Happy seeder
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The new technology that is usage of Happy Seeder in states like Punjab and Haryana instead of burning the crop stubbles for reducing the air pollution
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micro irrigation system kvg
Micro-irrigation refers to low-pressure irrigation systems that spray, mist, sprinkle or drip water onto the soil surface near the plant roots. The document discusses the need for micro-irrigation systems to reduce soil salinity and evaporation while providing sufficient water for plant growth. It describes the advantages of micro-irrigation like water savings, weed and disease reduction, and yield improvement. The document also outlines some disadvantages and different types of micro-irrigation systems including drip, sprinkler and fogging systems. It provides details on drip irrigation components and crops that can be grown with drip irrigation.
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Ananda Murthy H. C
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SOWING AND PLANTING EQUIPMENT
Sowing involves placing seeds in soil at a proper depth and spacing. Common sowing methods include broadcasting, dibbling, drilling, and transplanting. Seed drills are machines that open furrows, place seeds at a controlled depth and rate, and cover them. Planters are used for larger seeds and perform similar functions. Components include a hopper, metering device, furrow opener, and covering mechanism. Planters can be calibrated to achieve the desired seeding rate. Factors like plate speed, cell size, and seed uniformity impact accuracy. Specialized planters exist for crops like potatoes and sugarcane. Proper equipment selection and operation help ensure efficient sowing and establishment of crops.
Farm power and machinery
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
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- Farming systems integrate crop and livestock production to provide small farmers with year-round income, balanced nutrition, and sustainability.
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status of farm mechanisation
India has seen significant increases in food grain production but agriculture's contribution to GDP is declining. Farm mechanization has helped improve productivity but challenges remain due to small land holdings and lack of access to machinery. While tractor use is growing, much agricultural work remains done manually, particularly for crops besides rice and wheat. Expanding mechanization could further increase yields and incomes while reducing labor shortages and drudgery, but access and economic barriers remain for many small farmers.
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Ananda Murthy H. C
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SOWING AND PLANTING EQUIPMENT
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Farm power and machinery
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
Final credit seminar sandeep
- Farming systems integrate crop and livestock production to provide small farmers with year-round income, balanced nutrition, and sustainability.
- By combining crops, dairy, poultry, fisheries and more, farming systems can meet food and nutritional security needs while improving incomes and recycling resources efficiently.
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1. The document describes the process of constructing a pipe frame greenhouse with dimensions of 4m x 20m.
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3. Construction involves laying the foundation pipes, assembling the polygrip structure, adding hoops and ridge lines, and stretching the polyethylene film over the frame.
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1. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for 58% of India's population and contributed 17.4% to the country's GDP in 2016-17.
2. Major crops produced in India include rice, wheat, pulses and oilseeds. Total food grain production was 134.67 million tons in 2016-17.
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Liquid organic manures
Liquid organic manures are produced from fermented organic matter like crop residues, animal waste, and plant materials. They provide nutrients to plants and can act as pest control. While organic manures slowly release nutrients, a combination with other organic amendments like green manures and composts can better meet crop nutrient needs. Several types of liquid organic manures are described, including jeevamrutha, panchagavya, beejamrutha, biogas spent slurry, and their production methods and benefits are outlined.
farm mechanization
1) Farm mechanization in India faces problems due to small land holdings, lack of knowledge and financial constraints among small farmers. Government initiatives to promote mechanization include training programs and subsidies.
2) The average farm power availability in India is 1.5 kW/ha but varies widely between states. States with higher availability such as Punjab have much higher agricultural productivity. In Assam, availability is only 0.8 kW/ha, below the national average.
3) Strategies to increase farm mechanization in India include developing equipment suitable for different terrains, establishing farm machinery banks, increasing average power availability, and strengthening collaboration between farmers and researchers.
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1. A mould board plough is a common agricultural implement used for primary tillage operations like cutting, lifting, turning, and pulverizing the soil.
2. The key components of a mould board plough are the share, mould board, landside, and frog. The share cuts the soil, the mould board lifts and turns the soil, and the landside and frog provide stability and structure.
3. Mould boards come in different types for varying soil conditions, like general purpose, stubble, sod, and high speed mould boards. The shape and curvature of the mould board determines the level of pulverization and inversion of the soil.
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3. Common unit operations in post-harvest management of food grains, fruits and vegetables are described including harvesting, drying, storage and transportation methods.
Zero tillage
Zero tillage, also known as no-tillage, involves direct seeding of crops into untilled soil with minimal soil disturbance. It provides benefits such as conserving soil moisture, reducing erosion, and allowing timely sowing of crops. However, it also poses some challenges like increased soil compaction and potentially lower yields for some crops compared to conventional tillage. Overall, zero tillage is seen as an important conservation agriculture practice for improving the sustainability of cropping systems.
Integrated farming system
This document discusses integrated farming systems (IFS), which combine various agricultural enterprises like cropping, animal husbandry, fisheries, and forestry together. IFS aim to maximize production and income while efficiently utilizing resources through recycling waste from one component as inputs for others. Some benefits of IFS include increased profits and sustainability through waste recycling, stable income from multiple enterprises, and better utilization of labor and resources. Common IFS components include crop cultivation combined with livestock, poultry, aquaculture, horticulture, apiculture, or agroforestry systems.
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This document provides an overview of integrated farming systems. It discusses that integrated farming systems aim to sustainably produce high quality food, feed, fiber and renewable energy using soil, water, air and natural resources with minimal pollution. It notes that integrating crops, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and other enterprises can supplement farmer income and employment while better recycling farm wastes. The document outlines objectives and advantages of integrated farming systems, including improved land productivity and income stability. It also lists potential system components and provides details on dairy farming and common cattle breeds in India.
Modern Irrigation and Fertigation Technology
The document discusses modern irrigation and fertigation technologies used in vegetable cultivation. It describes different irrigation methods like flood, sprinkler and drip irrigation and their advantages. Drip irrigation is highlighted as the most efficient method as it applies water and fertilizers directly to plant roots with minimal losses. Key principles of drip irrigation include partial wetting of soil and ensuring every plant receives water. Fertigation techniques are explained which combine fertilizer application with irrigation for optimum nutrient delivery to plants. Maintaining proper fertilizer mixtures, water quality, soil testing and crop demands are emphasized for effective fertigation.
Methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated manures
This document discusses various methods for preparing bulky and concentrated manures, including composting techniques. It describes the aerobic and anaerobic composting methods used in Bangalore and Coimbatore, as well as enriched farm yard manure and vermicomposting. The key composting methods discussed are the trench method, Bangalore method, Indore method, Coimbatore method, and vermicomposting.
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Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
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1. The document describes the process of constructing a pipe frame greenhouse with dimensions of 4m x 20m.
2. Key materials needed include galvanized steel pipes, polygrip channels, concrete, and UV-stabilized polyethylene film.
3. Construction involves laying the foundation pipes, assembling the polygrip structure, adding hoops and ridge lines, and stretching the polyethylene film over the frame.
sources of farm power.ppt
1. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for 58% of India's population and contributed 17.4% to the country's GDP in 2016-17.
2. Major crops produced in India include rice, wheat, pulses and oilseeds. Total food grain production was 134.67 million tons in 2016-17.
3. Farm power availability in India is currently 2.025 kW/ha, below levels of more mechanized countries. Increasing mechanization is key to boosting productivity and incomes for farmers.
Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their uses
Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). cultivator. agricultural technology: Fallow system and tillage techniques. cereal farming: Seedbed preparation.
Fertigation system
The document discusses fertigation, which is the process of applying fertilizers through irrigation systems. It covers the need for fertigation to address issues like soil fertility depletion. Key topics include characteristics of fertilizers suitable for fertigation like solubility, compatibility between fertilizers, and common fertigation equipment like fertilizer tanks, venturi injectors, and injection pumps. The document provides guidance on calculating fertilizer requirements and examples for determining the needed quantities based on recommended doses.
Liquid organic manures
Liquid organic manures are produced from fermented organic matter like crop residues, animal waste, and plant materials. They provide nutrients to plants and can act as pest control. While organic manures slowly release nutrients, a combination with other organic amendments like green manures and composts can better meet crop nutrient needs. Several types of liquid organic manures are described, including jeevamrutha, panchagavya, beejamrutha, biogas spent slurry, and their production methods and benefits are outlined.
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1) Farm mechanization in India faces problems due to small land holdings, lack of knowledge and financial constraints among small farmers. Government initiatives to promote mechanization include training programs and subsidies.
2) The average farm power availability in India is 1.5 kW/ha but varies widely between states. States with higher availability such as Punjab have much higher agricultural productivity. In Assam, availability is only 0.8 kW/ha, below the national average.
3) Strategies to increase farm mechanization in India include developing equipment suitable for different terrains, establishing farm machinery banks, increasing average power availability, and strengthening collaboration between farmers and researchers.
Mould board plough
1. A mould board plough is a common agricultural implement used for primary tillage operations like cutting, lifting, turning, and pulverizing the soil.
2. The key components of a mould board plough are the share, mould board, landside, and frog. The share cuts the soil, the mould board lifts and turns the soil, and the landside and frog provide stability and structure.
3. Mould boards come in different types for varying soil conditions, like general purpose, stubble, sod, and high speed mould boards. The shape and curvature of the mould board determines the level of pulverization and inversion of the soil.
Kvk (krishi vigyan kendra) 2
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is a district level farm science centre that helps transfer technology from research institutes to farmers' fields. The first KVK was established in 1974 in Puducherry. There are currently 634 KVKs across India managed by ICAR.
- KVKs aim to empower farmers through learning, applying technologies, and improving livelihoods. Their mandates include on-farm testing, demonstrations, training programs, and vocational training.
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Dr. V. N. Mishra is the course teacher and Anjali Patel is the speaker. The presentation discusses site specific nutrient management (SSNM), which aims to optimize nutrient supply according to differences in soil-plant systems for a particular crop in a given season. SSNM involves assessing indigenous nutrient supply from soil and crop residues, determining crop demand based on yield goals, and applying fertilizers based on those factors. Precision tools like GPS, GIS, remote sensing, and variable-rate technology help implement SSNM.
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1. The document discusses post-harvest management and value addition strategies with a focus on ASEAN countries. It summarizes production and post-harvest scenarios in India and key crops in ASEAN countries like rice, fruits and vegetables.
2. Reasons for post-harvest losses during handling and processing of agricultural produce are outlined. Higher value addition through improved post-harvest management can help reduce losses.
3. Common unit operations in post-harvest management of food grains, fruits and vegetables are described including harvesting, drying, storage and transportation methods.
Zero tillage
Zero tillage, also known as no-tillage, involves direct seeding of crops into untilled soil with minimal soil disturbance. It provides benefits such as conserving soil moisture, reducing erosion, and allowing timely sowing of crops. However, it also poses some challenges like increased soil compaction and potentially lower yields for some crops compared to conventional tillage. Overall, zero tillage is seen as an important conservation agriculture practice for improving the sustainability of cropping systems.
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This document discusses integrated farming systems (IFS), which combine various agricultural enterprises like cropping, animal husbandry, fisheries, and forestry together. IFS aim to maximize production and income while efficiently utilizing resources through recycling waste from one component as inputs for others. Some benefits of IFS include increased profits and sustainability through waste recycling, stable income from multiple enterprises, and better utilization of labor and resources. Common IFS components include crop cultivation combined with livestock, poultry, aquaculture, horticulture, apiculture, or agroforestry systems.
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This document provides an overview of integrated farming systems. It discusses that integrated farming systems aim to sustainably produce high quality food, feed, fiber and renewable energy using soil, water, air and natural resources with minimal pollution. It notes that integrating crops, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and other enterprises can supplement farmer income and employment while better recycling farm wastes. The document outlines objectives and advantages of integrated farming systems, including improved land productivity and income stability. It also lists potential system components and provides details on dairy farming and common cattle breeds in India.
Modern Irrigation and Fertigation Technology
The document discusses modern irrigation and fertigation technologies used in vegetable cultivation. It describes different irrigation methods like flood, sprinkler and drip irrigation and their advantages. Drip irrigation is highlighted as the most efficient method as it applies water and fertilizers directly to plant roots with minimal losses. Key principles of drip irrigation include partial wetting of soil and ensuring every plant receives water. Fertigation techniques are explained which combine fertilizer application with irrigation for optimum nutrient delivery to plants. Maintaining proper fertilizer mixtures, water quality, soil testing and crop demands are emphasized for effective fertigation.
Methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated manures
This document discusses various methods for preparing bulky and concentrated manures, including composting techniques. It describes the aerobic and anaerobic composting methods used in Bangalore and Coimbatore, as well as enriched farm yard manure and vermicomposting. The key composting methods discussed are the trench method, Bangalore method, Indore method, Coimbatore method, and vermicomposting.
Multi tier cropping system
This document discusses multi-tier cropping systems for vegetable production in India. It provides examples of vegetable-based multi-tier systems including elephant foot yam grown with bitter gourd, ridge gourd, or bottle gourd. Data shows these intercropping systems can increase total yields and incomes compared to sole cropping. Multi-tier systems make better use of space, resources, and provide continuous income from multiple crops. While labor intensive, multi-tier cropping improves soil health and supports more sustainable agricultural production.
tillage
Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
Finger Millet
This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.
Credit seminar oa (organic farming & its impact on food grain security i...
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This document summarizes the impacts of organic farming on food grain security in India. It begins with definitions of organic farming and discusses its history and principles. Case studies show higher yields, soil quality, and nutrient levels from organic practices compared to conventional methods. Organic production has increased in India, though challenges remain around transition times, certification costs, and market development. Overall, the document finds that organic farming can help improve long-term productivity, food security, environmental sustainability, and social impacts in India.Status of Farm Mechanization in India
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Primary & Secondary tillage Implements and their uses
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Natural resource management approaches can help achieve sustainable development goals. These include watershed development projects that implement soil and water conservation techniques, improve water availability, and increase agricultural productivity. Watershed projects in India increased crop yields by 20-66%, benefited over 4.75 million farmers, and generated $353 million in net benefits. Other approaches include crop diversification, vegetable cultivation, fruit tree planting, and biofortification to address malnutrition. Integrating natural resource management, new technologies, and partnerships can significantly contribute to achieving development targets like ending poverty and hunger.Crop Diversification : A Paradigm for Sustainable Agriculture
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2) Employment was also much greater in the integrated system, with 512 man-days of work compared to 197 for crops, over 2.6 times higher.
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3) Focusing research on developing new technologies like biotechnology, ICT, renewable energy technologies, and nanotechnology to enhance productivity sustainably.
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shashank
This document discusses the development of agriculture in India since independence. It notes that agricultural production has grown at 2.6% annually since independence, compared to 1% annually in the previous 50 years. This growth has shifted from being primarily due to expansion of agricultural land to increases in productivity. The government of India has taken several steps to support agriculture, including land reforms, ensuring remunerative prices, investment in research and extension services, and improving rural infrastructure. The document also provides an overview of the types of farming practiced in India.
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The document discusses the importance of the sugar industry in India and outlines opportunities for research and development. It notes that the sugar industry provides livelihoods for millions of people but faces challenges of fluctuating production and stagnating yields. It highlights priority areas for R&D such as varietal development, irrigation techniques, mechanization, and integrated pest management. Additionally, it outlines opportunities to increase ethanol production through technologies like gasification and genetic engineering. The document emphasizes the need for increased investment in R&D to make the industry globally competitive and ensure its long-term stability and growth.
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This document discusses several strategies to increase farmer incomes in India through agricultural productivity gains and diversification. It notes that the horticulture sector produces a high value from a small area of land compared to major crops like rice and wheat. There is potential to boost production of high-value crops like fruits, vegetables, milk, fish and edible oils to meet growing demand. Bridging yield gaps through adoption of improved practices from high-yielding states can increase production of crops like lentils, wheat and rice. Diversifying away from staple crops and toward high-value horticulture and animal products in suitable regions can significantly raise farmer incomes. Strengthening research, extension and post-harvest management is needed to realize the productivity
Progen
This document discusses techniques to enhance agricultural productivity in India. It begins by outlining some distressing facts about Indian agriculture, such as declining food grain availability and increasing indebtedness of farmer households. It then proposes several solutions in key areas needing intervention:
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2) Improving irrigation through techniques like open hydroponics, trace irrigation, and improving water storage.
3) Using alternative pest control methods like sterile insect technique to reduce pesticide use.
4) Improving storage to address significant post-harvest losses through private storage models.
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Happy seeder
- 1. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES , RAICHUR . COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE , RAICHUR . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATION PRESENTATION HAPPY SEEDER TECHNOLOGY Presented by c. vaishnavi M.Sc.(Ag.) PG20AGR12028
- 2. Rice-Wheat Cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains of India cover around 10.5 million hectares. An estimated 23 million metric tons of rice stubble burned in October and November to prepare fields for subsequent wheat crop. Burning of crop residue a major cause of air pollution, in addition to soil degradation. Due to such burning enormous quantity of particulate matter (especially PM 2.5) and other noxious gases are released in the atmosphere. Zero tillage (ZT) direct seeding offers a solution, but affected by large amount of loose residues in field.
- 4. In order to curb this menace the central government has sanctioned Rupees 6950 million rupees to the Punjab for the awareness drive and subsidized purchase of in-situ residue management machinery. Among various in-situ residue management technologies, Happy Seeder technology had a major breakthrough due to its exponential expansion in the past two years. This machine was developed in the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana in collaboration with CSIRO Land and Water Australia under the financial assistance from ACIAR
- 5. Happy Seeder - a specialized no-till seeder, combines Zero Tillage seeder with a straw management unit. Shreds residues and deposits around the seeded row as mulch. Reduces evaporation losses, buffers soil moisture and temperature, and facilitates a more efficient uptake of water and nutrients by plant roots. Reduces labour requirements for crop establishment by as much as 80%, irrigation needs by 20-25%, and herbicide use by as much as 50%.
- 6. Rejuvenation of soil micro-flora and fauna Reduction of weeds especially the obnoxious Phalaris minor to an extent of 65 percent Better crop health as compared to conventionally sown ones Reduces the GHG emission and Particulate Matter emissions to a greater extent in the area.
- 8. OASISOF CONSERVATIONAGRICULTURE IN PUNJAB, INDIA: A CASE STUDYOF HAPPY SEEDERTECHNOLOGY • Present study was conducted in cluster of four villages viz Jatana, Katani, Mehdoodan and Begowal in Ludhiana district of Punjab where the technology was rapidly adopted. • The aim of this study was to explore factors affecting adoption, impact and prospects of the technology in rice wheat cropping system.
- 9. MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS FOR ADOPTION
- 10. Mr. Harjeet Singh, a progressive farmer and opinion leader of the area, has also played key role in ensuring rapid adoption of the technology. He not only motivated fellow farmers to gain technical assistance from the KVK but also assisted them in purchasing 26 Happy Seeders
- 13. STUDY FINDINGS Single intervention of Happy Seeder in 2017-18 in a small area of 18 ha at one location increased to 800 ha in the adjoining areas during current year i.e. 2018-19 However, the long-term impacts of this technology on soil flora & fauna, natural resources (land and water), role of opinion leaders in rapid diffusion of technology and its contribution towards poverty alleviation needs to be explored further.
- 14. IMPACT Reached 0.8 million hectares of adoption of happy seeder/zero tillage technology in the North- Western States of India within a year. An additional direct farmer benefit of Rs 900 crores compared to a burning option. Large public benefits of significant reduction in GHGs & PM 2.5, improving soil health, saving on water and contributing to SDGs. Approximately 13,000 happy seeder machines in operation in north-west India.
- 15. States like West Bengal has been conducting research trails on Jute cultivation using zero till happy seed technology Government support, including a special scheme of about Rs 1150 crores to support farmers for machinery, capacity development, knowledge sharing and awareness creation involving almost 100 public institutions including Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), ICAR institutions, State Departments of Agriculture, Agriculture Universities.