Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. He accepted Islam at a young age and was very close to the Prophet. Ali participated in many battles fighting bravely in defense of Islam. After the death of the third caliph Uthman, Ali was elected as the fourth caliph. As caliph, Ali introduced important reforms to the financial system and administration and emphasized impartiality and equality. However, his caliphate also faced opposition and civil war.