This document discusses the anatomy of insect heads and their appendages. It describes the various segments and structures that make up the insect head, such as the mouthparts, compound eyes, and antennae. The different types of insect heads are identified. The document also examines the modifications that insect mouthparts undergo for different feeding methods, such as piercing and sucking, cutting and sponging, or siphoning. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the internal and external structures of the insect head.

1. THE INSECT
HEAD
AND
ITS
APPENDAGES

2. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/library/tutorials/index.html
A good web site for insect anatomy

3. Head Capsule
Mouthparts
Neck

4. Head Segmentation

5. Insect Head
Compound Eyes
Ocelli
Frons
Gena
Clypeus
Labrum
1st
Maxilla
Labium (2nd
Maxilla)
Mandible
Occiput

6. Insect Heads
3 basic types
?
?
Hypognathous
Prognathous
Opisthorhynchous

7. Insect Heads
Evolution of Prognathy
1. Hypostomal Bridge
2. Postgenal Bridge
3. Gula

8. Insect Mouthparts
Labrum
Mandible
1st Maxilla
Labium (2nd maxilla)
Hypopharynx

9. Labrum
Insect Mouthparts
-”upper lip”
- contains chemosensory sensilla

10. Mandible
Insect Mouthparts
Incisor surface
Molar surface

11. Mandible
Insect Mouthparts
- in a grasshopper -a dicondylic joint
-emphasize
strength over
mobility

12. Cardo
Stipes
Lacinia
Galea
Palp
Insect Mouthparts
1st Maxilla

13. Labium
(2nd
Maxilla)
Mentum
Prementum
Paraglossa
Glossa
Palp
can be fused to form a
Ligula
Insect Mouthparts
Submentum

14. Cardo
Stipes
Lacinia
Galea
Palp
Mentum
Prementum
Paraglossa
Glossa
Palp
Submentum
Comparison of 1st and 2nd Maxillae

15. Hypopharynx
Cibarium
Salivarium
Hypopharynx
Labium

17. Modifications of Mouthparts
Mandibles
Maxillae
Front
Back
-Piercing and Sucking
Channel for saliva
Channel for food

18. Modifications of Mouthparts
Cutting and Sponging
Hypopharynx
Labellum
Maxillae
Mandibles
Labrum
e. g. deerflies

19. Modifications of Mouthparts
Sponging
e.g. housefly

20. Modifications of Mouthparts
Siphoning
e.g. butterfly

21. Modifications of Mouthparts
Stabbing
e.g. Mosquito

22. Head Capsule
Mouthparts
Neck

23. Tentorium
- internal support for the head capsule
Cut away view of the head capsule
Anterior arms
Posterior arms
Dorsal arms

24. Tentorium
- internal support for the head capsule

25. Antennal
suture
Antennifer
Pedicel
Scape
Flagellum
Antennal
socket
Antennal
sclerite
Insect Antenna

26. Insect Antennae
Aristate
Capitate
Clavate
Filiform
Geniculate
Monoliform
Pectinate
Plumose
Serrate

27. Insect Antennae
Aristate
Capitate
Clavate
Filiform
Geniculate
Monoliform
Pectinate
Plumose
Serrate