This document discusses health promotion and education. It defines health promotion as activities aimed at increasing well-being, preventing disease, and controlling disease. Health promotion approaches include creating healthy populations, lifestyles, and environments. It emphasizes empowering communities, participation, holistic health, collaboration, equity, and sustainability. Challenges in developing countries include poverty, education, political stability, commercial interests, double disease burden, and rapid population growth. Effective health education involves providing knowledge to change attitudes and practices through various communication methods.

1. Dr.Shahzad A.Daula
MID,M.Phil Public Health
Director
Sanabil Health Services Lahore
HEALTH EDUCATION
& PROMOTION

2. Healthpromotion
• It is the science aiming at reaching
optimal health
• All activities aiming at increasing well-
being, prevention of disease and health
hazards, or control of disease are
includedunder healthpromotion.

3. Definitionofhealth promotion
Is a process of activatingcommunities,
policy makers, professionals and the
public in favor of health supportive
policies,systemsandwaysofliving.

4. The basic principles for health
Promotion of health requires a secure foundation in
these basic prerequisites.
Sustainable
resources
Peace
Shelter
Education
Food
Income
A stable
ecosystem
Health
promotion:
 Social justice & equity

5. Advocate for health:
- Good health gives better quality of life so it
necessitates advocacy (fighting for it).
- The following factors can favor health or can harm it:
- Health promotion aims at making these conditions
favorable for health.
Political conditions
Economic conditions
Social conditions
Cultural conditions
Environmental factors or conditions
Behavioral factors or conditions
Biological factors or conditions
Health

6. Approachesforhealth promotion
Howcanwepromotehealth?
 Healthypopulation (infrastructure)
 Healthylifestyle
 Healthyenvironment

7. Healthypopulations- 1
Bytargetingalllifestagesandgroups.
Sincethehealthneedsof peoplevary
accordingtotheirstageinthelifecycleor
theirgender, the healthypopulation
approachencouragesinitiativesthatfocus
onthehealthneedsandcontributionsof
peopleateverylifestage.

8. Healthylifestyles -2
Thisapproachfocusesmoreonthe behavior
of individualsandhowtheir decisionsand
actionscanleadtohealthier outcomes.
Thiscanbedonethrough health
education,socialmobilizationand
advocacyprograms.
Nosmoking,betternutritionandexercise
areexamplesof healthylifestyles
approach.

9. Healthysettings-3
Creatingsocial,economicand
environmentalconditionsthatare
favorabletogoodhealth.Health conditions
indevelopingcountriesmustbe viewedin
awidersocioeconomiccontext because
millionsof peoplearetrappedin the
viciouscycleof poverty,despair, disparity,
illiteracyanddiseas e
e

10. Otherapproachforhealth
promotion
Prevention
.Immuniz
Environment
H.Services
Protection
Laws&policy
Health education
Appreciate health
Keen to keep healthy

11. Whopromote health?
Individual role Governmental role
Legislation
Environmental health
Health services
Other ministries
Policy & budget
H.Conciousness
Life style
Genetic
Beliefs
Occupation

12. WHO PROMOTES
?HEALTH
 Internationalorganization
 Healthauthorities
 Non-Governmental Organizations
 Primaryhealthcare team
 Private physician.
 Otherhealthprofessions:nurses,
professionsalliedto medicine.
 Religious organizations

14. Guiding Principles of Health
Promotion
 Empoweringindividualsandcommunities.
 Participatory(involvingall).
 Holistic(allfourdimensionsof health).
 Intersectoral(collaborationof allagencies)
 Equitable(equityandsocialjustice)
 Sustainable(changesare maintained)
 Multistrategy(varietyofapproaches)

15. Health promotion "23 years of
"continuous development
- Ottawa (Canada) 1986:
 first international health promotion
conference as an extended applicationfor the
Alma Ata declaration 1978 on primary health
care.
- Australia 1988:
 Concept of healthy public policy being a
human right. gender dimension was given
specific attention.
- Sweden 1991:
 Concept of supportive environments
conductive to health and the links with
sustainable development.

16. -Jakarta, Indonesia 1997:
Issues related to globalization (the potentials
and controversies around public- private
partnership) infra-structures and funding.
- Mexico city, Mexico 2000:
 High level political commitment to health
promotion.
Positioning health promotion higher on the
political agenda and recognizing it as a priority
in local, regional, national, and international
programs.
- Bangkok (Thailand) 2005:
Identified major challenges, actions &
commitments needed to address the
determinants of health in the world by reaching
out to people, groups & organizations that are
critical to the achievement of health.

17. Ottawa Charter put five
:action areas for promotion
1- Develop healthy public policy.
2- Create supportive environment
For health
3- Strengthen community action.
4- Develop personal skills i.e.
modifying their life style towards
healthy behaviors.
5- Reorient health services.

18. EvaluationofHealthpromotion
activitiesinacommunity:
By assessing:
1. Qualityof life indicators.
2. Healthknowledge,attitude,motivation
andskillsamongpopulationsectors.
3. Socialactionandinfluence(community
participation&publicopinion).
4. Legislation,regulationforpublichealth

19. 5 Resourceallocationforhealthinrelationto
national budget.
6 improvedhealthindicatorsasmorbidity&
mortality
7improvedproductivity,reducedabsenteeism.
8- decreaseinmedicalcare utilization
9- decreaseinhealthcarecost.
H. Promotion= h.educationxhealthypublicpolicy

20. Problems facing health promotion
in developing countries
 Povertyandconsequentlythepoorliving
conditions(e.g. poornutrition,poorhousing,
environmentaldegradation)associatedwithit are
majorobstacleforimprovinghealthof peoplein
developingcountries.Unless fundamental
changesaremadetothiswider contextitwillbe
difficulttomakemajoradvances inhealth
promotion.The challenge of reducing poverty
cannot be underestimated.

21. Decision makers must find answers for
these questions:
1 How to draw more resources from the
communityand individuals tomeet the
healthchallengesthey face?
2 Howto direct health expenditures? Either
forpreventionorforcontrol?

22.  Economic priorities
Mostdevelopingcountrieshavelimitedresourcesand
manycompetingdemandsfortheseresources.Theyare
seekingtoachieverapideconomicgainsand
developmentbyindustrializationandfoodproduction
thatgivesprioritytoforeignmarketsforearningforeign
exchange.
Insufficientattentionisgiventotheneedsof localcitizens
leadingtolowwagesandpoverty,poornutritionand
worseenvironmentalcondition,allof whichhave serious
healthconsequences.Internationaldonorstendto
encourageactivitiesthatpromoteeconomic
developmentandhavequickandvisibleoutcomes.
Thechallengeforhealthpromotionistoconvincepolicy-
makersthatgoodhealthisaneconomicassetrather
thanacostanditisanessentialcomponentof social
andeconomic empowerment

23.  Education
Lowlevelsof literacyspeciallyhealthliteracy
provideanotherchallengeforthehealth
promotionapproach.Thiscanbeanobvious
problemwhentryingtopromotebetterhealth
behavioramongpeople.Poorlevelsof
knowledgeisanimportantfactorthatcontribute
toalmostalldiseases. Effortsdonetoimprove
illiteracyactuallyshareinhealthpromotion

24. :Political stability
Wherethereispoliticalinstability,
internalconflictandwar,itis extremely
difficulttodevelophealth-promoting
environments.Notonlyaretheeconomic
resourcesandprioritiesof governments
directedelsewhere,butalsotheregulatory
environmenttocreatehealthsupportive
settingsislacking.

25. :Intersectoral co-operation
Decision-makersinallsectors(evenin
areasthatareindirectlyrelatedtohealth
asagriculture,commerce,education,
industryetc)mustfocusonthehealth
implicationsof theirpolicies,infact,their
competingprioritiesmayleadthemto
disregardthehealthimplicationsof their
decisions.

26. Commercial interests
Marketingdoesnotnecessarilyconsider health
ofcitizensofdevelopingcountries uppermost
intheirpriorities. This isoften
resultinpoorhealthoutcomes.Forexample
marketingtobacco,andwesternfood products.
Commercialpropagandaofunhealthyproductsand
lifestylesmakeitdifficultforhealthychoicestobethe
easiestortheattractivechoices.
Regulationoftheactivitiesofthesecommercialinterests is
requiredthroughpoliticalrulestointroducesufficient
levelsofregulationasthetaxesgainedfrom unhealthy
productsandusedasanimportantsourceof
governmentalfunds.Poorgovernmentscanfindit
difficulttoresistthissourceofrevenue.

27. The double burden of disease
Oneof theparticularchallengesthatface
developingcountriesisthattheepidemic
of noncommunicablediseaseis
developingbeforetheburdenof
communicable(infectiousdisease)has
beendealtwith.Thedifficultyfacedby
developingnationsistodealwiththese
dualsourcesof diseasewithoutadequate
economicresources.

28. The speed of change
Populationsinthedeveloping
worldareincreasingatamuch
fasterratethancountriesin the
developedworld.Itis much
easierforcountries to
adjusttogradualpopulationtransitionsthanto
theserapidchanges.Populationincreaseat
sucharatethatallpolicysystemshave notkept
pace.Thespeedof thetransitionandthe
economiccost makeitnearlyimpossibleford.
countriestoprovideallneedsofcitizens.

29. Healtheducation
Definition:
Isplannedopportunitiesforpeopletolearn
abouthealthandmakechangesintheir
behavior
Steps:toknow(knowledge)
tofeelimportancetohealth(attitude)
tochange (practice)

30. Eraofhealth education
 Improvementof qualityof life
 Restorestateof good health
 Makethebestof remaining health
i.e. inhealthpromotion,preventionof
hazards,controlof diseaseand
complicationsandinrehabilitation.
i.e. inphysical,mental,socialhealth
itislifelong process.

31. Healtheducation
 Sourceoreducator(doctor,nurse,T.V.,
book, film)
 Message(knowledge,information body)
 Channel(method):face-faceorbroadcast
 Receiver: thetargetof theprocess
 Noise(barriers):factorsdecreasing
response

32. Healtheducation
Healtheducationprogram:
 Whatisthe message?
 Whowillgiveit?Whoisour target?
 Howitwillbe given?
 Where?
When? Howfrequent?
Evaluationof program.

33. Communication
• Definition :it is a dynamic, continuous
and reciprocal sending, receiving and
comprehending messages, feelings &
ideas.
• Relation between communication&health
1. For history taking, counseling
2. For health education
3. Patient satisfaction & adherence to ttt

34. Steps of communication
• Initiation of simple introduction
• Listening carefully to your client
• Probing to assure your care, observation
of non-verbal expressions
• Giving information: clear, concise,
summarize, in simple language etc..

35. Methods of communication
• Verbal : spoken or written words
• Non-verbal: any other method except
words e.g.:
1. Body movement, posture, sitting, walking
2. Facial expressions
3. Touch ,shake hands
4. Personal appearance: cloths,hair
5. Voice interference.

36. Barriers to communication
• Environmental
• Pathological
• Language
• Personal : SE, values, belief, experience
• Psychological :stress, anger, tiredness