AAPA, "PAs transforminghealth through patient–centered, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Henry K Silver. MD, professor, and vice–chairman of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (UCHSC),
established the first Physician Assistant program curriculum specializing on pediatrics/child specialist when there was an increased demand for
pediatric health care providers. It was important to develop a program that will complement the skills and training of their pediatrician colleagues as
well as develop a fast–paced program. Thus he developed a 36–month program curriculum focusing on providing high quality, comprehensive primary
care to infants, children, and adolescents. In 1969, the legislature passed the Child Health Associate Act, which allowed non–physicians to practice
medicine and provide the framework for the certification of an allied health care professional (Glicken et al). This law played an important role in
further development of PA profession in the following years.
In 1968, the American Academy of Physician Assistants currently known as the American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) was incorporated
in North Carolina and William D Stanhope, PA–C was appointed as the first president. In 1971, the Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of
1971 (Public Law 92– 157) was established where the congress granted $4 million dollars for the establishment of the new PA educational programs in
1972 under the Health Manpower Educational Initiative Awards. It was also during the same time

Universal Health Insurance In The United States
Around the world, many industrial countries have enacted a comprehensive health insurance program. The United States, however, has lagged behind
these countries. The United States has one of the most fragmented systems today. In 1965, one of the largest health care initiatives in U.S. history was
launched. The United States enacted the Medicare program which provided federally organized health insurance for Americans aged 65 older or
disabled. To achieve this victory there were many stumbling blocks over the years. Politics, social, institutional and cultural forces all influenced the
development and passage of Medicare. In Europe during the 1880s, the concept of universal healthcare started but the United States didn't take hold of
the idea ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supporters believed that a program should be integrated into Social Security. Congress tried and failed with the Kerr–Mills program that targeted the
elderly poor and ran by the states. Only five states actually participated. After the Kerr–Mills failure and Kennedy winning the presidential election,
Kennedy called for the enactment of measures to provide insurance for the elderly. After Kennedy's assassination, Medicare legislation truly began to
advance. For the first time, there was support of insurance on the national state. President Johnson focused on the Medicare plan that would be a
compulsory hospital insurance program. The AMA and Republicans didn't approve the Democrats' Medicare proposals and countered with an
"eldercare" plan that was voluntary and covered physician services. Therefore, the three–layer cake was devised on the Democratic proposal for
comprehensive health insurance ("Part A"), the revised Republican program of government subsidized voluntary physician insurance ("Part B"), and
Medicaid as an expansion of the Kerr–Mills but was no longer restricted to only the elderly

Why I Become A Naturopathic Physician
I want to become a Naturopathic Physician because I wish to help people choose how to be healthy. Growing up, I dealt with several health problems,
one of which I was able to manage with ibuprofen, but I desired a solution instead of a temporary fix. As a result, I sought the help of my conventional
physician. Instead of working to discover the root of the problem, she simply prescribed a stronger pain reliever. I then turned to a Naturopathic
Physician, because many of my friends were suggesting that I look into that profession. Thankfully, my Naturopathic Physician and I discovered that
daily supplements would control my major health problem, and we found solutions to my more trivial problems. The experience taught me that when...
From a young age, I wanted to be a conventional physician, but as I grew older, I became more disillusioned with our current medical system. As I
became more disillusioned, I was more drawn to the naturopathic field and the opportunities it presented to treat problems naturally. In addition, I felt
that the naturopathic field offered more personalized care to the patient as they struggled with their different health problems. The way that conventional
medicine practices tries to treat as many patients as possible in the shortest amount of time. The field seems not to respect the patient as a person, and
I feel like every person should experience a favorable level of respect when interacting with medical professionals. In addition, I feel that patients
should know that their doctor cares for them and their health, and that is difficult to convey in a 15–minute appointment, especially when compared
with a 45–minute appointment. As a Naturopathic Physician, I feel that I will be able to provide my patients with the care that they deserve.
The Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine Program at National vigorously prepares students for life as Naturopathic Physician in the alternative medicine
field. One unique way that National prepares students is through its integrated classrooms. This integration of students from different programs in the
same course allows the students to interact and make connections with other students. Creating connections is

The Healthcare Reimbursements Should Be Linked At The...
Executive Summary
The idea that the healthcare reimbursements should be linked to the quality outcomes and performance measures is central to the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act. The legislation provides various reforms that either provide incentives to healthcare providers for better quality services and
outcomes or reduce their payments if certain quality standards are unmet. This paper talks about the different reforms under PPACA, aimed at
introducing payment variations based on quality of care such as, Hospital Value Based Purchasing (VBP) program, improvements to different quality
reporting programs, payment adjustments for hospital acquired conditions (HAC), reduction of hospital readmission rates (HRRP), testing for ... Show
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Introduction
United States has no dearth of highly qualified, well–trained doctors and still the US healthcare quality fails to meet the established industry
benchmarks. Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) 2001 Report, "Crossing the Quality Chasm", clearly states that the American healthcare delivery system
is in need of a pivotal change. (Committee on Quality of Healthcare in America (Institute of Medicine), 2001). The exasperation level is continuously
rising amongst both, the patients and the providers, and yet the problem of delivering and receiving high quality care remains unaffected. In order to
address this problem of healthcare quality improvement and affordability, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA or Obamacare)
was signed in the year 2010. The main aim behind PPACA is to improve healthcare quality and accessibility, at the same time keeping it cost efficient.
To facilitate its goal PPACA is trying to achieve the cost effectiveness through reducing the Medicare price growth and regulating the quantity of care
by encouraging evidence based practices. This new legislation supports the healthcare system in which the goals of both provider and the patients are
better aligned with value as opposed to the quantity of services. Overall the reform under PPACA seeks to establish a direct link between the payments
made to the healthcare

The United States Of American ( U.s )
The United States of American (U.S) is a well developed country located in North America. The U.S is a country that puts in about 17.1% of its
GDP into the health care sector, but still seem to be getting a poor outcome compared to its counterparts(Squires & Anderson, 2015). Although their
health care spending seemed to have slowed over the years, they still spend a lot more than most high income & well developed nations around the
world (Squires & Anderson, 2015). In the U.S, patient's visits to physician and admission to hospitals have been low, but they present a high level of
technology use such as MRI machines, etc(Squires & Anderson, 2015). Furthermore, there tend to be low levels of equity and high levels of workforce
shortage in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rice et al., also indicated that the Medicare(which is for individuals 65 and older, disabled, renal failure) covers for Hospital and physician services,
Optional: (prescription drugs, vision, hearing, dental), the Medicaid(which is for pregnant women, disabled individuals, children, parents of dependent
children, & senior citizens, who are in the poverty line, but varies by state) covers for hospital, physician, long–term care, dental, vision, prescription
drugs(Varies by state). Other public sources which is for mostly veterans (VA) and active duty military and their families (TriCare), covers for
Hospital, physician services, prescription drugs, vision, hearing, dental. And Private insurance covers for Hospital, physician services, prescription
drugs, vision, hearing, dental(Rice et al., 2013).
As of 2011, most of the U.S health care spending went to "hospital care at 32%, physician and clinical services at 20%, nursing home and home health
care at 8%, Dental services at 4%, Other professional and personal health–care services at 3%, Government public health activities at 3%, Net cost of
health insurance at 6%, Other medical products at 3%, Government administration at 1%, and Investment at 6%"; all these are the services that the U.S
health care expenditure funds (Rice et al., 2013). Hospital care, Physician and clinical services, Nursing care facilities & continuing care retirement
communities, and Drug

Parents And Children Should Not Have Vaccinations
Some critics believe parents and children should not have vaccinations. There's still a debate going on because the medical community does not
agree. Healthcare professionals believes everyone should be vaccinated and it is very important. They believe vaccinations protect you when
traveling, prevent childhood illnesses, it's painless, and you take it once and you are protected for life (Pros and Cons, 2015). These diseases from
other countries can be brought back into the United States and cause an outbreak of diseases. Other people believe vaccinations are 90%–95%
effective, but there is still 5% that can still come in contact with the disease (Pros and Cons, 2015). They think it doesn't capture the illness and
immunity lasts longer if created by natural circumstances (Pros and Cons, 2015). Some schools require certain vaccinations to be taken before starting
to school. Fourteen studies have been conducted by Amanda Peet, a vaccine manufacturer, and she believes there is no association between autism and
vaccines. No real studies have ever been done but medical professions believe this is fake (Peet, n.d). Whether or not a parent cannot pay for
vaccinations is no problem. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) distributes vaccines to state health departments and other local agencies. These
agencies distribute them to private–physicians' offices, at no charge to those receiving vaccines (Vaccines for Children, 2014). The Childhood
Immunization Support Program (CISP) has

National Healthcare Reform in Us-Impact on Hospitals
Running head: NATIONAL HEALTH CARE REFORM IN US, ITS IMPACT 1 ON HOSPITALS National Health Care Reform in US, Its Impact
on Hospitals Heidi A. Horner New England College NATIONAL HEALTH CARE REFORM IN US, ITS IMPACT ON HOSPITALS 2 Abstract
The national debate over health care reform in the US has been going on for decades. Although the debate continues, the landscape of health care in
the US is certainly about to change as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (H.R. 3590) was enacted on March 23, 2010. Many politicians,
economists, health care providers and average citizens have weighed in on the topic with opinions as diverse as the country. The question is, will this
reform be the cure for our... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we add the fact that the new health care bill will cost $940 billion over 10 years, we are talking about an epic cost to deliver medical care to
US citizens. Unlike FDR's New Deal, which was a response to a severe financial and economic calamity, the Great Society initiatives came just as the
United States' post–war prosperity was starting to fade, but before the coming decline was being felt by the middle and upper classes. President
Kennedy proposed a tax cut lowering the top marginal rate by 20 percent, from 91 percent to 71 percent, which was enacted in February 1964 by
Lyndon Johnson. GNP rose 10 percent in the first year of the tax cut and economic growth averaged a rate of 4.5 percent from 1961 to 1968.
Disposable personal income rose 15 percent in 1966 alone. Federal revenues increased dramatically from $94 billion in 1961 to $150 billion in 1967.
As the Baby Boom generation aged, two and a half times more Americans entered the labor force between 1965 and 1980 than between 1950 and
1965. As a result, the war on poverty seemed to work. NATIONAL HEALTH CARE REFORM IN US, ITS IMPACT ON HOSPITALS 5 As we fast
forward to the early '70s, we see signs of large scale gains in funding and program scope for many of the Great Society's initiatives. Funding for these
programs grew rapidly in terms of nominal spending, but the seeds of failure were set through a long series of

Universal Healthcare And The United States Essay
Universal Healthcare in The United States "There are three basic goals for a National Health Care System; 1) keeping people healthy, 2) treating the
sick and 30 protecting families against financial ruin from medical bills", (Physicians for a National Health Program, 2016). No truer statement could
there possibly be written or proclaimed as there is a crisis in healthcare costs across the United States. United States, one of the most developed western
country, yet we suffer from– higher infant mortality rates, have shorter life spans and are affected by more chronic disease and or illness – than our
contemporaries all while spending the most for insurance per capita and less annual doctor visits with less physicians, (OECD Health Data 2015).
There is a question to be answered, "why", why are we trailing our contemporaries and more important than that is, is our National Health Care
system really working for us? The year 2010 was the beginning of change in the United States where we transitioned from primarily private insurance
and welfare to a universal healthcare model, under President Obama with the signing into Law of the Affordable Health Care Act March of 2010. The
purpose of the Affordable health care act is to ensure that all Americans have access to affordable healthcare, however in 2016 we are still questioning
we've been successful based on funding, government sponsored healthcare programs, effects on the current HCO, elderly, military and accessibility.

Hcs 235 Health Care Utilization Paper
Health Care Utilization HCS235
Health Care Utilization
HCS 235
October 30, 2012
Health Care Utilization
The Affordable Care Act was signed into law March 23, 2010 by President Barack Obama; however, the constitutionality of the law remained in
question. In a controversial 5–to–4 ruling, The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the law on June 28, 2012. The ACA is thought by some as the United
States health care rescue, and as its downfall by others.
It is estimated that the ACA will provide new services to 64 million Americans, providing health care coverage to 32 million previously uninsured. In
addition to providing new health insurance coverage, the ACA implemented several components that can expand access to health care. One policy...
The aim of the ACA is to provide affordable health care to all Americans, but it still leaves some issues unaddressed that will impact the access to
health care. Covino (n.d.), "Though the intentions of the legislation are good, the Affordable Care Act does little to improve the actual health care
delivery system" (para.1, page 2). According to the American Medical Association, we are facing an increasing Physician shortage. As of 2010 we
faced a shortfall of 13,700 physicians, the estimate is that number will increase to 62,900 by 2015, 91,500 by 2020, and 130,600 by 2025 (Krupa,
n.d.), with primary care taking the largest impact. Health Care coverage will be of no benefit if there are no doctors to treat the patients. An
example of this occurred in 2002 when Thailand's' "30 Bhat Scheme" added (CNN n.d.) "14 million people to the country's health care system,
resulting in long waits and subpar service" (Your health is covered, but who is going to treat you?) Several factors contribute to the physician
shortage. Many physicians are reaching the age of retirement, the Association of American Medical Colleges estimates nearly 15 million physicians
will be eligible for Medicare in the coming years (CNN n.d.). The increasing cost of malpractice insurance also deters many from pursuing a career in
medicine, and is forcing some doctors to retire. Also contributing to the physician shortage is a lack of spots in residency programs. "In 2011, more
than 7,000 were left

Health Insurance Failure
In 1915 a failed attempt was made for a national health insurance program. Another attempt was made in 1935 with a single line authorizing a study
of health insurance in the Social Security bill. In 1945, President Harry Truman endorsed universal health insurance. To be followed by a 1951, plan
for Old Age and Survivors Insurance was introduced. Then in 1965, Medicare was passed under then President Lyndon Johnson (Oberlander, 2015).
The model bill drafted by Progressives in 1915 for national health insurance, contained limited coverage for the working class and those who made less
than $1200 a year, which included dependents. Included were hospitals, maternity benefits, nurses, physicians and death benefits for funerals of $50.
Employers,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The line which was removed would have authorized the study of health insurance (Oberlander, 2015)(Palmer, 1999). President Harry Truman in 1945
supported a national health insurance, in which; opponents labeled it "social medicine" in their crusade against Communism. Truman's plan was to be
a single plan which would include all classes of society. It failure was due partially to the stigmatism of anti–communism and as before the special
interest groups (Oberlander, 2015)(Palmer, 1999). President Lyndon Johnson, by restricting eligibility to the elderly, limiting hospital care and
connecting it to Social Security, Medicare became a viable plan. Moving the concentration of the debate to the aged community a grass roots support
of seniors pushed the agenda into the national spotlight. An "eldercare plan was introduced by the AMA of a voluntary insurance was broader benefits.
The government countered expanding it proposal to include physician service, which intern became Medicare and Medicaid. Political concessions were
made with doctors, and hospitals. The Part A comprehensive health insurance and Part B voluntary physician insurance. President Johnson finally
signed it into law in 1965 as part of the "Great Society Legislation" (Oberlander, 2015)(Palmer,

Public And Private Financial Incentives
Summary: Public and private financial incentives are aligned as never before to encourage physicians to adopt electronic health records. To aid in the
transition, the government has also put billions into training health information technology workers and establishing regional extension centers to
provide technical and other advice. Even so, progress is slow and obstacles remain. Chief among those obstacles may be the investment of time
required to transition to an electronic system. By Brian Schilling In 2009 as part of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical
Health (HITECH) Act, the federal government set aside $27 billion for an incentive program that encourages hospitals and providers to adopt electronic
health... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Rewards of EHR Adoption For physicians willing to adopt EHRs, the financial incentives offered by the federal government are substantial.
The average physician with at least 30 percent of his or her patients covered by Medicare is eligible for up to $44,000 in total incentives. A physician
with at least 30 percent of his or her patients covered by Medicaid is eligible for even more, up to $63,750. To earn any of that money though,
physicians must do more than simply purchase an EHR system; they are required to show that they have achieved "meaningful use" of that system in
terms of improving quality. At a minimum, that will mean having systems capable of e–prescribing, reporting quality data, and exchanging data among
providers. As of May 19th, 320 health care providers (including 283 physicians and 37 hospitals) have received a total of $75 million in Medicare
incentive payments for demonstrating meaningful use of electronic health records. The relatively slow start was perhaps to be expected–to qualify for
this first round of incentives, practices were required to not only meet certain EHR requirements, but also sign up for the payments within the first two
weeks they were available. Many practices simply weren 't that far in the process. More telling for the future of HIT may be the number of physicians
and hospitals that have registered

The Physician Assistants Code Of Ethics
Physician Assistant's who may also go by the name PA, practice medicine under the supervision of a physician or a surgeon. PA's must be formally
trained and can examine patients, review medical histories, diagnose illnesses and injuries, order and interpret diagnostic tests such as x–rays and blood
tests, prescribe medication, document patient progress, and treat a range of ailments (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2014). The
physician assistants code of ethics is divided into four categories; Patient independence, goodwill, fair treatment and nonmaleficence (Anderson, J.
(2015)). The code of ethics promotes dignity, integrity, honesty and accountability.
There are very structured requirements in place in order for someone to become a physician's assistant. The individual must have graduated from a
physicians assistant program which is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Programs and pass thePhysician Assistant
National Certifying Exam (PANCE). The individual is required is to pass the NCCPA, which stands for
National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants, and pay the associated fees and turn in the appropriate applications. These applications
can be located at: http://flboardofmedicine.gov/licensing/physician–assistant–licensure/. As of July 1, 2012, rigid statues have been set in place which
gives the department the right to refuse licensure to anyone who has been involved in a felony, have been

Physician Assistant Personal Statement
The Physician Assistant Programs is the field I am interested in obtaining my Master's Degree. The requirements are a bachelor's degree and four
years experience in healthcare. The program length is a 26 months minim, which includes 75 hours of pharmacology, 175 hours in behavioral sciences
and nearly 580 hours of clinical medicine. The subject includes anatomy, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry, clinical, laboratory science and
microbiology and clinical rotation in the following areas; Internal Medicine Primary Care I, Primary Care II, Pediatrics, Women's Health, Emergency
Medicine Psychiatry/Mental Health, Surgery, Elective and Medical Surgical Selective.
Certified Physician Assistant you must complete a Physician Assistant Studies Program... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I appear to grow as my knowledge increase, which was evident by teamwork performance, even with my reluctance to work with teams. I notice an
improvement in performing my responsibilities at work and personal life because I was able to incorporate what learned into my everyday life. In
addition, the assignment increases my understanding about groups and their interaction. One of our assignments was to review a successful person
who was able to lead a team successfully. Researching the leader, gather information, determine if the information was accurate, obtaining the required
data and combing the group's information was helpful. Next, as a group, we decide how to present the information in front of the class. This
assignment strengthens my research skills, communication, problem–solving decision–making and the ability to take criticism. My improvement in
these area has allowed me to be effective in further my education, as a union delegate, as a client advocate and an effective leader in my

Rural Health Care For Rural Healthcare
пїјHELP WANTED: RURAL HEALTH CARE 1 Help Wanted: Rural Health Care Jamaica Agno & Dana Nino Waipahu High School February 24,
2015 пїјHELP WANTED: RURAL HEALTH CARE 2 Table of Contents Abstract...........................................................................................................3
Misfortune in Rural Health Care..............................................................................4 Physician
Shortages...................................................................................4 Increasing Professional and Technological Resources..........................................5
Geographic Barriers...................................................................................5 Culture Obstruction...................................................................................6
Gateway to Rural Healthcare.................................................................................7 Technological
Refinement–Telemedicine.........................................................7 Solution to Location ..................................................................................8 Growth of
Physicians in Rural Areas........................................................................9 The Future Practitioners of Rural America ........................................................9
Programs for Future Health Professionals.........................................................10

Responsibility For The Oversight, Engagement, Integration,...
OVERVIEW OF POSITION: Responsible for the oversight, engagement, integration, and management of all risk adjustment and comprehensive health
assessment strategies and programs for HealthCare Partners. Serves an essential leadership role in guiding the clinical policies, practices, and programs
of HealthCare Partners with final clinical accountability for the quality and appropriateness of clinical documentation and data integrity. Functions in a
critical leadership role in transforming and aligning geographic market practices and the organization's overall vision of a value–based, clinically
integrated system that is committed to care delivery that is patient–centered, efficient, timely, effective, equitable and safe. ESSENTIAL... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
в–ЎBe the voice regarding importance of comprehensive health assessment, accurate clinical documentation and closing the quality gaps to improve
patient experience and care. в–ЎIn partnership with physician leaders identify best practices and lift and scale practices in order to improve patient
outcomes, strengthen performance while driving consistent process/tools across markets, both for employed and affiliated physician group models.
в–ЎServe as national leadership champion for the integration of enterprise comprehensive health assessment programs and risk adjustment strategy.
Lead design and implementation of projects designed to facilitate high quality patient care and complete and accurate clinical documentation.
в–ЎCollaborate with Physician Leaders and HealthCare Partners' Executives; interact directly with Senior Leaders of various affiliated Medical Groups
within the HealthCare Partners network. в–ЎProvide leadership, administrative and management support, strategic planning and overall direction to the
National Risk Adjustment and Comprehensive Health Assessment Program. Leverage and improve existing models and design new systems to
identify gaps that would improve metrics and clinical documentation. в–ЎPromote quality of care using and developing clinical analysis of
performance as it relates to risk adjustment and quality data. Influence present model processes and design/implement new programs to improve clinical

Healthcare Reform : Socialized Medicine?
Besides the general purpose of providing healthcare to all, the idea of government healthcare is that there is a single–payer as opposed to multiple
insurance companies as well as government payers. All citizens are considered insured and only charged based on each individual's "ability to pay"
(MacDonald, 2013). This insurance would be paid for by the single–payer, the government, though the taxation of its citizens. Examples of this type of
system can be seen in countries such as Canada and Sweden, as well as our own Department of Veterans Affairs ' VA health system. The idea of a
nation–wide single–payer system has remained fairly popular in the United States due to the popularity and acceptance of the government's Medicare
program. In MacDonald's article, "Healthcare reform: Socialized medicine?", he quotes Deborah Chollet, a senior fellow at Mathematica Policy
Research in Washington, D.C.: "No matter where you move in the country, you keep your Medicare," she says. "It allows you to go to any doctor or
hospital you choose, and it 's not wildly expensive given the relatively expensive population it serves." (2013) Opinions such as these are what is
fueling the desire of U.S. citizens to evolve our multi–payer system into a universal single–payer system. This would eliminate competing private
insurance plans and exclusion of patients from coverage due to their existing health status (Kemble, 2012). Overall, a single–payer system appears to be
a more equal, streamline

Physician Assistants Or Pas Generally Practice Medicine...
Physician assistants or PAs generally practice medicine under a physician or surgeon's direction. PAs are trained to do physical examinations, provide
some treatment, and diagnose illnesses and injuries. They can also order x–rays and other laboratory tests, prescribe medications to patients, and treat
small injuries which could include casting, suturing, and splinting. Many physician assistants work in primary care areas like pediatrics, internal
medicine, and family medicine. Some even specialize in general surgery, orthopedics, geriatrics, and emergency medicine. PAs are an important part
of the health care system and they have come a long way over time. The first program for physician assistants was created in 1965 at Duke University
(History of the Profession, 2014). This educational program was created due to a misdistribution of physicians and to address the issues of health care
delivery at the time. Dr. Eugene Stead, who was the chairman of the Department of Medicine at Duke University, established the two–year program
while working on a new curriculum for undergraduates that were studying medical education. The two–year program was designed to train physician
assistants on how to provide proper medical care to the less fortunate, underserved populations under direct physician supervision. The first physician
assistants were mainly composed of military corpsmen and medics. They had previous knowledge and experiences from working in the military so it
was easier

Physician Assistant Duties
Physician assistants play a pivotal role in the healthcare industry. This profession emerged in the 1960's as a response to the shortage of doctors
entering the workforce (Hamilton, 2016). Physician assistants can do many things with the training that they receive during their schooling such as
providing diagnostic evaluations, therapeutic remediation, surgical assistance, and pharmaceutical prescription ("Physician Assistant Career Information
and Job Description"). Depending on their work experience, specialty, and the state that they practice in they may have different responsibilities. Some
duties of a P.A. are to: order and interpret tests, take patients medical history, counsel patients on preventive care, conduct physical examinations,
diagnose and treat illnesses, write prescriptions, and assist in surgeries.
P.A.s' easily continue to satisfy the shortage of doctors today because they can easily move between specialties since their training is more
generalized and shorter in length than that of an MD. The average length of a Physician Assistant program can be anywhere between 1 to 3 years.
According to PhysicianAssistantEDU.org (2017), most programs "require applicants to already possess a bachelor degree" because it is a graduate
level program and also require ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
degree program mainly consists of the following subjects: pharmacology, behavioral sciences, basic sciences, clinical medicine, and clinical rotations.
Credit hours are divided as follows, according to physicianassistantedu.org: 75 hours of pharmacology, 175 hours of behavioral sciences, over 400
hours in basic sciences, 580 hours of clinical medicine, and at least 2,000 hours of clinical rotations. Clinical rotations for a physician assistant include
family medicine, psychiatry, emergency medicine, and pediatrics to name a few. A physician assistant must be licensed by the state in which they
practice, as well as, by the National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants

The Single Payer Reimbursement System
What is a Single Payer Reimbursement System?
Single payer reimbursement is a health care financing system that "includes both the collection of money for health care and reimbursement of
providers for health care costs." In such a system, the government or a quasi public agency is the entity that bears full responsibility of collecting funds
and reimbursing appropriate parties, but the provision of care remains in private hands. Through taxpayer funds, the government collects money from
individuals and businesses, and then reimburses providers who delivered health care services to those individuals enrolled in the public health insurance
program. (http://www.pnhp.org/facts/what–is–single–payer).
Current Healthcare Financing System in the United States
The United States currently employs a multipayer system. The payers in this system include the government and private insurance companies., thus the
collection of money for health care is a joint responsibility of both parties. Private insurance companies collect premiums and other payments from
enrolled individuals and businesses. The government collects taxes from individuals and businesses. Regarding reimbursement, the private insurance
industry reimburses providers for health care services delivered to privately insured individuals, while the government reimburses providers for health
care services delivered to publicly insured individuals (e.g. people enrolled in Medicare, Medicaid, S–CHIP, or the VA).
A Comparison of

The Health Care System Within The United States
Although the health care system within the United States has operated on a fee–for–service system in which a provider benefits by being paid per
treatment or procedure given to a patient, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has influenced us to look into alternative forms of provider
reimbursement. One form of reimbursement that has recently been highlighted as a potential means to lower health care expenditures are bundled
payments, which are also known as episode–based payment. Bundled payments are being touted as a means to reduce national health expenditures,
increase coordination of care, and improve quality of care; however like any other form of provider reimbursement there are advantages as well as
disadvantages that need to be analyzed.
A bundled payment provides a physician with a set amount of money upfront in order to efficiently treat a patient's condition; the amount of money is
determined on the basis of a specific condition. A bundled payment provides an estimated reimbursement for all in–patient and outpatient services
needed for an episode of care. For instance if a patient fractures their hip and needs hip replacement surgery, a bundled payment will provide
reimbursement for all hospital services, surgical implants, all costs of physician services provided and will cover costs related to the episode within
ninety days after being discharged from the hospital. The majority of bundled payment programs offered are for episodes of care such as

The Healing Of Americ A Global Quest For Better, Cheaper,...
In The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care (2009), the author of the book, T.R. Reid travels to
industrialized democracies to discuss the different methods of health care delivery system used in these developed countries and compare them to the
health care system of the United States. According to T.R. Reid (2009), "the thesis of this book is that we can find cost–effective ways to cover every
American by borrowing ideas from foreign models of health care" (Reid, 2009, p. 11). This thesis illustrates that the American health care system
can manage health care costs effectively and provide care to all by using some of the successful health care delivery models of foreign nations.
The purpose of this book analysis is to discuss the four different health care models presented in this book and provide my prioritization or ranking
of these models. This analysis also aims to investigate a case known as the Nikki White case described in this book and discuss the lessons learned
from it. Furthermore, this analysis is going to provide my remarks on the, "An Apple a Day" comment relative to the Public Health Model. Lastly,
in this book analysis, I will share my conclusion on the basic premise of the book along with my take away messages that I will remember into my
future as a Public Health professional. The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care (2009) by T.R. Reid
describes four different

What Is The Role Of Health Care In Canada
Healthcare in United States and Canada
Judith Amang
South University
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, "shared responsibility" between the government, employers, and individuals to make sure that all
Americans have access to affordable and good–quality health insurance. Nevertheless, health coverage is divided, with several private and public
sources, as well as wide gaps in insured rates across the U.S. population. Medicare and Medicaid Services , a federal program for adults 65 and older
and some people with disabilities, works in collaboration with the state government to provide Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
(CHIP), an accumulation of federal–state programs for some low–income people. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Census Bureau, 2015). The ACA is expected to reduce the number of uninsured by 24 million by 2018.
The coverage of the ACA: ambulatory patient services, emergency services, hospitalization, maternity and newborn care, mental health services,
substance use disorder treatment, prescription drugs, rehabilitative services, devices, laboratory services, preventive and wellness services, chronic
disease management, and pediatric services, as well as dental and vision care (Congressional Budget Office, 2015).
Medicare provides coverage for hospitalization, physician services, and, through a voluntary supplementary program, prescription drugs. The program
also has abolished cost–sharing for a number of preventive services. Medicare offers a choice between "traditional" Medicare, which is open–network
and pays a fee–for a basis service, and Medicare Advantage, under which the federal government pays a private insurer for a network–based plan.
Medicaid, on the other hand, provides more extensive long–term care coverage. In addition, Medicaid covers a wide variety of services, including
hospitalization and physician services, with certain optional benefits vary by state.
Canada has a national health insurance program NHI (a government run health insurance system covering the whole population for a well–defined
medical benefits package). Health insurance coverage is universal. General taxes, finance NHI through a single payer

A New Medical Dram Marcus Welby Essay
In 1969 the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) aired a new medical drama called Marcus Welby, M.D. The title character was a Primary
Care Physician (PCP) who made house calls, had a kind bedside manner, and was on a first name basis with most of his patients. The drama
highlighted the meaning of caring for the whole person, not just a specific part of the body. Unfortunately those days are gone, just when we need
them the most. It is projected that the demand for PCP's will rapidly increase due to an aging population and health care reform, leaving a shortage of
over 20,000 physicians by the year 2020 ("Projecting the Supply," 2013).
A healthy primary care base is critical to the running of an effective health care system. People who have access to PCP's are more likely to receive
preventive and timely care for medical conditions. Having a PCP is also associated with fewer emergency department visits and fewer hospital
admissions (Abrams, Nuzum, Mika, & Lawlor, 2011). Developed countries have made primary care the foundation of their healthcare system. The
U.S. followed this model until 1949, and since that time PCP's have been steadily declining (Shi & Singh, 2015). A study by West and Dupras in 2012
showed that only 21.5 percent of third year internal medicine residents intended to continue on and make general internal medicine their career (Shi &
Singh, 2015). Today, most medical school graduates are entering specialties such as anesthesia, cardiology and

Pay for Performance Paper
The need to improve both the quality and the safety of health care in the United States is well documented. Traditional strategies to stimulate
improvement include regulation, measurement of performance and subsequent feedback, and marketplace competition. Despite limited evidence,
public reporting of hospital quality data and pay for performance have emerged as two of the most widely advocated strategies for accelerating
quality improvement (Lindenauer, 2007). Quality health care is very important to both physicians and patients because in essence everyone wants to
be in good health in order to live a long quality life. The United States has a lot of work to do on providing its citizens with quality health care and one
such innovation,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These payment structures have led to concerns about undersupply of needed services" (Virtual Mentor, 2006). The quality of health care is
directly affected by the system costs. The cost of health care has always been a major concern in the United States. With managed care systems
and pay for performance approaches cost does directly affect the quality. The major questions that surround this issue is are physicians being paid
fairly for their services, and are the services deserving of the costs associated with it. These questions may not be fully answered to the preference
of those involved with health care. The cost of health care will always be a debatable question but in essence there needs to be some type of
commission that can fairly determine cost of health care services so that all parties involved are compensated fairly. A physician takes an oath to
provide quality care to their patients no matter the cost but the physician also deserves to be compensated fairly for the services they do provide.
According to the AMA, "fair and ethical PFP programs are committed to improved patient care as their most important mission. Evidence–based quality
of care measures, created by physicians across appropriate specialties, is the measures used in the programs" (AMA 2005). Principals of the

Physician Assistants
The Contributions of Physician Assistants in Primary Care Methods
Health Profession Assignment
To understand the role of health profession, it is essential to acknowledge the importance and value of primary care. The beneficial impact of primary
care on population health can further be explained as greater access to health services, better quality of care, additional contributions towards
prevention strategies, prior action taken on health issues, and lastly the role of primary care in reducing unreliable and inefficient support towards
cure (Dover, Christian 10). Primary care professionals serve as the first contact providers of healthcare (AAPA, 2). They face first contact to the role
of healthcare system. In other words, they often are the ones to see depression and anxiety, early signs of cancer and disease, and other health concerns
(Dover, Christian 10). They accomplish their goal of patients receiving the right care, in the right form, from the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
At the practice level, physician assistants have taken over many duties once handled by doctors. Physician assistants working in family medicine
receive about half the salary of doctors, and those working in areas of specialties receive about one–third as much as doctors in the same specialty
(Cunningham). Physician assistants are included in health care delivery system in many different settings and specialties. They represent10 percent of
the primary care labor force and 9 percent of physicians in community health centers (AHRQ Stats No.3). Furthermore, most physician assistants work
in a variety of specialties, including oncology, dermatology, gastroenterology, orthopedics, and behavioral health (Doven, Christian 2). Many physician
assistants have worked in several specialties of healthcare and medicine over their careers, a representation of their adaptability (Doven, Christian

Becoming A Physician Assistant
Health is a major issue in any city or country. Health is considered the most important thing when it comes to taking care of your body. Without the
correct studies of how to take care and realize what is wrong with your health, you won't know the exact problem of what is going on. This is where
the professionals come in, in other words healthcare providers. A healthcare provider is defined as a provider of medical and health related services. We
contact healthcare providers for diagnosis, treatments, screening, consultations, and preventions of any harm to our health; this is also why they are
important to us. The range between healthcare providers widens from dentistry all the way to physical injuries. I personally want to be a health care
provider but not do any gross stuff like switching out hearts and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Physician assistants review patients' medical histories, conduct physical exams to check patients' health, order and interpret diagnostic tests such as x
rays or blood tests, make diagnoses concerning a patient's injury or illness, give treatment such as setting broken bones and immunizing patients,
educate and counsel patients and their families, record a patient's progress, research the latest treatments to ensure the quality of patient care and etc
on the daily basis. A physician assistant works under an official physician or a surgeon. They work in a wide range ofmedicine, This means there isn't a
specific type of population that they work with besides doing whatever an official physician or surgeon ask them to do. You must obtain a master
degree in an accredited program as well as pass the Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam to become a PA. I chose to research about physician
assistants because I never knew anything about PA's or what it would take to be

Shortage Of Physicians
Maldistribution of Physicians
Rural Area Physician Shortages
The shortage of physicians is a well–known, documented and accepted fact of American health care. According to the Health Resources and Services
Administration, 6,100 areas with less than one primary care physician for every 3, 500 people estimate that the medical workforce need over 8,000
additional physicians to address the shortage. The recruitment and retention of rural health care physicians is a challenge that Health Administrators
are faced with. The challenge of delivering access to health care in Rural area overall is a challenge. Patients in rural areas tend to be poorer, sicker,
older and the majority of them probably cannot afford health insurance. Lower reimbursement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not an easy job if you are not the person that God has given the talents and gift to serve in these types of areas. Proverbs 3:6 reads, "In all thy
ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths." (King James Version) Rural area physicians should be people of integrity and uncertainty and
be individuals that are willing to face many challenges. A person who enjoy small towns and seek to serve and invest in small communities can be
successful in rural medical practices.As a Health Administrator working in a rural areas the top three challenges to closely focus on would be
financing and payment structure, development of policies, and uncompensated care. The overall goal of the Health Administrator in rural areas is to
develop ways to improve the quality of care and the financial and operational performance for the rural area

Health Care Reform in Politics Essay
Health Care Reform in Politics
Due to the upcoming presidential election, the two major political parties, and their candidates, have been focusing on the primary problems that the
nation will face. Chief among those problems is the future of Medicare, the national health–insurance plan. Medicare was enacted in 1965, under the
administration of Lyndon B. Johnson, in order to provide health insurance for retired citizens and the disabled (Ryan). The Medicare program covers
most people aged 65 or older, as well as handicapped people who enroll in the program, and consists of two health plans: a hospital insurance plan
(part A) and a medical insurance plan (part B) (Marmor 22). Before Medicare, many Americans didn't have health... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a result of these problems, the program could cease to exist unless a solution is found. One of the problems of Medicare itself is that it doesn't
cover the costs of prescription drugs for its members; this has led to one of the major reasons that the program is in danger. A great deal of personal
healthcare relies on the use of drugs, and since the program doesn't cover these costs, the individual must bear them. According to the AARP, in 1999
out–of–pocket costs for prescription drugs were estimated to be $450 per person each year (AARP). Obviously, members have joined the program
to defray their medical costs, but these figures indicate that they still have large costs to pay. The other problem faced by the Medicare program is
that it is also suffering from a lack of funds. According to Governor George W. Bush, the financial health of Medicare is in serious jeopardy and
might face deficit as soon as 2010 (Bush). As a result of these major problems, one might wonder why the plan isn't scrapped for another program;
well according to polls done by the Public Agenda, an Internet public policy site, American citizens are strongly in favor of Medicare, and would rather
see the problems ironed out (Public Agenda). Therefore it is necessary to come up with a solution, so that the Medicare program remains intact. The
most favorable solution for these problems is for the national government to

Medicare: The United States' First Medical Social...
Merriam–Webster dictionary defines social insurance as, "protection of the individual against economic hazards (as unemployment, old age, or
disability) in which the government participates or enforces the participation of employers and affected individuals" (1). The United States government
operates several national social insurance programs. Medicare is the United States' first medical social insurance program. This program was designed
to provide health insurance to the elderly and protect them from financial hardship due to illness. A thorough investigation of this program reveals the
overall history, financial cost, and the total effect that it has had on the healthcare system. The idea of a national healthcare plan was first introduced
in 1945 by President Harry Truman. Although President Truman was unsuccessful in creating a government administered healthcare program, he was
successful in bringing attention to the issue of healthcare in the United States. In 1965 the United States' Congress passed a bill approving the
Medicare program. This program was designed to allow the country to provide elderly citizens access to affordable medical care. This bill was signed
into law a few days later by the 36th president, Lyndon B. Johnson. After signing this bill President Johnson stated, "We marvel not simply at the
passage of this bill, but that it took so many years to pass it."(Forty Years of Medicare 1). Finally, twenty years after President Truman first proposed a

Australia's Healthcare System
Global health system comparison between Australia and England
The World Health organisation (WHO) defines a healthcare system as a system "whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health"
through quality services and financial support (WHO 2000). Healthcare system are dependent on many factors and can vary from country to country.
Australia's healthcare system integrates a two–tiered model where governance, coordination and regulation are a combined effort of all levels of
government and the organisation and delivery of healthcare services are divided amongst both public and private sectors (AIHW 2016). Australia
provides universal care where the residents have access to care without having to worry about the cost (WHO ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is said to be the leading cause of illness and death globally with an estimated 14 million new cases reported in 2012 with concerns about this
number increasing in the next two decades (WHO 2017). It is the second common cause of death with a reported number of 8.8 million deaths in
2015 that is nearly 1 in 6 deaths due to cancer (WHO 2017). Cancer also has a significant impact on the economy as in 2010 alone $1.6 trillion dollars
was estimated to be the total cost of cancer (WHO 2017).
It is important that these mortality rates due to cancer are decreased in the near future to improve Australian as well as the global health. One way is by
providing population–based cancer screening (AIHW 2017). These services reduce morbidity and mortality rates by early detection and treatment of
precancerous abnormalities (AIHW

Brazil and United States Healthcare
A Comparative Analysis of Health Care Professionals in Brazil to Those in the United States Abstract The topic of health care has become the most
pressing and ongoing debates for not only the United States but also many other nations around the world. Many countries have implemented a
universal health coverage for years with effective results. While the United States steps into a immature national health care program, the government
can observe Brazil's health care system to learn valuable lessons. The type of health care system a country chooses has a major effect on the country's
health care professionals. While comparing the health care professionals of the United States and Brazil, many similarities can be seen;... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The common problem in Brazil for health care professionals seems to be a lack of distribution of doctors into the more rural areas of the country.
On average in Brazil, there are only 2 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In the northern regions of Brazil, where more rural areas are found, the amount
of hospitals per resident is lower than the average. Much like in the United States, doctors are very reluctant to the thought of beginning a practice in
a small rural town. Reasons being that small rural towns are usually less populated and on average bring in less household income. In Brazil, the idea
of practicing medicine in these depressed areas is even less glamorous because of the government involvement in health care. In these areas, practices
receive less attention including lack of supplies and infrastructure. Physicians located within wealthier and more populous areas have slightly better
access to equipment and infrastructure, but the conditions differ only slightly. Doctors are extremely rushed with a constant overflow of patients and
consistently working in hot rooms with little air circulation. This is problem does not only exist in the public clinics of general physicians. Specialist
physicians have a persistent flood of patients who do not need a specialist's care, but seek the specialist because there is no general physician available.
Another challenge that

Fueled By The National Momentum For Social Reform During
Fueled by the national momentum for social reform during the post–World War II era, the United Kingdom restructured their health care system in
1946 to a socialized form where the federal government both regulates and administers universal health care to its residents through the National Health
Service program. General income taxes fund the entirety of this health care program and the single–payer nature of this system has eliminated the need
for insurance companies since the federal government directly finances every British resident's medical bills at the time of their treatment. The
National Health Service provides health care coverage for all 64.6 million residents of Great Britain which removes the financial burden of individuals
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the name implies, the National Health Service provides health care services to only permanent residents and any international visitors, including
British born citizens, must pay a package rate for health care treatment that the government predetermines. The Washington Post's assessment of Great
Britain's health care system reveals that this package rate that foreign visitors must pay for basic medical procedures is significantly inexpensive when
compared with other industrialized countries. According to the gov.uk website, this National Health Service even provides immediate coverage to new
immigrants by making them pay a surcharge as part of their immigration application to enter into the system. Since a majority of health care treatments
in Britain are fully covered by the National Health Service, T.R. Reid in the PBS documentary, "Sick Around the World", explains that no British
residents fall into bankruptcy due to an inability to pay medical bills. The nhs.uk website further highlights the wide scope of health care coverage that
the National Health Service provides by explaining how patients receive inpatient and outpatient hospital care, physician services, preventive
treatments, diagnostic screenings, pediatric care, emergency care, nursing facilities, long–term care, and end–of–life care without any out–of–pocket
payments. Despite being one of the top five of the

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