Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad. He was the first male to convert to Islam and devoted his life to serving the Prophet. He participated in many battles, earning a reputation for bravery. The Prophet entrusted Ali with important responsibilities and considered him part of his household. After the Prophet's death, Ali became the fourth caliph but faced several rebellions during his caliphate from 656 to 661 AD.

1. HAZRAT ALI IBNE ABI TALIB (A.S)
Introduction:
NAME:
His name is Ali and is known as Abul Hassan and Abu Turab and his titles
are Murtaza, Asadullah and Hader-e-Karrar.
HIS FATHER:
His father was Abu Taalib and Grandfather Abdul Mutallib.
Abu Taalib is the uncle of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
HIS MOTHER:
His mother's name was Fatima bint Asad.
HIS BIRTH:
In the Holy Ka'bah in Mecca on Friday, 13th Rajab, 23 years before Hijrat.
HIS DEATH:
Died at the age of 63, in Kufah (Iraq) on Monday, 21st Ramadan 40 AH.

2. WIVES:
His first wife was Bibi Hazrat Fatima-tu-Zahra (s.a), the daughter
of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
His second wife was Bibi Imaama, who was the granddaughter
of the Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and the daughter of Sayyidah
Zainab Raziyallahu Ta'ala Anhu. He (R.A) had seven other wives except them.
NUMBER OF CHILDRENS:
 Son: 18
 Daughter: 15
Total: 33
History and Life of Hazrat Ali (A.S):
Embraced Islam:
He was the first child who embraced Islam when He was only ten years old and
accepted the prophet hood of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH).

3. Love with Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH):
He started living with Muhammad PBUH since childhood. He devoted his life
for Islam by accompanying Hazrat Muhammad PBUH throughout the
establishment of Islam in Arab and other regions of the world.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was very close to Rasulallah, and the closeness became a
permanent relationship when he married his most beloved daughter, Hazrat
Fatima (R.A.) to Hazrat Ali (R.A).
“The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) brought me up in his own arms and fed me
from his own plate. I followed him wherever he went like a baby camel
following its mother…”
IMAM ALI (A.S).
His relationship with the Holy Prophet (PBUH):
 On opening his eyes after his birth, the first person who saw was the
holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) gave him his name.
 As an infant he had the honor of sucking the tongue of the holy Prophet
(Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 He was the first cousin of the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).

4.  He became a ward of the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), and
was brought up as a family member of the household of the holy
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 He received his training under the loving care and guidance of the holy
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) declared his mission,
he was the first male to be converted to Islam.
 Hazrat Khadijah and Hazrat Ali (R.A) were the first two persons to pray
behind the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) invited the
Hashemite’s to a dinner, and asked them to aid him in his mission,
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the only person to respond to the call of the holy
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 He risked his life for the sake of the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) and slept on his bed when the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) left for Medina and the Quraish youth besieged the house
with a view to killing the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
 When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) left for Medina, he
entrusted to Hazrat Ali (R.A) the task of returning the belongings of the
people. They had placed their belongings in the custody of the holy
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) for safekeeping.

5.  When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) joined the Muhajirs
and the Ansars in fraternity in Medina, he allied himself in fraternity with
Hazrat Ali (R.A).
 The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) married his beloved
daughter Fatima Zahra to Hazrat Ali (R.A).
 He was commissioned by the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)
to write the agreement which came to be known as the Hudaybia Pact.
 After the conquest of Mecca, he had the unique distinction of standing
on the shoulders of the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) and
destroying the idols in the Ka'bah.
 He was entrusted by the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) with
the special mission of announcing the Quraish Surah "Al Bara ‘at"
(Immunity) to the people on the occasion of the pilgrimage.
 He was the only person to whom the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) referred to as the "Maula" [Master] of the Ummah.
 When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) proposed
"Mubahala" [a special kind of debate] with the Christians and the
Najran, he chose Hazrat Ali (R.A) as his "second man."
 The progeny of the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) descends
through Hazrat Ali (R.A) to which every believer must hold fast to.

6.  He was the only person to whom the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam) imparted "inward knowledge."
 The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) conferred many
appellations on Hazrat Ali (R.A) such as Haider-e-Karrar, Abu Turab,
Asad-ullah, Syedul Arab, etc.
 The holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) declared his relationship to
Hazrat Ali (R.A) as that of Moses and Aaron.
 When the holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) died, Hazrat Ali (R.A)
washed him and prepared his dead body for burial.
Migrating to Madinah:
The night when Rasulallah was migrating to Madinah, his house was
surrounded by tribesmen who had plotted to assassinate him. They were ready
to kill any person who left the house. In such a situation, Rasulallah asked
Hazrat Ali (R.A) to sleep in his bed, and he followed the command gladly and
immediately jumped in the bed.
Although the Makkans did not accept his mission, they still considered
Rasulallah the most trustworthy man of Makkah and continued keeping their
trusts (cash and gold etc.) with him.

7. It was Hazrat Ali (R.A) to whom Rasulallah gave the duty to return the trusts to
the owners when he was leaving Makah for Madinah. Hazrat Ali (R.A) migrated
to Madinah after fulfilling his duty of returning people's goods.
Bravery:
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was a very brave man. He participated in almost all the battles
against the non-believers during the time of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi
Wasallam). The stories of his bravery are famous in history.
In the first battle of Islam at Badr, he was holding the flag of Islamic army.
When three famous warriors of Quraish challenged the Muslims, according to
Arab tradition, Hazrat Ali (R.A) along with Hazrat Hamza and Abu Ubaidah (R.A)
accepted the challenge. He killed his opponent, Waleed only with one thrust of
his sword and cut him in two pieces. Then he helped Hazrat Abu Ubaidah (R.A)
to kill the next Qurashi warrior.
In the battle of Uhud when Hazrat Mus'ab bin ‘Umair, the bearer of the Islamic
standard, was martyred, it was Hazrat Ali (R.A) who held it up. Seeing this one

8. of the non-believers, Abu Saad challenged him. Hazrat Ali (R.A) attacked him
and he fell down on the ground naked. Ali (R.A) felt pity on him and left him in
that condition.
In the battle of the Trench, all-Arabia fame warrior, 'Abdwood challenged the
Muslims after jumping on his horse across the trench. Nobody dared to accept
his challenge except Ali.
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) warned Ali about 'Abdwood but
Ali (R.A) insisted on going and fighting with him. Then the Holy Prophet
(Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) gave him his famous sword "Zulfiqar" and put a
turban on his head before he went to fight with 'Abdwood. A few minutes later
people Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ‘Abdwood’s head was cut off from his body
by Ali (R.A).
The Title of Asadullah:
Because of his bravely Hazrat Ali (R.A) was popularly called "Asadullah"(The
Lion of Allah).
In the battle of Khaibar against Jews, the Muslims tried to conquer the
strongest Jewish fort, Qumus, but were not successful in the beginning. Then
the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said, "I will give the command
and the standard tomorrow to such a brave person who loves Allah and His
Prophet and whom Allah and His Prophet love.

9. Everybody was desiring to be that fortunate man. The people were rather
surprised when the next morning the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam)
called Ali who was sick and his eyes were sore.
The Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) applied his finger, wet with his
saliva, over the eyes of Ali (R.A) and they were cured immediately. Then he
gave the standard, and advised him. "First of all call them towards Islam. Even
if one man is guided towards Islam because of you, it would be better than red
camels."
Following the advice of the Holy Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) Hazrat Ali
(R.A) invited the Jews towards Islam. Instead of accepting the Right Path they
sent their commander Marhab, the great warrior of Arabia and one of the
bravest men of his time. He challenged Hazrat Ali (R.A) to fight. Ali (R.A)
accepted the challenge and slew him in one attack. His famous sword cut
Marhab's body into two pieces.
He showed great bravery in each and every battle he fought and earned fame.
He was counted as one of the great warriors of Arabia.
Ali (R.A) the great scholar of Islam:
Ali (R.A) was not only a great warrior but a great scholar as well. The Holy
Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) said about him, I am the city of knowledge
and Ali (R.A) is its gate.

10. " He was one of the great jurists among the Companions. The Holy Prophet
appointed him as the Qazi (Judge) of Yemen during his life time. He was a
master of Arabic and his writings were as effective as his speech. More about
his scholarly services to Islam would be mentioned at the end.
Ashra Mubashara:
Hazrat Ali (R.A) is one of the ten companions who were informed by the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) about the award of Paradise for them during their lifetime.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) as the fourth Khalifah: (656-661 AD)
The period of Hazrat Ali (R.A) Khilafat extending to four years and about nine
months, was marked by civil war. His rule was characterized by a series of
revolts for the first time in the history of Islam. He was elected as the Khalifah
in the most critical period of Islamic history.
The martyrdom of Hazrat Usman (R.A) was an extraordinary event about
which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) had already prophesied. Hazrat Ali (R.A) was in
a very difficult situation. Hazrat Ali (R.A) faced many problems and difficulties
with extraordinary courage and presented before us an exemplary character.

11. Death:
Hazrat Ali (A.S) was martyred with a poisoned sword On 19th Ramazan 40th
Hijri Hazrat Ali (A.S went a few moments before the time of FAJAR prayers to
the mosque of Kufa. Hazrat Ali (A.S started the prayers and when he went into
the prostration (SAJDA) Ibn-e-Muljim wounded him with his poisoned sword
on his head.
Hazrat Ali (A.S) was martyred in 2 ways, one with the sword and the other with
poison. Hazrat Ali (A.S) was wounded on the morning of 19th Ramzan and died
on 21st Ramzan.
He was 63 years old at the time of his death, which is the same age at which
the Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself passed away. Hazrat Ali (A.S) ruled for four
years and nine months as the Khalifah.