- The document defines key health care terminology and describes the education, training, certification, and licensure process for physicians. It explains primary care roles and common medical specialties and subspecialties. The summary notes that a shortage of physicians is projected by 2025 despite increased demand.
This document discusses building consensus for electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare. It begins by outlining goals for improving healthcare quality put forth by the Institute of Medicine. It then discusses executive mandates for implementing EHRs and defines EHRs and how they differ from electronic medical records. Factors driving the need for EHRs are described. The stages of EHR implementation and meaningful use requirements are outlined. Attributes of EHRs that support continuity of care are listed. Considerations for EHR implementation including costs, downtime, caregiver assistance, and data integrity are also discussed.
- The document discusses trauma centers and their role in providing care to seriously injured patients. It defines trauma centers and describes their classification levels from I to V, with Level I centers providing the highest level of surgical specialties and care.
- The roles and requirements of Levels I-V trauma centers are outlined, including necessary coverage of specialists, transfer agreements, and quality assessment programs. Level I centers provide leadership and research.
- Two levels of pediatric trauma centers (P-I and P-II) are also defined, with Level P-I centers requiring at least two pediatric surgeons and other pediatric specialists.
- The document then discusses components and resources needed for trauma centers in Indonesia, including minimum hospital
The document lists and provides details on 4 CAAHEP-accredited Medical Assistant programs in Chicago:
1) Kaplan University-Chicago offers an Associate of Applied Science degree that requires 92 credits including courses in communication, mathematics, health science, medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, diseases, office management, coding, and clinical externship. Tuition is $34,132.
2) National Latino Education Institute offers a 10-month bilingual program comprising 63 credit hours including phlebotomy, terminology, and clinical services. It claims a 22% higher job placement rate than the national average of 70%.
3) Northwestern College-Chicago offers an Associate degree requiring 101 credits including usual
Prof. Gita Ashok Raj - AAHCI Regional Meeting 2013nki_se
The document discusses the creation and development of Gulf Medical University (GMU) in the United Arab Emirates. It provides details on GMU's establishment in 1998, upgrades over time, and current status as a private medical university with colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry and other health sciences. The university has a clearly defined tripartite mission of medical education, biomedical research, and healthcare. It maintains a well-organized governance structure and quality assurance processes to monitor its programs.
Building a consensus for the electronic health recordtschenf
This document discusses building consensus for electronic health records (EHRs). It begins by defining EHRs and distinguishing them from electronic medical records (EMRs). The document outlines the benefits of EHRs, such as reducing medical errors, improving patient outcomes, and empowering patients. It also discusses meaningful use standards and key aspects of EHR implementation like computerized physician order entry. Overall, the document emphasizes that successful EHR adoption requires thorough preparation, customized training, and comprehensive security planning.
This document introduces the concept of patient safety and discusses occurrence variance reporting (OVR) and international patient safety goals. It notes that medical errors injure 1 in 25 hospital patients and kill 44,000-98,000 people per year in the US. The goals of patient safety are to detect safety issues, implement preventive actions, and reduce risks. OVR involves voluntary reporting of process variations to improve quality and prevent recurrences. It identifies adverse events, near misses, and sentinel events. The six international patient safety goals focus on correctly identifying patients, improving communication, increasing medication safety, ensuring correct surgical procedures, reducing healthcare-associated infections, and decreasing falls.
Process Improvement in OPD billing by observing Billing Errors and thereby in...Angela Kaul
This document is a project report submitted by Dr. Angela Kaul to the Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes billing processes and errors at the Columbia Asia Hospital in Pune, India in order to improve efficiency and increase patient satisfaction. It includes an introduction, literature review on global and Indian healthcare industries, aim and objectives of the study, and an abstract that overviews analyzing billing time/delays, identifying non-value adding steps and errors, and recommending solutions.
This document discusses building consensus for electronic health records (EHRs) in healthcare. It begins by outlining goals for improving healthcare quality put forth by the Institute of Medicine. It then discusses executive mandates for implementing EHRs and defines EHRs and how they differ from electronic medical records. Factors driving the need for EHRs are described. The stages of EHR implementation and meaningful use requirements are outlined. Attributes of EHRs that support continuity of care are listed. Considerations for EHR implementation including costs, downtime, caregiver assistance, and data integrity are also discussed.
- The document discusses trauma centers and their role in providing care to seriously injured patients. It defines trauma centers and describes their classification levels from I to V, with Level I centers providing the highest level of surgical specialties and care.
- The roles and requirements of Levels I-V trauma centers are outlined, including necessary coverage of specialists, transfer agreements, and quality assessment programs. Level I centers provide leadership and research.
- Two levels of pediatric trauma centers (P-I and P-II) are also defined, with Level P-I centers requiring at least two pediatric surgeons and other pediatric specialists.
- The document then discusses components and resources needed for trauma centers in Indonesia, including minimum hospital
The document lists and provides details on 4 CAAHEP-accredited Medical Assistant programs in Chicago:
1) Kaplan University-Chicago offers an Associate of Applied Science degree that requires 92 credits including courses in communication, mathematics, health science, medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, diseases, office management, coding, and clinical externship. Tuition is $34,132.
2) National Latino Education Institute offers a 10-month bilingual program comprising 63 credit hours including phlebotomy, terminology, and clinical services. It claims a 22% higher job placement rate than the national average of 70%.
3) Northwestern College-Chicago offers an Associate degree requiring 101 credits including usual
Prof. Gita Ashok Raj - AAHCI Regional Meeting 2013nki_se
The document discusses the creation and development of Gulf Medical University (GMU) in the United Arab Emirates. It provides details on GMU's establishment in 1998, upgrades over time, and current status as a private medical university with colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry and other health sciences. The university has a clearly defined tripartite mission of medical education, biomedical research, and healthcare. It maintains a well-organized governance structure and quality assurance processes to monitor its programs.
Building a consensus for the electronic health recordtschenf
This document discusses building consensus for electronic health records (EHRs). It begins by defining EHRs and distinguishing them from electronic medical records (EMRs). The document outlines the benefits of EHRs, such as reducing medical errors, improving patient outcomes, and empowering patients. It also discusses meaningful use standards and key aspects of EHR implementation like computerized physician order entry. Overall, the document emphasizes that successful EHR adoption requires thorough preparation, customized training, and comprehensive security planning.
This document introduces the concept of patient safety and discusses occurrence variance reporting (OVR) and international patient safety goals. It notes that medical errors injure 1 in 25 hospital patients and kill 44,000-98,000 people per year in the US. The goals of patient safety are to detect safety issues, implement preventive actions, and reduce risks. OVR involves voluntary reporting of process variations to improve quality and prevent recurrences. It identifies adverse events, near misses, and sentinel events. The six international patient safety goals focus on correctly identifying patients, improving communication, increasing medication safety, ensuring correct surgical procedures, reducing healthcare-associated infections, and decreasing falls.
Process Improvement in OPD billing by observing Billing Errors and thereby in...Angela Kaul
This document is a project report submitted by Dr. Angela Kaul to the Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes billing processes and errors at the Columbia Asia Hospital in Pune, India in order to improve efficiency and increase patient satisfaction. It includes an introduction, literature review on global and Indian healthcare industries, aim and objectives of the study, and an abstract that overviews analyzing billing time/delays, identifying non-value adding steps and errors, and recommending solutions.
Osha worker and safety high level trainingGeorge Mentis
How health care workers can prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens
The penalties OSHA has issued to health care organizations over the past 10 years have frequently been due to lack of adequate exposure control plans.
This document summarizes a meeting on cross-border healthcare in Cyprus. It discusses the EU Directive on cross-border healthcare, which establishes rules for reimbursing costs and responsibilities of member states. The directive aims to help patients access specialized treatment, including for rare diseases, in other EU countries. It covers reimbursement, cooperation between healthcare systems, and member state freedoms. The document outlines provisions for patient entitlements, prior authorization requirements, pricing transparency, and non-discrimination. It notes that implementation is still early and more awareness is needed for patients to utilize cross-border options. Standardizing quality and safety indicators and using it as a solidarity tool could help decrease health inequalities.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of ethics committee (EC) members in reviewing clinical trial protocols. It describes the composition of ECs, which includes chairs, clinicians, scientists, legal experts, social scientists, philosophers, theologians, and lay people. The roles of EC members include scientifically and ethically reviewing protocols, informed consent documents, risks and benefits, qualifications, and providing ongoing trial oversight. The chair oversees meetings while the member secretary organizes documentation and communication. Together the multidisciplinary EC works to protect research participants.
This document discusses 10 key facts about patient safety:
1) Patient safety is a global public health issue recognized by WHO.
2) As many as 1 in 10 patients are harmed while receiving hospital care in developed countries.
3) Developing countries have an even higher risk of patient harm from issues like healthcare-associated infections which are 20 times more common than in developed nations.
4) WHO and its World Alliance for Patient Safety are working with countries to improve safety practices and reduce risks to patients worldwide.
To create a mechanism to allow the patient or the patient’s designated representative to participate in the consideration of ethical issues that arise in the care of the patient; to provide an organization and mechanism for the consideration of ethical issues arising in the care of patients; and to provide education to care givers and patients on ethical issues in health care.
This document outlines the quality improvement and patient safety curriculum for the residency program at the University of California, San Francisco Department of Medicine. It includes an introduction that provides the rationale for teaching QI and PS to residents. It then describes the global goals and objectives of the curriculum, as well as the core concepts and tools taught. An overview of how the curriculum maps to ACGME milestones is presented. The document provides details on how the curriculum is organized and delivered, including descriptions by program, training site, and year. It concludes by discussing next steps for the curriculum. The goal of the curriculum is to prepare physicians to provide safe, high-quality, patient-centered care and cultivate future leaders in healthcare quality improvement
This document provides a summary of guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP) according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). It discusses the purpose and scope of GCP, which is to ensure proper design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials involving human subjects. Key topics covered include ethics review, responsibilities of investigators and sponsors, informed consent of subjects, clinical trial documentation and record keeping. The document emphasizes protecting the rights, safety and well-being of clinical trial subjects.
This document provides information about the European University Cyprus School of Medicine, including its establishment, accreditations, programs, innovations, and future plans. Some key points include:
- The school was established in 2010 and offers a 6-year MD program accredited by ECPU.
- It has over 250 students and provides clinical training in 8 hospitals in Cyprus.
- Innovations include early clinical exposure for students and Greek language training.
- Future plans include collaborations with Harvard Medical School and initiatives to improve student attendance and participation.
This document is a checklist used to assess standards and measurable elements for inpatient care at a healthcare facility. It covers areas like scope of service, patient safety goals, assessment of patients, patient and family education, and patient and family rights. For each standard, staff are asked questions to determine if the element is met, not met, not applicable, or not tested. Remarks can also be included. The goal is to evaluate areas like patient identification, communication, safety of medications, infection control, fall risk reduction, documentation, consent processes, privacy and more.
The document discusses various topics related to medical ethics and research involving human subjects, including:
1. Historical events that shaped ethical guidelines like the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki.
2. The structure and functions of Institutional Ethics Committees, including their role in reviewing research proposals and providing oversight.
3. Key principles of ethical research like informed consent, minimizing risks, and protecting participant privacy and welfare.
4. Issues around informed consent processes and the review of research by ethics committees.
This document discusses the licensing and standardization of hospitals in the Philippines. It provides information on the classification of hospitals according to ownership, functional capacity, trauma capacity, and new versus old classification systems. It also outlines standards for personnel, physical facilities, equipment, service delivery, quality improvement, information management, and environmental management. Finally, it provides procedural guidelines for applying for licenses and permits, including the certificate of need, permit to construct, initial license to operate, and license to operate renewal.
1. The document outlines the course structure and syllabus for an Introduction to Quality and Patient Safety course. It includes 6 units covering topics like quality assurance, infection prevention and control, biomedical waste management, and disaster preparedness.
2. The syllabus overview provides details on the number of lecture hours, pedagogy tools, and key concepts covered for each unit. Unit 3 specifically discusses infection control practices and sterilization techniques.
3. References and reading materials are listed, including textbooks on patient safety and quality control, as well as reference books and websites with further information on topics like biosensors and strategies for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
Here are the key points from the contributors' comments:
- The manual provides a wealth of information about clinical trials in an accessible way to allow non-experts like ethics committee members to become confident in their roles.
- It complements other readings in the field of research ethics and good clinical practice.
- As a guide, it is widely applicable to ethics committee review across countries and is not specific to any one regulatory system.
- At around one afternoon's reading, it is comprehensive yet concise.
- Ethics committee members should have an overview of product development and study designs to better assess risks and identify ethics issues - this manual provides that context.
- Compared to other books, it covers the
This presentation shows the importance of HIPAA compliance and correct handling procedures of medical records. This is a training tool used to help protect patient confidentiality.
Improving quality, safety and lives - the Patient Safety Collaborative Programme 2014-2019
Presentation from Chief Nursing Officer for England's Summit 2014
26 November 2014
Patient safety is an important part of healthcare. It aims to prevent harm caused by accidents, errors, and complications during treatment. Some key aspects of ensuring patient safety include accurate patient identification, effective communication of medical information, safe medication practices, reducing risks of infections, conducting risk assessments, following safety protocols for radiation and surgery, and maintaining a safe clinic environment. Organizations are working to promote a culture of safety and establish systems to safeguard patients.
The document provides information about the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It discusses that ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India, established in 1911. ICMR conducts intramural research through its institutes and centers, and extramural research through grants to external institutes. It aims to address health issues like tuberculosis, malaria, and nutrition. ICMR has various divisions and units that oversee areas like administration, finance, and basic medical sciences. It also has regional research centers across India. ICMR funds research through various schemes and fellowships.
The document outlines the International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) which are aimed at reducing common causes of medical errors and improving patient safety. It discusses the goals of correctly identifying patients, improving communication effectiveness, improving safety of high-alert medications, ensuring correct surgery procedures, reducing healthcare-associated infections, and reducing risks of patient harm from falls. For each goal, it provides more details on the specific processes and standards involved in achieving that goal.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of ethics committees (ECs) or institutional review boards (IRBs). It states that ECs are independent bodies composed of medical, scientific, and non-scientific members who ensure the protection of human subjects in clinical trials. Their key responsibilities include reviewing and approving study protocols and informed consent documents. The document outlines that ECs should have a diverse membership including specialists in different areas like science, medicine, ethics, law, and lay persons. It explains the perspectives and expertise that different member types, such as basic scientists, legal experts, and social workers, provide to the EC. Finally, it states that the primary purpose of EC/IRB review is to assure the protection of subjects' rights
Institutional ethics committee : Roles and ResponsibilitiesDrSahilKumar
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of an Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The main points are:
1. An IEC is an independent body that reviews clinical trials and ensures the ethical treatment of human subjects. It evaluates protocols, informed consent forms, and other aspects of research proposals.
2. The IEC's main responsibilities are to protect participants, ensure universal ethical values are followed, and help develop research that meets local health needs.
3. The IEC reviews documents like protocols, consent forms, recruitment materials, safety information, and investigators' qualifications before research begins and conducts continuing annual reviews. It documents its approval, required modifications, or disapproval of proposed studies in writing.
Health Professionals - The People in Health Care - Lecture 2_slidesCMDLearning
This lecture describes the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of various health professionals including nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, and medication assistants. It discusses the different types of nursing education programs and clinical training required. The lecture also covers the certification and licensure processes as well as specific nursing roles in hospital, ambulatory, and long-term care settings. Non-clinical nursing roles are described along with projections for nursing needs through 2025.
This document discusses using volunteers, students, and other healthcare professionals as vaccinators. It provides an overview of who is authorized to be a vaccinator according to Connecticut state guidelines, including licensed medical professionals as well as EMTs, paramedics, dentists, dental hygienists, veterinarians, and others with additional training. It also shares numbers on Community Health Center's vaccinators, which include over 450 paid staff, volunteers, travel nurses, and students. The document discusses partnerships with Nuvance Health and LACE for additional vaccinators and reaching communities. Training objectives for all vaccinators are also summarized.
Osha worker and safety high level trainingGeorge Mentis
How health care workers can prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens
The penalties OSHA has issued to health care organizations over the past 10 years have frequently been due to lack of adequate exposure control plans.
This document summarizes a meeting on cross-border healthcare in Cyprus. It discusses the EU Directive on cross-border healthcare, which establishes rules for reimbursing costs and responsibilities of member states. The directive aims to help patients access specialized treatment, including for rare diseases, in other EU countries. It covers reimbursement, cooperation between healthcare systems, and member state freedoms. The document outlines provisions for patient entitlements, prior authorization requirements, pricing transparency, and non-discrimination. It notes that implementation is still early and more awareness is needed for patients to utilize cross-border options. Standardizing quality and safety indicators and using it as a solidarity tool could help decrease health inequalities.
This document outlines the roles and responsibilities of ethics committee (EC) members in reviewing clinical trial protocols. It describes the composition of ECs, which includes chairs, clinicians, scientists, legal experts, social scientists, philosophers, theologians, and lay people. The roles of EC members include scientifically and ethically reviewing protocols, informed consent documents, risks and benefits, qualifications, and providing ongoing trial oversight. The chair oversees meetings while the member secretary organizes documentation and communication. Together the multidisciplinary EC works to protect research participants.
This document discusses 10 key facts about patient safety:
1) Patient safety is a global public health issue recognized by WHO.
2) As many as 1 in 10 patients are harmed while receiving hospital care in developed countries.
3) Developing countries have an even higher risk of patient harm from issues like healthcare-associated infections which are 20 times more common than in developed nations.
4) WHO and its World Alliance for Patient Safety are working with countries to improve safety practices and reduce risks to patients worldwide.
To create a mechanism to allow the patient or the patient’s designated representative to participate in the consideration of ethical issues that arise in the care of the patient; to provide an organization and mechanism for the consideration of ethical issues arising in the care of patients; and to provide education to care givers and patients on ethical issues in health care.
This document outlines the quality improvement and patient safety curriculum for the residency program at the University of California, San Francisco Department of Medicine. It includes an introduction that provides the rationale for teaching QI and PS to residents. It then describes the global goals and objectives of the curriculum, as well as the core concepts and tools taught. An overview of how the curriculum maps to ACGME milestones is presented. The document provides details on how the curriculum is organized and delivered, including descriptions by program, training site, and year. It concludes by discussing next steps for the curriculum. The goal of the curriculum is to prepare physicians to provide safe, high-quality, patient-centered care and cultivate future leaders in healthcare quality improvement
This document provides a summary of guidelines for good clinical practice (GCP) according to the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). It discusses the purpose and scope of GCP, which is to ensure proper design, conduct, and reporting of clinical trials involving human subjects. Key topics covered include ethics review, responsibilities of investigators and sponsors, informed consent of subjects, clinical trial documentation and record keeping. The document emphasizes protecting the rights, safety and well-being of clinical trial subjects.
This document provides information about the European University Cyprus School of Medicine, including its establishment, accreditations, programs, innovations, and future plans. Some key points include:
- The school was established in 2010 and offers a 6-year MD program accredited by ECPU.
- It has over 250 students and provides clinical training in 8 hospitals in Cyprus.
- Innovations include early clinical exposure for students and Greek language training.
- Future plans include collaborations with Harvard Medical School and initiatives to improve student attendance and participation.
This document is a checklist used to assess standards and measurable elements for inpatient care at a healthcare facility. It covers areas like scope of service, patient safety goals, assessment of patients, patient and family education, and patient and family rights. For each standard, staff are asked questions to determine if the element is met, not met, not applicable, or not tested. Remarks can also be included. The goal is to evaluate areas like patient identification, communication, safety of medications, infection control, fall risk reduction, documentation, consent processes, privacy and more.
The document discusses various topics related to medical ethics and research involving human subjects, including:
1. Historical events that shaped ethical guidelines like the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki.
2. The structure and functions of Institutional Ethics Committees, including their role in reviewing research proposals and providing oversight.
3. Key principles of ethical research like informed consent, minimizing risks, and protecting participant privacy and welfare.
4. Issues around informed consent processes and the review of research by ethics committees.
This document discusses the licensing and standardization of hospitals in the Philippines. It provides information on the classification of hospitals according to ownership, functional capacity, trauma capacity, and new versus old classification systems. It also outlines standards for personnel, physical facilities, equipment, service delivery, quality improvement, information management, and environmental management. Finally, it provides procedural guidelines for applying for licenses and permits, including the certificate of need, permit to construct, initial license to operate, and license to operate renewal.
1. The document outlines the course structure and syllabus for an Introduction to Quality and Patient Safety course. It includes 6 units covering topics like quality assurance, infection prevention and control, biomedical waste management, and disaster preparedness.
2. The syllabus overview provides details on the number of lecture hours, pedagogy tools, and key concepts covered for each unit. Unit 3 specifically discusses infection control practices and sterilization techniques.
3. References and reading materials are listed, including textbooks on patient safety and quality control, as well as reference books and websites with further information on topics like biosensors and strategies for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
Here are the key points from the contributors' comments:
- The manual provides a wealth of information about clinical trials in an accessible way to allow non-experts like ethics committee members to become confident in their roles.
- It complements other readings in the field of research ethics and good clinical practice.
- As a guide, it is widely applicable to ethics committee review across countries and is not specific to any one regulatory system.
- At around one afternoon's reading, it is comprehensive yet concise.
- Ethics committee members should have an overview of product development and study designs to better assess risks and identify ethics issues - this manual provides that context.
- Compared to other books, it covers the
This presentation shows the importance of HIPAA compliance and correct handling procedures of medical records. This is a training tool used to help protect patient confidentiality.
Improving quality, safety and lives - the Patient Safety Collaborative Programme 2014-2019
Presentation from Chief Nursing Officer for England's Summit 2014
26 November 2014
Patient safety is an important part of healthcare. It aims to prevent harm caused by accidents, errors, and complications during treatment. Some key aspects of ensuring patient safety include accurate patient identification, effective communication of medical information, safe medication practices, reducing risks of infections, conducting risk assessments, following safety protocols for radiation and surgery, and maintaining a safe clinic environment. Organizations are working to promote a culture of safety and establish systems to safeguard patients.
The document provides information about the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). It discusses that ICMR is the apex body for biomedical research in India, established in 1911. ICMR conducts intramural research through its institutes and centers, and extramural research through grants to external institutes. It aims to address health issues like tuberculosis, malaria, and nutrition. ICMR has various divisions and units that oversee areas like administration, finance, and basic medical sciences. It also has regional research centers across India. ICMR funds research through various schemes and fellowships.
The document outlines the International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) which are aimed at reducing common causes of medical errors and improving patient safety. It discusses the goals of correctly identifying patients, improving communication effectiveness, improving safety of high-alert medications, ensuring correct surgery procedures, reducing healthcare-associated infections, and reducing risks of patient harm from falls. For each goal, it provides more details on the specific processes and standards involved in achieving that goal.
The document discusses the roles and responsibilities of ethics committees (ECs) or institutional review boards (IRBs). It states that ECs are independent bodies composed of medical, scientific, and non-scientific members who ensure the protection of human subjects in clinical trials. Their key responsibilities include reviewing and approving study protocols and informed consent documents. The document outlines that ECs should have a diverse membership including specialists in different areas like science, medicine, ethics, law, and lay persons. It explains the perspectives and expertise that different member types, such as basic scientists, legal experts, and social workers, provide to the EC. Finally, it states that the primary purpose of EC/IRB review is to assure the protection of subjects' rights
Institutional ethics committee : Roles and ResponsibilitiesDrSahilKumar
The document discusses the role and responsibilities of an Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). The main points are:
1. An IEC is an independent body that reviews clinical trials and ensures the ethical treatment of human subjects. It evaluates protocols, informed consent forms, and other aspects of research proposals.
2. The IEC's main responsibilities are to protect participants, ensure universal ethical values are followed, and help develop research that meets local health needs.
3. The IEC reviews documents like protocols, consent forms, recruitment materials, safety information, and investigators' qualifications before research begins and conducts continuing annual reviews. It documents its approval, required modifications, or disapproval of proposed studies in writing.
Health Professionals - The People in Health Care - Lecture 2_slidesCMDLearning
This lecture describes the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of various health professionals including nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, and medication assistants. It discusses the different types of nursing education programs and clinical training required. The lecture also covers the certification and licensure processes as well as specific nursing roles in hospital, ambulatory, and long-term care settings. Non-clinical nursing roles are described along with projections for nursing needs through 2025.
This document discusses using volunteers, students, and other healthcare professionals as vaccinators. It provides an overview of who is authorized to be a vaccinator according to Connecticut state guidelines, including licensed medical professionals as well as EMTs, paramedics, dentists, dental hygienists, veterinarians, and others with additional training. It also shares numbers on Community Health Center's vaccinators, which include over 450 paid staff, volunteers, travel nurses, and students. The document discusses partnerships with Nuvance Health and LACE for additional vaccinators and reaching communities. Training objectives for all vaccinators are also summarized.
This document discusses nursing routines and procedures. It explains that nurses work in a variety of settings, including acute care, ambulatory care, long-term care, home health care, public health, schools, and occupational health. Regardless of setting, all nurses must safely administer medication, carefully document the nursing process, and learn to use new technologies. The document also outlines specific invasive procedures nurses may perform, such as injections, catheter insertions, and wound suturing. It emphasizes the importance of careful documentation and following best practices for medication administration to prevent errors.
This document discusses ethics and professionalism in healthcare. It begins by outlining the learning objectives which are to examine the relationships between ethical ideals, professionalism, and legal duties. It then discusses how ethical and legal standards sometimes align, overlap, or conflict. Ethical obligations typically exceed legal duties. The document outlines sources of legal standards like state medical practice laws and malpractice law. It discusses how the culture of healthcare can make it difficult to disclose unethical behaviors due to expectations. The hidden curriculum in medical education is also examined, where the prevailing attitudes can contradict ethics training.
Health Professionals - The People in Health Care - Lecture 3_slidesCMDLearning
This document discusses the education, training, certification, and roles of various health professionals. It describes training requirements and roles for physician assistants, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, radiology technicians, EKG technicians, dietitians, EMTs, paramedics, dental professionals, mental health professionals, social workers, and case managers. The document provides an overview of the lecture which reviewed terminology used in healthcare and education paths for many common medical positions.
Lecture a discusses how health care in the US is regulated through accreditation, regulatory bodies, and professional associations. The Joint Commission is a major nonprofit accrediting body that establishes standards and accredits hospitals and other organizations through reviews and core measure reporting. Other accrediting organizations include URAC and the National Committee for Quality Assurance. Regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration enforce standards to protect consumers. Professional associations represent various health professions and promote quality through certification, education, and advocacy.
This slide show provides a summary of Larkin Community Hospital and our plans for Larkin University.
Larkin Community Hospital is one of 12 designated statutory teaching hospitals in Florida. We offer the largest number of training programs for Osteopathic Physicians in the United States (offering training in more than 30 different specialties). We sponsor an allopathic residency program in Psychiatry, an Advanced Education in General Dentistry Residency Program, an American Society of Health System Pharmacists Accredited Pharmacy Residency Program and a Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency Program. In addition, our School of Nursing offers a Registered Nurse Associate Degree program and our College of Biomedical Sciences offers a Post-Baccalaureate Biomedical Sciences Degree program.
Our hospital is also the home of:
• The Miami Neuroscience Center at Larkin, a state of the art facility which specializes in Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. This 25 member team, led by world renowned neurosurgeon Dr. Aizik Wolf, has performed over 8000 procedures during the past 20 years. Gamma Knife is a non-invasive state of the art neurological procedure used to treat brain tumors, head and neck cancer, and neurological conditions, such as trigeminal neuralgia and Arteriovenous Malformations.
• The Center for Advanced Orthopedics at Larkin, which specializes in advanced orthopedic surgery using the latest multimodal perioperative pain management modalities and state of art technology and instrumentation with advanced robotic technology. The center, led by world renowned orthopedic surgeon Dr. Carlos Lavernia, includes an outcomes-oriented robust research component with an ongoing prospective surgical registry and a comprehensive rehabilitation department.
The document discusses the implementation of Joint Commission International (JCI) standards at a tertiary care heart hospital in India, with a special focus on documentation. It describes the background and need for JCI accreditation. The hospital underwent a comparative study of its practices against JCI and National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) standards, finding gaps in areas like patient care, nursing care, leadership and biomedical waste management. The report recommends remedial actions to address weaknesses.
The document discusses the implementation of Joint Commission International (JCI) standards at a tertiary care heart hospital in India, with a special focus on documentation. It provides background on JCI and outlines its standards and accreditation process. The document reports on a comparative study conducted between JCI and National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) standards. The study found that some policies were not in place at the hospital and many needed improvement, particularly in areas like patient care, nursing care, hospital leadership procedures, and biomedical waste management. Remedial actions are required by hospital management to address key areas of weakness.
This document discusses methods for controlling rising health care costs in the United States. It explores how increased use of health information technology, evidence-based medicine, and new models of primary care such as the patient-centered medical home can improve efficiency and reduce expenditures. Alternative delivery methods like urgent care clinics and greater use of nurse practitioners and physician assistants may also lower costs. While concierge medicine provides enhanced services, there is no data showing it contains overall spending. Tort reform aims to curb defensive medicine practices that drive up healthcare costs.
Know everything about of the best private paramedical science college in Moradabad, UP.
Click to know more : https://www.tmu.ac.in/college-of-paramedical-sciences
Best Clinical Research Courses In India 2023-2024.pdfTrishalaDeshmane1
Get comprehensive and up-to-date Best Clinical Research Courses in India for 2022-2023. Improve your career with our industry-leading courses, taught by expert trainers. Gain hands-on experience with cutting-edge technologies.
This lecture discusses the delivery of primary and specialty care in outpatient settings in the United States. It describes where primary care is typically delivered, the main primary care specialties of family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, and OB/GYN. It outlines the organization of specialty care and different types of specialty clinics. The lecture also discusses the primary care crisis in the US due to fewer primary care physicians and increased costs, and potential solutions like shifting training focus and increased funding.
The Heartaches Associated with Billing for Cardiac DevicesPYA, P.C.
PYA Principal Denise Hall-Gaulin and Consulting Manager Joanna Malcolm presented a free webinar for the Georgia chapter of the Healthcare Financial Management Association, on Tuesday, December 6, 2016.
The presentation was geared toward C-suite hospital leaders, compliance officers, in-house counsel, operational leaders, and patient accounting leadership, and covered:
The criteria for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), pacemakers, and other devices
The documentation requirements for payment
The prerequisites for a clean audit
Clinical trials research and administrationBII Noida
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Health Professionals - The People in Health Care - Lecture 1_slides
1.
2. The Culture of Health Care
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Lecture a
This material (Comp2 Unit 2) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under
Award Number IU24OC000015. This material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College under Award
Number 90WT0002.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
3. Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Learning Objectives
• Define terms used in health care and in health professionals’
education and training, including clinician, patient/consumer,
disease, and syndrome. (Lecture a)
• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
physicians, including those in primary care and other specialties.
(Lecture a)
• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses,
medical assistants, and medication aides. (Lecture b)
• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, and allied health
professionals. (Lecture c)
• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of
paramedics, emergency medical technicians, dental professionals,
mental health professionals, and social workers. (Lecture c)
3
4. Terminology
(Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, Medline Plus, 2010)
• Health professional:
– Provides care to the sick and injured in pre-
hospital, hospital, outpatient, home, extended-
care facilities, and other settings
– Supports preventive care, wellness services,
and patients’ self-managed care
• Patient/consumer:
– Anyone seeking preventive care services,
wellness services, assistance with self-
managed care, or medical services
4
5. Terminology Continued
• Clinician: An individual qualified in the
clinical practice of medicine, psychiatry, or
psychology as distinguished from one
specializing in laboratory or research
techniques or in theory
5
6. Terminology Continued 2
• Disease: An impairment of a specific structure or
function of the body that produces symptoms
and physical findings; usually attributable to a
specific cause, such as a specific type of
bacteria causing pneumonia
• Syndrome: A combination of symptoms and
physical findings not easily attributable to a
specific cause. An example is carpal tunnel
syndrome, which is pain, burning, and
numbness in the hand
6
7. Terminology Continued 3
• Education:
– Formal lecture and learning activities,
including simulation and patient contact
– Depending on the health profession, may be
on-the-job training, a certificate, associate’s
degree, bachelor’s degree, master’s degree,
or doctoral degree
• Training:
– Supervised clinical practice; often has
increasing level of responsibility with time
7
8. Terminology Continued 4
• Certification has several meanings:
– Education/training certificate program typically 1 year
for medical assistants
– National health profession organization certification
typically requires completion of an accredited
program and an exam, such as with radiologic
technologists
– Physician board certification in a specialty or
subspecialty requires an approved
residency/fellowship and a board exam
• State licensure is mandatory for many practicing
professionals, such as physicians and nurses 8
10. Physician Continued
• Certification
– Completion of an approved residency or
fellowship program
– Must have a valid state medical licenses to
practice
– Must complete a written and/or practical exam
in that specialty or subspecialty
– Maintenance of certification
• State licensure
– Reciprocity among states 10
13. Common Internal Medicine
Specialties and Subspecialties
• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Gastroenterology
• Geriatric medicine
• Hematology and oncology
• Infectious disease
• Nephrology
• Pulmonary disease and critical care medicine
• Rheumatology
• Genomic specialists 13
14. Surgical Subspecialties
• Cardiovascular surgery
• Colon and rectal (colorectal) surgery
• Neurosurgery
• Orthopedic surgery
• Otolaryngologic surgery
• Pediatric surgery
• Plastic surgery
• Urologic surgery
14
17. Nonclinical Roles of Physicians
• Administration
• Teaching
• Research
• Public health
• Publishing
Check out the video link for physician nonclinical
roles: http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0
17
18. Nonclinical Roles for Physicians
• Clinical or health informatics
– Focused on effective use of clinical systems in
patient care delivery processes
– Certifications are available in informatics for
clinicians
– Physicians with an informatics background
can serve in a variety of roles
18
19. Physicians in 2025
• Physician demand will grow faster than
supply
• By 2025, physician demands are projected
to exceed supply by a range of 46,000 to
90,000
– A shortfall of between 12,500 and 31,100
primary care physicians
– A shortfall of between 28,200 and 63,700
non–primary care physicians
Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d.
19
20. Physicians in 2025 Continued
• Solving the shortage requires a
multipronged approach that involves
– Innovation in care delivery
– Effective use of technology
– Efficient use of all health professionals on the
care team
Association of American Medical Colleges, n.d.
20
21. Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Summary – Lecture a
• Some useful health care terminology was
explained
• Education, training, certification, and
licensure of physicians were described
• Primary care roles of physicians were
described
• We examined some of specialty,
subspecialty, and nonclinical roles of
physicians
21
22. Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
References – Lecture a
References
AAMC (Association of Medical Colleges). (n.d.). Physician supply and demand through 2025: Key
findings. Retrieved from
https://www.aamc.org/download/426260/data/physiciansupplyanddemandthrough2025keyfindings
.pdf
Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (n.d.). Accreditation. Retrieved from
http://www.acgme.org/What-We-Do/Accreditation
American Board of Medical Specialties. (n.d.). Board certification and maintenance of certification.
Retrieved from http://www.abms.org/board-certification
American Medical Association. (n.d.). Becoming a physician. Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician.page
American Medical Association. (n.d.). Obtaining a medical license. Retrieved from http://www.ama-
assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician/medical-licensure.page
Andrews, J. (2013). Clinical informatics critical to reform. Retrieved from
http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/clinical-informatics-underpins-reform
Anonymous. (2011). Life works: Explore health and medical science careers. NIH MedlinePlus, the
Magazine. Summer. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html
CAST. (2013). Nonclinical roles of physicians [video file]. Retrieved from http://youtu.be/w4_FkP2ihx0
22
23. Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
References – Lecture a Continued
Explore Health careers.org. (n.d.). Career explorer. Retrieved from
http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/home
HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration) Health Workforce. (n.d.). Health Workforce
Data. Retrieved from https://bhw.hrsa.gov/health-workforce-analysis/research
MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Health occupations. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/healthoccupations.html
MedlinePlus.(2011). Life works: Explore health and medical science careers. Retrieved from
https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/summer11/articles/summer11pg24-25.html
MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Medical dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
mplusdictionary.html
National Association of Advisors for the Health Professions. (n.d.). Health professions links. Retrieved
from http://www.naahp.org/PublicResources/HealthProfessionsLinks.aspx
U.S. News. (n.d.). Best health care jobs. Retrieved from http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-
jobs/rankings/best-healthcare-jobs
Charts, Tables, Figures
2.1 Figure: Hickman, Tim, MD. University of Missouri, Kansas City (2010). Retrieved from author, used
with permission.
Images
Slide 10: Steps of the USMLE. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo.
Slide 11: Primary Care Roles. CC-BY by Travis Nimmo. 23
24. The Culture of Health Care
Health Professionals—The People
in Health Care
Lecture a
This material was developed by Oregon Health &
Science University, funded by the Department of
Health and Human Services, Office of the National
Coordinator for Health Information Technology
under Award Number IU24OC000015. This
material was updated in 2016 by Bellevue College
under Award Number 90WT0002.
24
Editor's Notes
No audio. Recording preparation.
Welcome to The Culture of Health Care: Health Professionals—The People in Health Care. This is Lecture a.
The component, The Culture of Health Care, addresses job expectations in health care settings, the organization of patient care within a practice setting, privacy laws, and professional and ethical issues encountered in the workplace.
The objectives for Health Professionals—The People in Health Care are to:
Define terms used in health care and in health professionals’ education and training, including clinician, patient/consumer, disease, and syndrome.
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of physicians, including those in primary care and other specialties.
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of nurses, advanced practice nurses, licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, and medication aides.
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, and allied health professionals.
Describe the education, training, certification, licensure, and roles of paramedics, emergency medical technicians, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers.
This lecture introduces key terms used to describe health care professionals and their education, including education, training, certification, and licensure.
Many health professionals provide care to the sick and injured in various settings. They deliver pre-hospital care, such as at accident scenes; inpatient care in hospitals and extended or long-term care facilities; outpatient or ambulatory care, such as in physician offices and clinics; home care; and more. Health professionals also support patients or consumers with preventive care, wellness services, and self-managed care. The emphasis of this unit is on the roles of various health professionals, but remember that most health care is delivered using a team approach. A patient or consumer is anyone who seeks preventive care, wellness care, self-managed care, or medical services.
The term clinician separates those qualified to provide clinical care in medicine, psychiatry, or psychology from those specializing in laboratory research techniques or in theory.
Clinician typically means a physician, but clinician may also be used to describe other licensed medical professionals, such as physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses. Allied health professionals, such as radiology technicians, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, and medical assistants, also serve key roles in providing patient services.
A disease is an impairment of a specific structure or function of the body, which produces symptoms or physical findings. Symptoms are part of the story patients tell about their illness, including specific complaints such as the location of the pain, how often the pain occurs, and the duration of the pain. Physical findings are what the physician or other health professional determines by observation and physical examination. For example, a physician may observe swelling in the ankle and determine the area of most tenderness using maneuvers that increase or lessen the pain. Diseases usually have a specific cause. For example, bacterial pneumonia is caused by a specific type of bacteria. A syndrome is a combination of symptoms and physical findings not easily attributable to a specific cause. An example of a syndrome is carpal tunnel syndrome, which causes pain, burning, and numbness in the hand.
Each lecture in Unit 2 describes the sequence that various health professionals go through to become educated, trained, and eligible to practice. Professional health education is a formal program that usually presents lectures and other learning activities, including simulation and patient contact. Depending on the health profession, it may be on-the-job training, a certificate, or an associate, bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree. Health professions training is typically supervised clinical practice with an increasing level of responsibility over time.
Certification has several meanings. One definition is a short education or training program, usually lasting one year or less, such as a medical assistant certificate program. Certification by a national health profession organization usually requires completion of an accredited program and an exam. A radiologic [rey-dee-uh-loj-ihk] technologist, for example, is a certified health professional. Physicians may elect to obtain board certification in a medical specialty or subspecialty by completing an approved residency or fellowship and a board exam. In addition to certification, state licensure is required for many health professionals, including physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and pharmacists. State licensure is regulated by the state and may employ a variety of mechanisms for regulating clinical practice, one of which is certification.
Education for a physician typically includes four years of college and four years of medical school. The medical school can be either allopathic [al-uh-path-ik] (medical doctor) or osteopathic [os-tee-uh-path-ik] (doctor of osteopathy [os-tee-op-ath-ee]). After medical school, physicians typically pursue three to five years of training in a specialty. Fellowship training provides an additional one to three years of study to gain expertise in a subspecialty.
Physician specialty certification requires successful completion of an approved residency or fellowship program, a valid license to practice medicine, and completion of a written and/or practical exam that varies by specialty and subspecialty.
Maintenance of certification is required in many specialties. It often includes specific continuing medical education requirements, quality improvement activities, patient surveys, and periodic specialty exams.
In addition to certification, physicians are required to maintain an active state license in order to practice medicine. Some states allow reciprocity [res-uh-pros-ih-tee], which honors a valid license between states; however, there are usually minimal additional requirements to apply for a license in another state.
Licensure is regulated by each state and requires successful completion of the United States Medical Licensing Examination or USMLE [U-S-M-L-E] (although exam requirements may vary from state to state).
The USMLE is a nationally administered exam with three steps. Step one tests the application of basic science to clinical practice and typically is required at the end of the first two years of medical school. Step two is divided into two parts—a written test of clinical knowledge and a test of clinical skills using actors portraying patients. This test is usually required for graduation from medical school. Step three tests more applied clinical knowledge and is usually taken after the first year of residency.
Primary care includes specialties that provide routine care to a patient on a continuous basis; it includes acute care, health maintenance, wellness, preventative care, and management of chronic disease not requiring a specialist. The primary care physician also serves as the gatekeeper and coordinator of additional care when needed by a subspecialist. Primary care specialties are
Family medicine, which provides care for the entire family, including infants, children, and adults. Some family medicine physicians also provide obstetrical care.
Internal medicine, which provides care to adolescents and adults.
Pediatrics, which provides care to infants, children and adolescents.
Obstetrics [uhb-stet-triks] and gynecology [gahy-ni-kol-uh-jee], or OB/GYN [O-B-G-Y-N], which provides services to women, including during pregnancy and childbirth. OB/GYN specializes in the female reproductive system, but because many women obtain primary care services from their obstetrician [ob-sti-trish-uhn] or gynecologist [gahy-ni-kol-uh-jist], it’s often considered a primary care specialty.
If a patient does not have a primary care physician, he or she may seek primary care in a hospital’s emergency facility, in a free-standing urgent care center, or from a specialist that the patient sees on a frequent basis. The decreasing number of primary care physicians in the workforce has exacerbated this practice.
Subspecialties focus on a specific organ system, population, or disease, and they are very similar for both internal medicine and pediatrics. A sampling of the many subspecialties found in today’s health care field is shown below:
Cardiology focuses on cardiovascular disease, or diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Endocrinology [en-doh-kruh-nol-uh-jee] focuses on organs that secrete hormones, which often control biological functions and other organs. Endocrinologists [en-doh-kruh-nol-uh-jists] treat diabetes and metabolism disorders, for example.
Gastroenterology [gas-troh-en-tuh-rol-uh-jee] treats diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
Geriatric [jer-ee-at-trik] medicine provides care for patients who are 65 years or older.
Hematology-oncology [hee-muh-tol-uh-jee – ong-kol-uh-jee] focuses on diseases of the blood, such as anemia, and on cancer.
Infectious disease specialists provide treatment for diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms.
Nephrology [nuh-frol-uh-jee] treats diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Pulmonary disease and critical care medicine is a broad subspecialty with a focus on diseases of the respiratory system as well as on the needs of patients in critical care units.
Rheumatology [roo-muh-tol-uh-jee] focuses on the diseases of the joints, muscles, and ligaments.
Genomic specialists provide a diagnostic service and genetic counseling for individuals or families with, or at risk for, conditions that have a genetic basis, such as Down syndrome and cystic fibrosis.
A general surgeon treats common surgical problems in a variety of anatomic [an-uh-tom-ick] locations. Many surgical subspecialists must first complete a residency in general surgery before pursuing a career as a specialty surgeon. This slide lists several examples of surgical subspecialties.
Cardiovascular surgery is performed on the heart and blood vessels.
Colon and rectal surgeons work with surgical problems in the lower intestinal tract.
Neurosurgery deals with surgical problems of the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system.
Orthopedic surgeons treat sports injuries and disease of the bones and joints.
Otolaryngology [oh-toh-lar-ing-gol-uh-jee] surgeons specialize in ear, nose, and throat disorders.
Pediatric surgery is surgery on infants, children, and adolescents.
Plastic surgery includes cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.
Urology [yoo-rol-uh-jee] surgeons specialize in the kidneys and urinary tract.
Radiology is the use of imaging techniques for diagnosis, for guiding procedures and biopsies, and for the use of radiation to treat diseases. A diagnostic radiologist is the most general radiologist who interprets regular x-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans and performs some diagnostic procedures. There are many radiology subspecialties.
Neuroradiologists focus on the brain and spinal cord.
Interventional radiologists perform procedures such as inserting catheters into blood vessel to use dyes to characterize the anatomy of blood vessels and the organs. They may use a variety of imaging modalities to guide the insertion of biopsy needles to collect tissues for diagnosis.
Pediatric radiologists interpret images of and perform invasive procedures on infants, children, and adolescents.
Radiation oncologists [ong-kol-uh-jists] use various types of radiation to treat diseases, especially cancer.
Nuclear radiologists use imaging techniques that measure uptake of radioactive-labeled substances typically injected into a vein.
A general pathologist [pa-thol-uh-jist] conducts autopsies and uses a microscope to examine slides of tissues to look for abnormalities. There are several specialty areas within laboratory services, including the overall management of a medical laboratory.
Blood banking/transfusion medicine is a branch of pathology that supervises the collection of blood donations and identifies the complex number of blood types for compatibility between the donor and the potential recipient of a transfusion.
A cytopathologist [sahy-toh-pa-thol-uh-jist] examines slides, often of surgical samples, to look at abnormalities in cells, for example, to rule out or confirm a cancer diagnosis.
A forensic [fuh-ren-sik] pathologist, or medical examiner, looks for causes of death in patients who die suddenly or violently.
Laboratory medicine is the science of operating a medical laboratory that includes chemistry, hematology, and microbiology.
Pediatric pathologists specialize in the pathology [pa-thol-uh-jee] of infants, children, and adolescents.
There are a growing number of nonclinical roles for physicians in today’s health care industry. Some are full-time positions, and others may be part time, allowing the physician to continue working in the clinical setting.
Many physicians are involved in administration of hospitals, medical schools, clinics, and private practices.
Teaching can be a full-time or part-time job; the clinician-teacher role is one that is being more widely recognized and rewarded.
Research either in the laboratory or in clinical settings is another frequent role of physicians.
Public health, including environmental health, epidemiology [ep-i-dee-mee-ol-uh-jee], and health promotion/disease prevention, is another option for physicians.
With the large number of medical journals and medical books, physicians also assume the role of author and editor.
The URL on this slide leads to an informative video on nonclinical roles for physicians.
Physicians have many opportunities in the clinical informatics field, which focuses on the effective use of clinical information systems in patient care delivery to drive improved patient care quality and safety. Qualified and experienced physicians are in high demand in this nonclinical area. Also, physicians may serve in an informatics position either part time while practicing medicine or full time. Certification is not required but typically is highly desired by the employer. Physicians may also serve in a variety of roles with consulting firms, software development firms, and governmental agencies. Examples of job titles for physician informatics positions include chief medical information officer (CMIO), vice president of informatics, chief health information officer, and vice president/medical director of analytics.
Qualified and experienced physicians are in high demand in this nonclinical area, which appears to be expanding as providers continue to implement clinical information systems.
In March 2015, IHS Incorporated, an economic modeling and forecasting firm, released a study, “The Complexities of Physician Supply and Demand: Projections from 2013 to 2025,” which was prepared for the Association of American Medical Colleges.
The findings showed that by 2025, the physician shortage is projected to range from 46,000 to 90,000 doctors. The study examined several scenarios likely to occur in the next decade—among them, increased use of advanced practice nurses, greater use of alternative settings such as retail clinics, and delayed physician retirement—and determined that the physician shortage will nonetheless persist.
Addressing the shortage of physicians will require a multi-pronged approach, including innovation in delivery, greater use of technology, and improved as well as efficient use of all health professionals on the care team. The study’s results confirm that it will require multiple solutions to overcome the physician shortage.
This concludes Lecture a of Health Professionals—The People in Health Care. In summary, this lecture provides descriptions of terminology used in health care and in the education of health professionals. It also briefly describes the education, training, certification, and licensure of physicians. This unit provides an overview of primary care physicians and common specialties and subspecialties and outlines some of the nonclinical roles physicians may assume either full or part time.